US1859455A - Refrigeration - Google Patents

Refrigeration Download PDF

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US1859455A
US1859455A US561388A US56138831A US1859455A US 1859455 A US1859455 A US 1859455A US 561388 A US561388 A US 561388A US 56138831 A US56138831 A US 56138831A US 1859455 A US1859455 A US 1859455A
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conduit
chamber
liquid
lower chamber
vessel
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US561388A
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Munters Carl Georg
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Platen Munters Refrigerating System AB
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Platen Munters Refrigerating System AB
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B15/00—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type
    • F25B15/10—Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating continuously, e.g. absorption type with inert gas
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/62—Absorption based systems

Definitions

  • My invention relates to the art of refrigeration and particularly to refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type and more particularly to apparatus of this type in which an inert gas is circulated between and through the evaporator and absorber.
  • Fig. 1 is a more or less diagrammatic cross-sectional view of an apparatus embodying my invention
  • Fi g. 2 is a more or less diagrammatic cross sectional view of an apparatus embodying a modification of my invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 but showing different liquid levels.
  • reference character designates a heated Vessel or generator.
  • Generator 10 comprises an upper chamber 11 and a lower chamber 12 centrally through both of which extends a flue 13. Flue 13 may be heated in any desired manner. as by the gas burner 14. (hamber 11 is in connnunication with chamber 12 through conduits 15 and 16.
  • Conduit 15 communicates with the lower part of chamber ll and extends downwardly within conduit 16 to near ,the bottom of the latter conduit which is located some distance below the bottom of chamber 12.
  • the upper end of conduit 16 opens into the upper part of chamber 12.
  • a conduit 17 communicates with the up per part of chamber 11 and with a conduit 35' which is in turn connected to one end of a condenser conduit lb.
  • - Condenser conduit 18 is in heat e:-:change relationship with acooling water conduit ii).
  • the other end of conduit 1S communicates with a rectifier cham ber 20 which is arranged around a portion of conduit 35.
  • Anaperture 44 in conduit 35 within chamber 20 establishes communication between the upper part of the chamber and the interior of the conduit.
  • a conduit 21 communicates with rectifier chamber 20 and with the upper part of an evaporator 22.
  • Evaporator 22 comprises a substantially cylindrical member within which is positioned a series of trays 23 provided with apertures 24 surrounded by raised rims 25.
  • a conduit 26 communicates with the bottom of evaporator 22 and leadsto the lower part of anabsorber 27.
  • Absorber 27 is provlded with a series of trays 28 which ma be similar to trays 23 contained within t e evapo-. rator.
  • a portion of pooling water'conduit 19 is placed in heat exchange relation with the absorber.
  • a conduit 29' connects the upper part of absorber 27 with the upper part of the evaporator. Conduits 26 and 29 may be placed in heat exchange relationship with each other in known manner.
  • a conduit 30 connects the lower part of the absorber with chamber 11 in generator 10.
  • a conduit 31 communicates with chamber 12 of the generator and leads to the upper part of absorber 27 Conduits 30 and 31 are preferably arranged in heat exchange relation, as is shown at 3 2.
  • a U-shaped conduit 33 is arranged with a, short leg 34 extending upwardly within chamber 12 of the generator.
  • the longer leg 35 comprises a riser conduit and extends upwardly and communicates with conduit 17 leading from thegenerator to the condenser at a point above the top of the generator.
  • Communicating with chamber 12 at a point at the same levelor above the point of communication of conduit 31 is'a cycle control conduit member 36.
  • Conduit member 36 comprises three vertical legs 37, 38 and 39 connected together by return bends 40 and 41.
  • Leg 38 is somewhat longer than leg 37 while leg 39 is still longer and communicates A CORPORATION with conduit 35 at a point above the top of chamber 12.
  • Conduit member 36 also comcomparatively large bore, which communicates with the top of return bend 40 and a conduit 43 of comparatively small or capillary bore, which connects the upper part of conduit 42 witha point in chamber 12 above the oint' of communication therewith of leg r
  • This embodiment of my invention operates substantially as follows
  • a solution comprising a refrigerant absorbed in'an absorption liquid.
  • Any suitable mediums may be used but for the purpose of this description it will be assumed that the refrigerant is ammonia and the absorption liquid is water.
  • the application of heat tochamber 11 causes the ammonia to leave the solution in the form of a gas which passes upwardly through conduits 17 and to condenser conduit 18 where its temperature is reduced sufliciently to cause its liquefaction.
  • the liquid ammonia passes from conduit 18 to rectifier chamber 20 where it is in heat exchange relation with the vaporous ammonia passing through conduit 35.
  • This exchange of heat results in the condensation of substantially all of the water vapor mixed with the ammonia gas, which condensed' water passes back through conduits 35 and 17 to the generator.
  • the heat thus absorbed by the liquid ammonia within chamber20 causes the vaporization of some of this liquid, which vapor passes through aperture 44 into conduit 35.
  • Liquid refrigerant flows from chamber-20 through conduit 21 to the upper part of evaporator 22 where it comes in intimate contact with an inert gas, for instance hydrogen,
  • an inert gas for instance hydrogen
  • conduit member 36 comprising conduits 43 and 42 and legs 38 and 39, to riser conduit 35. From here the vaporous ammonia passes to conduit 35 and thence to condenser 18.
  • conduit 35 thus equalizing the pressure throughout the system.
  • absorption liquid may flow by gravity from chamber 11 through conduits 15 and 16 to chamber 12'and the cycle is repeated.
  • conduits 42 and 43 connecting return bend 40 with the chamber 12 are to chamber 12 *w1thin generator 10.
  • a conduit 45 communicates with the lower part of chamber 11 and extends downwardly and thence upwardly and communicates with an intermediate vessel 46.
  • the point of communication of conduit 45 with vessel 46 is below the point of communication of conduit 30 with chamber 11.
  • a conduit 47 communicates with the bottom of chamber 46 and extends downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with the upper part of chamber '12.
  • the point of communication of conduit 47 with chamber 11 is below the bottom of intermediate vessel 46.
  • a conduit 48 communicates with conduit 17 at a point above the top of the generator and extends downwardly and within chamber 46 where it terminates at a point below the point of communication of conduit 45 with chamber 46.
  • Condenser 18, evaporator 22, conduit and conduit member 36 are the same in this figure as have been shown and described in connection with Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 there is shown a portion-of the same apparatus as is shown in Fig. 2, but with the liquid levels in a different position. a The operation of the device shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is substantially as follows: 1
  • the column of l quid available for balancing the pressure difference created in chamber 12 is a column measured from the liquid surface in conduit 48 to the liquid surface in the left hand leg of conduit 47 This corresponds to the column shown in Fig. 1 which is measured from the liquid surface in chamber 11 to the surface of the liquid in conduit 16.
  • This column is substantially equal to the column in riser conduit35 measured from the liquid surface in chamber 12 to the surface in conduit 35 and is determined by the vertical distance from the liquid surfacein chamber 12 to the level at which conduit 31 discharges into absorber 27.
  • the advantage of the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 over that shown in Fig. 1 is that it is not necessary to extend the conduits a substantial distance below the lower end of the generator in order to allow for the creation of the necessary liquid column, and hence the over-all height of the apparatus is materially reduced.
  • a portion of the liquid forced out of chamber 12 passes through conduit 31 and is discharged into the upper part of absorber 27.
  • vapor forces the liquid contained in leg 39 of conduit 36 into conduit 35 and the pressure throughout the apparatus is equal zed, as described in connection with Fig. 1.
  • liquid may flow through conduit 45, vessel 46 and conduit 47 to chamber 12 until the level therein is raised sufficiently to submerge the lower .end of conduit 42.
  • Conduits 45 and 47 are wholly beneath the level of the liquid in upper chamber 11 and hence gravity flow of liquid from chamber 11 to chamber 12 may take place through these conduits.
  • a heated vessel a cooled vessel and means for producing flow of liquid therebetween in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating with the heated vessel and extending upwardly above the heated vessel, and a cycle control conduit member communicating with the heated vessel at a given level and with said riser conduit at ahigher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower, return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said heated vessel.
  • a heated vessel In a refrigerating. apparatus, a heated vessel, a cooled vessel and means for producing flow of liquid therebetween in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating with the heated vessel and extending upwardlyabove the heated vessel, and a cycle control conduit member communicating with the heated vessel at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level,.
  • said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by up er and lower return bends and a vconduit connecting an upper return bend with said heated vessel, the last mentioned conduit communicating with the heated vessel at a point above said given level.
  • a heated vessel In refrigerating apparatus, a heated vessel, a cooled vess'el and'means for producing .flow of liquid therebetween in periodic cycles including ariser conduit communicating with the heated vessel and extending upwardly above the heated vessel, and a cycle control conduit member communicating with the heated vessel at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend. with said heated vessel, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a point above said higher" level and thence downwardly to communicate with said heated vesgiven leveland said higher level.
  • a heated vessel a cooled vessel and means for procycles including a riser conduit communicatmg with the heated vessel and extending upwardly above the heated vessel, and a cycle control conduit member communicating with the heated vessel'at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level; said conduit member comprising a plurality of-ver; tlcal legs connected in series'bvupper and lowerreturn bends and'a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said heated vessel, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly-from said return bend to a point above said higherlevel and thencev downwardly to communicate with said heated ves- I sel at a point between said given level and said higher level, the upwardly extending portion of said last mentioned conduit being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion being of comparatively small bore.
  • a heated vessel a cooled vessel and means for producing fiow' of liquid therebetween in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating with the heated vessel and extending upwardly above the heated vessel, and a cycle control conduit member communicating with the heated vessel at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said heated vessel, the
  • a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, a cooled vessel and means for producing flow of liquid between said vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicatlng with said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper cham-Z ber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with saidlower chamber at a given level and with saidriser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series 'by upper and lower return bends and-a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said v lower chamber, a conduit connecting said lower chamber with the upper part of said cooled vessel, a conduit connecting the. lowerpart of said cooled vessel with said upper chamber and a conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit having. a portion below said lower chamber.
  • a heated pvessel comprisingan upper chamber and a lower chamber, a cooled vessel and means'for producing flow of liquidbetween said vessels in periodic cycles including a' riser conduit communicating with saidlower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with' said lower chamber at a given level and with saidriser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and" lower return bendsand a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit communicating with said lower chamber at a-point above said given level, a conduit connecting said lower chambenwith the upper part of saidcooled vessel, a conduit connecting the lower part of said cooled vesselwithsaid upper chamber, and a conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber, and having a portion below said lowerchamber.
  • a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, a cooled vessel and means for producing flow of liquid between said'vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating ,with said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower, chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected lower chamber and having a portion below in series by upper andlower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said heated vessel at a point between said given level and said higher level, a; conduit connecting said lower chamber with the upper part of said cooled vessel, a conduit connecting the lower part of said cooled vessel with said upper chamber and a conduit connecting said upper chamber with said said lower chamber.
  • heated vessel comprislng an upper chamber and a.
  • a cooled vessel and means for producing flow of 11qu1d between sa d Vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating with said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber, acycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in v series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit/connecting anupper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly-from said re-v turn bend to a point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said heated vessel at a point between said given level and said higher level, the up wardly extending portion ofsaid last mentioned conduit being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion being of comparatively small bore, a conduit connecting"- said .lower chamber with thevupper part of said cooledvessel. a conduit connecting the lower part ofv said cooled vessel with said upper chamber and a conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber
  • a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, a cooled vessel and means for a point above said higher level and thence producing flow of liquid between said vessel's downwardly'to communicate with said heated vessel at a point between said given level and said higher level, the upwardly extend-1 ing portion-of said last mentioned conduit being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion having a capillary bore, a conduit connecting said lower chamber with the upperpart of said cooled vessel, a conduit connecting the lower part of said cooled vessel with said upper chamber and a conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber and having a portion below said lower chamber.
  • a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, a cooled vessel and means for I producing flow of liquid between said vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating withsaid lower chamber andextending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, a conduit connecting said lower chamber with the upper part of said cooled vessel, a conduit connecting the lower part of said cooled vessel with said upper chamber and means for .conveying liquid from said upper chamber to said lower chamber comprising an intermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said upper chamber and upwardly to said intermediate vessel, a'conduit extending downwardly from said intermediate vessel and upwardly to said lower chamber, and a conduit. extending from within said intermediate vessel upwardly and communicating with the-upper part of said upper chamber.
  • a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, a cooled vessel and means for bend to a point above said higher level and producing flow, of liquid between said vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating with said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper cham-.
  • a cycle control conduit member communiconnecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit communicating with said lower chamber at apolnt above sald glven level, a condult connecting said lower chamber with the upper part of said cooled vessel, a conduit connecting the lower part of said cooled vessel with said upper chamber, and means for conveying liquid from said upper chamber to said lower chamber comprising an intermediate vessel, a conduit extendin downwardly from said upper chamber an upwardly to said intermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said intermediate vessel and 'upwardly to said lower chamber, and a conduit extending .from within said intermediate vessel upwardly and communicating with the upper part. of said upper chamber.
  • a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, a cooled vessel and means'for producing flow of liquid between said vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduitcommunicating with said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit-member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connectedin series by upper and lower return bends and a con- .duit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said'return thence downwardly.
  • a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber, and a upper chamber.
  • a cooled vessel and meansfor producing flow of liquid between said vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating with said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle cQntrol conduit member communicating with said lower chamber'at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to apoint above said-higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said heated said intermediate vessel and upwardly to said within said intermediate vessel upwardly and communicating with the upper part of .said
  • a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber and a lowerchamber, a cooled vessel and means for producing flow of liquid between said vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating with said lower chamberand extending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending; upwardly from said'return bend to a point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said heated.
  • Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator,.a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, and connections forming a tor and an absorber, and.connections forming a circuit for flow of absorption'liquid bee circuit for flow of absorption liquid between ihe generator and the absorber comprising a riser conduit communicating with the generator and extending upwardly above the generator, and a tubular flow control member, communicating Wlth'tl'lQ generator at agiven level and communicating with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said generator, the last mentioned conduit communicating with the gen-'- erator at a point above said given level.
  • Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit in cluding a generator, a condenser, an evaporatween the generator'and the absorber comprising a riser conduit communicating with the generator and extending upwardly above the generator, and a tubular flow control member communicating with the generator at a given level and communicating with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member ;comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in'series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said generator, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a pointabove saidhigher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said-generatorat a point between said given level and said higher level.
  • Refrigerating apparatus of the ab the generator and the absorber comprising a sorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, and connections forming a circuit for flow of absorption'liquidbetween 0 l riser conduit communicating with the generator and extedding upwardly above the generator, and a tubular flow control member communicating with the generator at a given level and communicating with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said generator, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said generator at a point between said given level and said higher level, the upwardly extending portion of said last mentioned conduit being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion being of comparatively small bore.
  • Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator,,a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, and connections forming a circuit for flow of absorption liquid between thegenerator and the absorber comprising a 95 riser conduit communicating with the generator and extending upwardly above the generator, and a tubular flow control member communicating with the generator at a given level and communicating with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member "comprising a plurality of vertical'legs connected in.
  • Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber and connections forming a circuit for flow of absorption liquid between the generator and the absorber comprising a riser conduit communicating with the said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical le s connected in series by upper and lower re urn bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, anda conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber and having a portion below said lower chamber.
  • Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator comprising an upper chamber and'a lower chamber and connections forming a circuit for flowof abrality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit communicating with said lower chamber at a point above said given level, and a, conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber and having a portion below said lower chamber.
  • Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber and connections forming a circuit for flow of absorption liquid between the generator andthe absorber comprising a riser conduit communicating with the sa1d lower chamber and ex-' tending upwardly above said upper chamber, acycle control'conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said lower chamber at apoint between saidgiven level and said higher level, and a conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber and having a portion below said lower chamber;
  • Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit includ:
  • a generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber and connections forining'a circuit for flow of absorption liquid between the generator and the absorber comprising a riser conduitcommunn cating with the said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber,
  • a-cycle control conduit member commun'icating with said lower chamberat a given level bore, and a conduit connecting said upper and with said riser conduit at a higher. level
  • said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said lower chamber at a point between said given level and said higher level, the upwardly extending portion of said last mentioned conduit being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion being of comparatively small bore, and a conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber I23nd having a portion below said lower cham- 25.
  • Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber and Y connections forming a circuit for flow of ab- 4 l sorption liquid between the generator and the absorber comprising a riserconduit commumcatmg with the said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper cham-.
  • a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level
  • said conduitinember comprising a plu- I rality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend toa point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said lower chamber at a point between said given level and said higher level, the upwardly extending portion of said last mentioned conduit being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion having a capillary chamber with said lower chamber and having a portion below said lower. chamber.
  • Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, acondenser, an evaporator and an absorber, sa1d generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber and connections forming a circuit forv flow of absorption liquid between the generator andthe absorber comprising a riser conduit ,communicating with the said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper cham-- her, a cycle control conduit 'memberhco m-l municating, with said lower chamber at a.
  • said conduit member comprising I a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends-and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with p said lower chamber,.and means for conveying liquid from said upper chamber to said lower chamber comprising an intermediate vessel,
  • Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber and connections formlng a clrcuit for flow of absorption liquid between the generator and the absorber comprising a riser conduit communicating with the said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper cham- T' ber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit communicating with" said lower chamber at a point above said given level,
  • efrigerating apparatus of the ab-- sorption type having a refrigerant circuit 4 including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower cham- -b'er and connections forming a" circuit for flow of absorption liquid between the generator and the absorber comprising a riser conduit communicatin with the said lower chamber and extendlng upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by' upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower :chamber,
  • the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a 5' 'point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said lower chamber at a point between said 'venlevel and said higher level, and'means or conveyingliquid from said upper chamber to said lower chamber comprising 'an intermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said upper chamber and upwardly to saidintermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said intermediate vessel and upwardly to said lower chamber, and a conduit extending from within said intermediate vessel upwardly and communicating with the upper part of said upper chamber.
  • Refrigerating apparatus of the "ab- I sorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and connections forming a circuit for flow of absorption liquid between the generator and the absorber comprising a riser conduit communicating with the said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower'return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said lower chamber at a point between said given level .and said higher level, the upwardly extending portion of said last mentioned conduit 0 being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion being of comcommunicating with the upper part of said upper chamber.
  • conduit extending upwardly from said re- .tioned conduit being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion having a capillary bore, and means for conveying liquid from said upper chamber to during periods of pressure equalization and said lower chamber comprising an intermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said upper chamber and upwardly to said intermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said intermediate vessel and upwardly to said lower chamber, and a conduit extending from within said intermediate vessel upwardly and communicating with the upper part of said upper chamber.
  • a refrigerating apparatus an upper chamber, a lower chamber,- means for periodically producing a'higher pressure in said lower chamber than in said upper chamber, and means for conducting liquid by gravity flow from said upper chamber to said lower chamber during periods of pressure equalization and for periodically forming a column of liquid extending above said upper chamber to balance the higher pressure periodically produced in said lower chamber, said last mentioned means comprising a first conduit extending from said upper chamber to said lower chamber and asecond conduit communicating with an intermediate point in said first conduit and extending above said upper chamber.
  • an upper chamber for containing a body of liquid, a lower chamber, means for periodically producing a higher pressure in said lower chamber than in said upper chamber, and means for conducting liquid by gravity flow from said upper chamber to said lower chamber during-periods of pressure equalization and for periodically forming a column of liquid extending above the level of the liquid in said upper chamber to balance the higher pressure periodically produced in said lower chamber,
  • said last mentioned means comprising a first conduit extending from below the liquid level in said upper chamber to said lower chamber and a second conduit communicating with an intermediate point in said first conduit and extending above the'level of the liquid in said upper chamber.
  • an upper chamber for containing a body of liquid, a lower chamber, means for periodically producing a higher pressure in said lower cham v ber than in said upper chamber, and means avity flow from for conducting liquid by sald upper chamber to said lower chamber for periodically forming a column of liquid I extending above the level of the liquid in said upper chamber to balance the higher pressure periodically produced in said lower chamber, said last mentioned means comprising a first conduit extending from below the liquid level in said upper chamber to said lower chamber and a second conduit communicating with an intermediate point in said first conduit and communicating with said upper chamber above the level of the liquid contained therein.
  • said last mentioned means comprising an intermediate vessel, a conduit communicating with said upper chamber and extending downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with said intermediate vessel,.
  • conduit communicating with said intermediate chamber and extending downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with said lower chambeigand a conduit communicating with said intermediate vessel and extending upwardly to a point above the level of the liquid in said upper chamber.
  • an upper chamber for containing a body of liquid, a lower chamber, means for periodically producing a higher pressure in saidlower chamber than in said upper chamber, and means for conducting liquid by gravity flow from said'upper chamber to said lower chamber during periods of pressure equalization and for periodically'forming a column of liquid extending above the level of the liquid in said upper chamber to balance the higher pressure periodically produced in said lower chamber
  • said last mentioned means comprising an intermediate vessel, a conduit communicating with said upper chamber and .extending downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with said intermediate vessel, a conduit communicating with said intermediate chamber and extending downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with said lower chamber, and a conduit communicating with said intermediate vessel and with said upper chamber above the level of the liquid contained therein.
  • said last mentioned means comprising an intermediate vessel, a conduit communicating with said upper chamber and extending downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with said intermediate vessel, a conduit communicating with said interme diate chamber and extending downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with said lower chamber, both of the two last mentioned conduits being wholly below the level of the liquid in said upper chamber, and a conduit communicating withsaid .intermediate vessel and extending upwardly to a point above the level of the liquid in said Y upper chamber.
  • an upper chamber for containing a body of liquid, a lower chamber, means forperiodically pro-" ducing a higher pressure in said lower chamber than in said upper chamber, and means for conducting liquid by. gravity 'fiow from said upper chamber to said lower chamber during periods of pressure equalization and for periodically forming a column of liquid extending above the level of the liquid in said I upper chamber to balance the higher pressure periodically produced in said lower chamber,
  • said last mentioned means comprising an intel-mediate" vessel, a conduit communicating with said upper chamber and extending downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with said intermediate vessel, a
  • conduit communicating with. said intermediate chamber and extendingdownwardlyand thence upwardly to communicate with sald lower chamber, both of the two last mentioned conduits being wholly below the level of the liquid in said upper chamber, and a conduit communicating withsaid intermediate vessel and with said upperchamber i above the level of the liquid contained therein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Description

y 1932- c. G. MUNTERS 1,859,455
REFRI GERATION Filed Sept. 5, 1951 3 Sheets-Sheet l 4; ATTBRNEY y 1932- c. G. MUNTERS 1,859,455
REFRIGERATION Filed Sept. 5, 1931 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 lgNTgR A ATTdRNEY May 24, c G T S 1,859,455
REFRIGERATION Filed Sept. 5, 1951 3 Sheets Sheet 5 gd/llggm 4'5.- ATTORNEY Patented May '24, 1932 CARL GEORG MUN'IERS, or STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN, AssIGNoR To PLATEN-MUNTERS REFRIGERATING SYSTEM AKTIEBOLAG, OF STOGKHOIM, SWEDEN,
OF SWEDEN REFRIGERATION Application filed September 5, 1931, Serial No. 561,388, and in Germany August 13, 1930.
My invention relates to the art of refrigeration and particularly to refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type and more particularly to apparatus of this type in which an inert gas is circulated between and through the evaporator and absorber.
In this type of apparatus absorption liquid is circulated between and through the generator and the absorber. One of the objects of my invention is to provide an improved means for causing circulation ofabsorption liquid by an apparatus in which there are no moving parts.
Further objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description read in connection with the accompanying drawings which forma part of this specification and on which:
Fig. 1 is a more or less diagrammatic cross-sectional view of an apparatus embodying my invention;
. Fi g. 2 is a more or less diagrammatic cross sectional view of an apparatus embodying a modification of my invention; and
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the apparatus shown in Fig. 2 but showing different liquid levels.
Referring more particularly to Fig. 1, reference character designates a heated Vessel or generator. Generator 10 comprises an upper chamber 11 and a lower chamber 12 centrally through both of which extends a flue 13. Flue 13 may be heated in any desired manner. as by the gas burner 14. (hamber 11 is in connnunication with chamber 12 through conduits 15 and 16. Conduit 15 communicates with the lower part of chamber ll and extends downwardly within conduit 16 to near ,the bottom of the latter conduit which is located some distance below the bottom of chamber 12. The upper end of conduit 16 opens into the upper part of chamber 12.
A conduit 17 communicates with the up per part of chamber 11 and with a conduit 35' which is in turn connected to one end of a condenser conduit lb.- Condenser conduit 18 is in heat e:-:change relationship with acooling water conduit ii). The other end of conduit 1S communicates with a rectifier cham ber 20 which is arranged around a portion of conduit 35. Anaperture 44 in conduit 35 within chamber 20 establishes communication between the upper part of the chamber and the interior of the conduit. A conduit 21 communicates with rectifier chamber 20 and with the upper part of an evaporator 22.
Evaporator 22 comprises a substantially cylindrical member within which is positioned a series of trays 23 provided with apertures 24 surrounded by raised rims 25. A conduit 26 communicates with the bottom of evaporator 22 and leadsto the lower part of anabsorber 27. Absorber 27 is provlded with a series of trays 28 which ma be similar to trays 23 contained within t e evapo-. rator. A portion of pooling water'conduit 19 is placed in heat exchange relation with the absorber. A conduit 29' connects the upper part of absorber 27 with the upper part of the evaporator. Conduits 26 and 29 may be placed in heat exchange relationship with each other in known manner.
A conduit 30 connects the lower part of the absorber with chamber 11 in generator 10. A conduit 31 communicates with chamber 12 of the generator and leads to the upper part of absorber 27 Conduits 30 and 31 are preferably arranged in heat exchange relation, as is shown at 3 2.
A U-shaped conduit 33 is arranged with a, short leg 34 extending upwardly within chamber 12 of the generator. The longer leg 35 comprises a riser conduit and extends upwardly and communicates with conduit 17 leading from thegenerator to the condenser at a point above the top of the generator. Communicating with chamber 12 at a point at the same levelor above the point of communication of conduit 31 is'a cycle control conduit member 36. Conduit member 36 comprises three vertical legs 37, 38 and 39 connected together by return bends 40 and 41. Leg 38 is somewhat longer than leg 37 while leg 39 is still longer and communicates A CORPORATION with conduit 35 at a point above the top of chamber 12. Conduit member 36 also comcomparatively large bore, which communicates with the top of return bend 40 and a conduit 43 of comparatively small or capillary bore, which connects the upper part of conduit 42 witha point in chamber 12 above the oint' of communication therewith of leg r This embodiment of my invention operates substantially as follows Within chambers 11 and 12 of generator 10 there is contained a solution comprising a refrigerant absorbed in'an absorption liquid. Any suitable mediums may be used but for the purpose of this description it will be assumed that the refrigerant is ammonia and the absorption liquid is water. The application of heat tochamber 11 causes the ammonia to leave the solution in the form of a gas which passes upwardly through conduits 17 and to condenser conduit 18 where its temperature is reduced sufliciently to cause its liquefaction. The liquid ammonia passes from conduit 18 to rectifier chamber 20 where it is in heat exchange relation with the vaporous ammonia passing through conduit 35. This exchange of heat results in the condensation of substantially all of the water vapor mixed with the ammonia gas, which condensed' water passes back through conduits 35 and 17 to the generator. The heat thus absorbed by the liquid ammonia within chamber20 causes the vaporization of some of this liquid, which vapor passes through aperture 44 into conduit 35.
l Liquid refrigerant flows from chamber-20 through conduit 21 to the upper part of evaporator 22 where it comes in intimate contact with an inert gas, for instance hydrogen,
which is introduced into the evaporator through conduit-29. The liquid refrigerant evaporates in the presence of the hydrogen and thus produces refrigeration. The gaseous mixture of ammonia and hydrogen passes downwardly through the evaporator and through conduit 26 to absorber 27. In the absorber the mixture is brought in intimate contact with weak absorption liquid intro duced into the top of the absorber through conduit 31. The weak absorption liquid absorbs the ammonia from the gaseous mixture, leaving the hydrogen whichpas'ses from the top of the absorber through conduit 29 back previously ex lained, and the weakened solution passes ere'from through conduits 15 and 16 to wlthln chamber 12. Chamber; 12
also receives heat from burner 14 and further ammonia vapor is there driven out of solution. This ammonia vapor passes through conduit member 36, comprising conduits 43 and 42 and legs 38 and 39, to riser conduit 35. From here the vaporous ammonia passes to conduit 35 and thence to condenser 18.
The liquid passing into chamber 12 through conduits 15 and 16 raises the level of the liquid contained in chamber 12 until the lower end of conduit 43 is reached. Liquid is thereupon forced upwardly into conduit 43 and thus the further passage of vapor through this conduit is prevented. The vapor now driven off from the solution is hence trapped in the upper part of chamber I 12 with the result that the liquid level of this chamber is depressed. Although the lower end of conduit43 is now above the level of the liquid, vapor will not pass through this conduit due to the fact that the bore thereof is sufliciently small to prevent the vapor from passing by the liquid contained in the c0niduit and the head exerted by the liquid in conduit 43 is sufficient to prevent it from being forced out into conduit 42. The liquid forced out of chamber 12 passes into conduits. 31 and 33. The increased pressure existing in the chamber 12 also depresses the level of the liquid contained in conduit 16. The lower end of conduit 15 mustbe sufiiciently farbelow the level of the liquid in chamber 11 so that the liquid in conduit 16 will not be forced below the end of conduit 15. When the liquid rises in the leg 35 of conduit 33 to the point where conduit member 36 communicates therewith, liquid will flow into leg 39 and fill leg 38 to the level of the liquid within chamber 12. Further generation of vapor in chamber 12 forces liquid upwardly in conduits 31 and 33 until liquid passes out of the end of conduit 31 within the upper part of absorber 27. The height of the liquid the liquid in chamber 12 to the level at which return bend 41.
contained in conduit 35, thus equalizing the pressure throughout the system. Thereupon absorption liquid may flow by gravity from chamber 11 through conduits 15 and 16 to chamber 12'and the cycle is repeated. p
The purpose of conduits 42 and 43 connecting return bend 40 with the chamber 12 is to chamber 12 *w1thin generator 10. In place of conduits and 16, shown in Fig. 1, a conduit 45 communicates with the lower part of chamber 11 and extends downwardly and thence upwardly and communicates with an intermediate vessel 46. The point of communication of conduit 45 with vessel 46 is below the point of communication of conduit 30 with chamber 11. A conduit 47 communicates with the bottom of chamber 46 and extends downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with the upper part of chamber '12. The point of communication of conduit 47 with chamber 11 is below the bottom of intermediate vessel 46. I A conduit 48 communicates with conduit 17 at a point above the top of the generator and extends downwardly and within chamber 46 where it terminates at a point below the point of communication of conduit 45 with chamber 46.
Condenser 18, evaporator 22, conduit and conduit member 36 are the same in this figure as have been shown and described in connection with Fig. 1.
In Fig. 3 there is shown a portion-of the same apparatus as is shown in Fig. 2, but with the liquid levels in a different position. a The operation of the device shown in Figs. 2 and 3 is substantially as follows: 1
Strong absorption liquid flows from abthrough conduit 30. In chamber 11- the application of heat drives refrigerant from solution in the form of a vapor, which vapor passes through conduit 17. A somewhat weakened absorption solution passes. from"':-.
the lower part of chamber 11 through" conduit 45 to chamber 46, from where it flows through conduit 47 to within chamber12.
When the liquid level in chamber 12 rises sufiiciently to submerge the lower end of conduit 43. as is shown in Fig. 2, passage of vapor from chamber 12 through conduit member 36 to conduit 35 is prevented. The vapor thereafter formed in chamber 12 forces liquid out of the chamber into riser conduit 35 and conduit 31. Liquid is forced down in the left hand branch of conduit 47 and hence causes the level in vessel 46 to rise until the lower end of conduit 48 is submerged and further liquid forced into vessel 46 i 's forced sorber 27 to chamber 11 of the generator upwardly into conduit 48 because the vapor now trapped in Vessel 46 is compressed sufliciently above the pressure obtaining in chamber 11 to sustain a column of liquid in conduit 48. At the same time'the pressure of this vapor causes the liquid contained in the right hand leg of conduit45 to beforced downwardly therein. The liquid levels now existing are shown in Fig. 3. The column of l quid available for balancing the pressure difference created in chamber 12 is a column measured from the liquid surface in conduit 48 to the liquid surface in the left hand leg of conduit 47 This corresponds to the column shown in Fig. 1 which is measured from the liquid surface in chamber 11 to the surface of the liquid in conduit 16. This column is substantially equal to the column in riser conduit35 measured from the liquid surface in chamber 12 to the surface in conduit 35 and is determined by the vertical distance from the liquid surfacein chamber 12 to the level at which conduit 31 discharges into absorber 27. The advantage of the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 over that shown in Fig. 1 is that it is not necessary to extend the conduits a substantial distance below the lower end of the generator in order to allow for the creation of the necessary liquid column, and hence the over-all height of the apparatus is materially reduced.
A portion of the liquid forced out of chamber 12 passes through conduit 31 and is discharged into the upper part of absorber 27. When the liquid level within chamber 12 has been forced down to the level of return bend 41, vapor forces the liquid contained in leg 39 of conduit 36 into conduit 35 and the pressure throughout the apparatus is equal zed, as described in connection with Fig. 1. Thereafter. liquid may flow through conduit 45, vessel 46 and conduit 47 to chamber 12 until the level therein is raised sufficiently to submerge the lower .end of conduit 42. Conduits 45 and 47 are wholly beneath the level of the liquid in upper chamber 11 and hence gravity flow of liquid from chamber 11 to chamber 12 may take place through these conduits.
It will therefore be seen that I have provided an apparatus wherein a circulation of absorption liquid between and through the generator and ab orber is effected by pressure differences ntermittently built up and equalized. It will further be apparent that no moving parts either in the form of pumps or valves are required.
While I have shown and described two more or less specific embodiments of my invention, it is to be understood that they are for the purpose of illustration only and that the scope of my invention I s not to be limited thereby, but only by the appended claims considered in the lightof the prior art.
ducing flow of liquid therebetween in periodic V ,sel at a point between said What I claim is:
1. In refrigerating apparatus, a heated vessel, a cooled vessel and means for producing flow of liquid therebetween in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating with the heated vessel and extending upwardly above the heated vessel, and a cycle control conduit member communicating with the heated vessel at a given level and with said riser conduit at ahigher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower, return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said heated vessel.
2. In a refrigerating. apparatus, a heated vessel, a cooled vessel and means for producing flow of liquid therebetween in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating with the heated vessel and extending upwardlyabove the heated vessel, and a cycle control conduit member communicating with the heated vessel at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level,.,said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by up er and lower return bends and a vconduit connecting an upper return bend with said heated vessel, the last mentioned conduit communicating with the heated vessel at a point above said given level.
3. In refrigerating apparatus,a heated vessel, a cooled vess'el and'means for producing .flow of liquid therebetween in periodic cycles including ariser conduit communicating with the heated vessel and extending upwardly above the heated vessel, and a cycle control conduit member communicating with the heated vessel at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend. with said heated vessel, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a point above said higher" level and thence downwardly to communicate with said heated vesgiven leveland said higher level.
4. In refrigerating apparatus, a heated vessel, a cooled vessel and means for procycles including a riser conduit communicatmg with the heated vessel and extending upwardly above the heated vessel, and a cycle control conduit member communicating with the heated vessel'at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level; said conduit member comprising a plurality of-ver; tlcal legs connected in series'bvupper and lowerreturn bends and'a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said heated vessel, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly-from said return bend to a point above said higherlevel and thencev downwardly to communicate with said heated ves- I sel at a point between said given level and said higher level, the upwardly extending portion of said last mentioned conduit being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion being of comparatively small bore.
5. In refrigerating apparatus, a heated vessel, a cooled vessel and means for producing fiow' of liquid therebetween in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating with the heated vessel and extending upwardly above the heated vessel, and a cycle control conduit member communicating with the heated vessel at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said heated vessel, the
large boreand the'downwardly extending portion having a capillary bore. 6. In a refrigerating apparatus, a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, a cooled vessel and means for producing flow of liquid between said vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicatlng with said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper cham-Z ber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with saidlower chamber at a given level and with saidriser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series 'by upper and lower return bends and-a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said v lower chamber, a conduit connecting said lower chamber with the upper part of said cooled vessel, a conduit connecting the. lowerpart of said cooled vessel with said upper chamber and a conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit having. a portion below said lower chamber.
7. In a refrigerating apparatus, a heated pvessel comprisingan upper chamber and a lower chamber, a cooled vessel and means'for producing flow of liquidbetween said vessels in periodic cycles including a' riser conduit communicating with saidlower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with' said lower chamber at a given level and with saidriser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and" lower return bendsand a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit communicating with said lower chamber at a-point above said given level, a conduit connecting said lower chambenwith the upper part of saidcooled vessel, a conduit connecting the lower part of said cooled vesselwithsaid upper chamber, and a conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber, and having a portion below said lowerchamber.
8. Ina refrigerating apparatus, a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, a cooled vessel and means for producing flow of liquid between said'vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating ,with said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower, chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected lower chamber and having a portion below in series by upper andlower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said heated vessel at a point between said given level and said higher level, a; conduit connecting said lower chamber with the upper part of said cooled vessel, a conduit connecting the lower part of said cooled vessel with said upper chamber and a conduit connecting said upper chamber with said said lower chamber.
9. In a refrigerating apparatus, heated vessel comprislng an upper chamber and a.
lower chamber, a cooled vessel and means for producing flow of 11qu1d between sa d Vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating with said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber, acycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in v series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit/connecting anupper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly-from said re-v turn bend to a point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said heated vessel at a point between said given level and said higher level, the up wardly extending portion ofsaid last mentioned conduit being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion being of comparatively small bore, a conduit connecting"- said .lower chamber with thevupper part of said cooledvessel. a conduit connecting the lower part ofv said cooled vessel with said upper chamber and a conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber and. having a portion below said lower chamber. Q
10. In a refrigerating apparatus, a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, a cooled vessel and means for a point above said higher level and thence producing flow of liquid between said vessel's downwardly'to communicate with said heated vessel at a point between said given level and said higher level, the upwardly extend-1 ing portion-of said last mentioned conduit being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion having a capillary bore, a conduit connecting said lower chamber with the upperpart of said cooled vessel, a conduit connecting the lower part of said cooled vessel with said upper chamber and a conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber and having a portion below said lower chamber.
11. In a refrigerating apparatus, a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, a cooled vessel and means for I producing flow of liquid between said vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating withsaid lower chamber andextending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, a conduit connecting said lower chamber with the upper part of said cooled vessel, a conduit connecting the lower part of said cooled vessel with said upper chamber and means for .conveying liquid from said upper chamber to said lower chamber comprising an intermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said upper chamber and upwardly to said intermediate vessel, a'conduit extending downwardly from said intermediate vessel and upwardly to said lower chamber, and a conduit. extending from within said intermediate vessel upwardly and communicating with the-upper part of said upper chamber.
' 12. In a refrigerating apparatus, a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, a cooled vessel and means for bend to a point above said higher level and producing flow, of liquid between said vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating with said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper cham-. ber, a cycle control conduit member communiconnecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit communicating with said lower chamber at apolnt above sald glven level, a condult connecting said lower chamber with the upper part of said cooled vessel, a conduit connecting the lower part of said cooled vessel with said upper chamber, and means for conveying liquid from said upper chamber to said lower chamber comprising an intermediate vessel, a conduit extendin downwardly from said upper chamber an upwardly to said intermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said intermediate vessel and 'upwardly to said lower chamber, and a conduit extending .from within said intermediate vessel upwardly and communicating with the upper part. of said upper chamber. r
13. In a refrigerating apparatus, a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, a cooled vessel and means'for producing flow of liquid between said vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduitcommunicating with said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit-member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connectedin series by upper and lower return bends and a con- .duit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said'return thence downwardly. to communicate with said heated vessel at a point between said given level ahd said higher level, a conduit connecting saidlower chamber with the upper part-of said cooled vessel, a conduit connecting. the lower part of saidcooled vessel with said upper chamber andmeans for conveying liquid'from said upper. chamber to said I .lower chamber comprising an intermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said upper chamber and upwardly to said intermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said lintermediate vessel and upwardly to said lower chamber, anda conduit extending from within said intermediate vessel upwardly and communicating v with the upper part of said upper chamber.
, 14. In a refrigerating apparatus, a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber, and a upper chamber.
lower chamber, a cooled vessel and meansfor producing flow of liquid between said vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating with said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle cQntrol conduit member communicating with said lower chamber'at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to apoint above said-higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said heated said intermediate vessel and upwardly to said within said intermediate vessel upwardly and communicating with the upper part of .said
15; Ina refrigerating apparatus, a heated vessel comprising an upper chamber and a lowerchamber, a cooled vessel and means for producing flow of liquid between said vessels in periodic cycles including a riser conduit communicating with said lower chamberand extending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending; upwardly from said'return bend to a point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said heated.
vesseliat a point between said given level and said higher levelythe upwardly extending portion of said last mentioned conduit being of comparatively"'large bore and the downwardly extending portion having a capillary bore, a conduit connecting said lower chamber with the upper part of said cooled vessel, a conduit connecting the lower part of said cooled vessel with said upper chamber and meansffor conveying liquid from said upper chamber to said lower chamber com-.
prising an intermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said upper cham-' and an absorber, and connections forming a c1rcu1t for flow of absorptlon l1qu1d between the generator and the absorber comprising a riser conduit communicating with the generator and extending upwardly above the generator, and a tubular flow control member communicating with the generator at a given level and communicating with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a'conduit connecting an upper re" turn bend with said generator. 4
17; Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator,.a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, and connections forming a tor and an absorber, and.connections forming a circuit for flow of absorption'liquid bee circuit for flow of absorption liquid between ihe generator and the absorber comprising a riser conduit communicating with the generator and extending upwardly above the generator, and a tubular flow control member, communicating Wlth'tl'lQ generator at agiven level and communicating with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said generator, the last mentioned conduit communicating with the gen-'- erator at a point above said given level.
a 18. Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit in cluding a generator, a condenser, an evaporatween the generator'and the absorber comprising a riser conduit communicating with the generator and extending upwardly above the generator, and a tubular flow control member communicating with the generator at a given level and communicating with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member ;comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in'series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said generator, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a pointabove saidhigher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said-generatorat a point between said given level and said higher level.
19. Refrigerating apparatus of the ab the generator and the absorber comprising a sorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, and connections forming a circuit for flow of absorption'liquidbetween 0 l riser conduit communicating with the generator and extedding upwardly above the generator, and a tubular flow control member communicating with the generator at a given level and communicating with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said generator, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said generator at a point between said given level and said higher level, the upwardly extending portion of said last mentioned conduit being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion being of comparatively small bore.
20. Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator,,a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, and connections forming a circuit for flow of absorption liquid between thegenerator and the absorber comprising a 95 riser conduit communicating with the generator and extending upwardly above the generator, and a tubular flow control member communicating with the generator at a given level and communicating with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member "comprising a plurality of vertical'legs connected in. series byupper and lowerreturn bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said generator, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said generator at a point between said given level and said higher level, the'upwardly ex- 119 tending portion of said'last mentioned conduit being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion having a capillary bore.
21. Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber and connections forming a circuit for flow of absorption liquid between the generator and the absorber comprising a riser conduit communicating with the said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical le s connected in series by upper and lower re urn bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, anda conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber and having a portion below said lower chamber.
22. Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator comprising an upper chamber and'a lower chamber and connections forming a circuit for flowof abrality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit communicating with said lower chamber at a point above said given level, and a, conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber and having a portion below said lower chamber.
23. Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber and connections forming a circuit for flow of absorption liquid between the generator andthe absorber comprising a riser conduit communicating with the sa1d lower chamber and ex-' tending upwardly above said upper chamber, acycle control'conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said lower chamber at apoint between saidgiven level and said higher level, and a conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber and having a portion below said lower chamber;
24. Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit includ:
ing a generator, a? condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber and connections forining'a circuit for flow of absorption liquid between the generator and the absorber comprising a riser conduitcommunn cating with the said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber,
a-cycle control conduit member commun'icating with said lower chamberat a given level bore, and a conduit connecting said upper and with said riser conduit at a higher. level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said lower chamber at a point between said given level and said higher level, the upwardly extending portion of said last mentioned conduit being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion being of comparatively small bore, and a conduit connecting said upper chamber with said lower chamber I23nd having a portion below said lower cham- 25. Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber and Y connections forming a circuit for flow of ab- 4 l sorption liquid between the generator and the absorber comprising a riserconduit commumcatmg with the said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper cham-.
ber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduitinember comprising a plu- I rality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend toa point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said lower chamber at a point between said given level and said higher level, the upwardly extending portion of said last mentioned conduit being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion having a capillary chamber with said lower chamber and having a portion below said lower. chamber.
26. Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, acondenser, an evaporator and an absorber, sa1d generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber and connections forming a circuit forv flow of absorption liquid between the generator andthe absorber comprising a riser conduit ,communicating with the said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper cham-- her, a cycle control conduit 'memberhco m-l municating, with said lower chamber at a. given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising I a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends-and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with p said lower chamber,.and means for conveying liquid from said upper chamber to said lower chamber comprising an intermediate vessel,
7 a conduit extending downwardly from said upper chamber-and-upwardly to said intermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said intermediate vessel and upwardly to said lower chamber, and a conduit extending from within said intermediate vessel upwardly and communicating with the upper part of said upper chamber.
27. Refrigerating apparatus of the absorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber and connections formlng a clrcuit for flow of absorption liquid between the generator and the absorber comprising a riser conduit communicating with the said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper cham- T' ber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit communicating with" said lower chamber at a point above said given level,
and means for conveying'liquid from said upper chamber to said lower chamber comprising an intermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said upper 0113,111
ber and. upwardly to said intermediate Vessel,
a conduit extending downwardly from said intermediate vessel and upwardly to said lower chamber, and a conduit extending from within said intermediate vessel upwardly and communicating with the upper part of said u per chamber; a
28. efrigerating apparatus of the ab-- sorption type having a refrigerant circuit 4 including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower cham- -b'er and connections forming a" circuit for flow of absorption liquid between the generator and the absorber comprising a riser conduit communicatin with the said lower chamber and extendlng upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by' upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower :chamber,
the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a 5' 'point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said lower chamber at a point between said 'venlevel and said higher level, and'means or conveyingliquid from said upper chamber to said lower chamber comprising 'an intermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said upper chamber and upwardly to saidintermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said intermediate vessel and upwardly to said lower chamber, and a conduit extending from within said intermediate vessel upwardly and communicating with the upper part of said upper chamber. 29. Refrigerating apparatus of the "ab- I sorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator comprising an upper chamber and a lower chamber, and connections forming a circuit for flow of absorption liquid between the generator and the absorber comprising a riser conduit communicating with the said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit member communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower'return bends and a conduit connecting an upper return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit extending upwardly from said return bend to a point above said higher level and thence downwardly to communicate with said lower chamber at a point between said given level .and said higher level, the upwardly extending portion of said last mentioned conduit 0 being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion being of comcommunicating with the upper part of said upper chamber.
' 30. Refrigerating apparatus of the ab- 1 5 sorption type having a refrigerant circuit including a generator, a condenser, an evaporator and an absorber, said generator'com-= prising an upper'chamber and a lower chamber and connections forming a circuit for flow of absorption liquid between the generator and the absorber comprising a riser conduit communicating with the said lower chamber and extending upwardly above said upper chamber, a cycle control conduit mem- 5 ber communicating with said lower chamber at a given level and with said riser conduit at a higher level, said conduit member comprising a plurality of vertical legs connected in series by upper and lower return bends and a conduit connecting an upper. return bend with said lower chamber, the last mentioned conduit. extending upwardly from said re- .tioned conduit being of comparatively large bore and the downwardly extending portion having a capillary bore, and means for conveying liquid from said upper chamber to during periods of pressure equalization and said lower chamber comprising an intermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said upper chamber and upwardly to said intermediate vessel, a conduit extending downwardly from said intermediate vessel and upwardly to said lower chamber, and a conduit extending from within said intermediate vessel upwardly and communicating with the upper part of said upper chamber.
31. In a refrigerating apparatus, an upper chamber, a lower chamber,- means for periodically producing a'higher pressure in said lower chamber than in said upper chamber, and means for conducting liquid by gravity flow from said upper chamber to said lower chamber during periods of pressure equalization and for periodically forming a column of liquid extending above said upper chamber to balance the higher pressure periodically produced in said lower chamber, said last mentioned means comprising a first conduit extending from said upper chamber to said lower chamber and asecond conduit communicating with an intermediate point in said first conduit and extending above said upper chamber.
32. In a refrigerating apparatus, an upper chamber for containing a body of liquid, a lower chamber, means for periodically producing a higher pressure in said lower chamber than in said upper chamber, and means for conducting liquid by gravity flow from said upper chamber to said lower chamber during-periods of pressure equalization and for periodically forming a column of liquid extending above the level of the liquid in said upper chamber to balance the higher pressure periodically produced in said lower chamber,
said last mentioned means comprising a first conduit extending from below the liquid level in said upper chamber to said lower chamber and a second conduit communicating with an intermediate point in said first conduit and extending above the'level of the liquid in said upper chamber.
.33. In'a refrigerating apparatus, an upper chamber for containing a body of liquid, a lower chamber, means for periodically producing a higher pressure in said lower cham v ber than in said upper chamber, and means avity flow from for conducting liquid by sald upper chamber to said lower chamber for periodically forming a column of liquid I extending above the level of the liquid in said upper chamber to balance the higher pressure periodically produced in said lower chamber, said last mentioned means comprising a first conduit extending from below the liquid level in said upper chamber to said lower chamber and a second conduit communicating with an intermediate point in said first conduit and communicating with said upper chamber above the level of the liquid contained therein.
for periodically forming a column of liquid extending above the level of the liquid in said upper chamber to balance the higherpressure periodically produced in said lower chamber, said last mentioned means comprising an intermediate vessel, a conduit communicating with said upper chamber and extending downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with said intermediate vessel,.
a conduit communicating with said intermediate chamber and extending downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with said lower chambeigand a conduit communicating with said intermediate vessel and extending upwardly to a point above the level of the liquid in said upper chamber.
35. In a refrigerating apparatus, an upper chamber for containing a body of liquid, a lower chamber, means for periodically producinga higher pressure in saidlower chamber than in said upper chamber, and means for conducting liquid by gravity flow from said'upper chamber to said lower chamber during periods of pressure equalization and for periodically'forming a column of liquid extending above the level of the liquid in said upper chamber to balance the higher pressure periodically produced in said lower chamber, said last mentioned means comprising an intermediate vessel, a conduit communicating with said upper chamber and .extending downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with said intermediate vessel, a conduit communicating with said intermediate chamber and extending downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with said lower chamber, and a conduit communicating with said intermediate vessel and with said upper chamber above the level of the liquid contained therein. 5
36; In a refrlgerating apparatus, an upper chamber for containing a body of liquid, a
lower chamber, means for periodically producing a higher pressure in said lower chamber than in said upper chamber, and means 1 for conducting liquid by gravity flow from said upper chamber to said lower chamber during periods of pressure equalization and for periodically forming a column of liquid extending above the level of the liquid in said upper chamber to balance the higher pressure periodically produced in said lower chamber, said last mentioned means comprising an intermediate vessel, a conduit communicating with said upper chamber and extending downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with said intermediate vessel, a conduit communicating with said interme diate chamber and extending downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with said lower chamber, both of the two last mentioned conduits being wholly below the level of the liquid in said upper chamber, and a conduit communicating withsaid .intermediate vessel and extending upwardly to a point above the level of the liquid in said Y upper chamber.
37. In a refrigerating apparatus, an upper chamber for containing a body of liquid, a lower chamber, means forperiodically pro-" ducing a higher pressure in said lower chamber than in said upper chamber, and means for conducting liquid by. gravity 'fiow from said upper chamber to said lower chamber during periods of pressure equalization and for periodically forming a column of liquid extending above the level of the liquid in said I upper chamber to balance the higher pressure periodically produced in said lower chamber,
said last mentioned means comprising an intel-mediate" vessel, a conduit communicating with said upper chamber and extending downwardly and thence upwardly to communicate with said intermediate vessel, a
conduit communicating with. said intermediate chamber and extendingdownwardlyand thence upwardly to communicate with sald lower chamber, both of the two last mentioned conduits being wholly below the level of the liquid in said upper chamber, and a conduit communicating withsaid intermediate vessel and with said upperchamber i above the level of the liquid contained therein.
' In testimony whereof I hereunto affix my signature. CARL GEQRG MUNTERS.
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2738928A (en) * 1952-09-03 1956-03-20 Lillian B Lieberman Heat exchange system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2738928A (en) * 1952-09-03 1956-03-20 Lillian B Lieberman Heat exchange system

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