US1858910A - Justifier for photographical or other typesetting machines - Google Patents

Description

May 17, 1932. E. UHER, JR 1,858,910

JUSTIFIER FOR PHOTOGRAPHICAL OR OTHER TYPESETTING MACHINES 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed March 14, 1930 hu a/V 2 W 2- E. UHER, JR 1,858,910

JUSTIFIER FOR PHOTOGRAPHIOAL OR OTHER TYPESETTING MACHINES Filed March 14, 1950 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Z MAW; 7?

13y! Mr- Patented may 17, 1932 51D STATES EDMOND UHER, JR., BUDAPEST, HUNGARY, AS SIGNOR 1'0 UHERTYPE AKTIEN- GESELLSCHAFT, 0F GLARUS, SWITZERLAND- J'USTIFIER FOR PHOTOGRAPHICAL OR OTHER TYPESETTING MACHINES Application filed March 14, 1930, Serial No. 435,917, and in Germany March 18, 1929.

The invention relates to a justifier for type setting machines, especially photograph cal type setting machines, and has for its 0b e ct to 'allow the remainder of line not filled 1n by types to be equally distributed'among all the word spaces occurring in a line whatever be the number of such word spaces. Another object of the invention is to obtain said equal distribution of said remainder of line without any reckoning or computation by merely mechanical means. A further object of the invention is to allow type setting to be continuously performed. A still further object of the invention is to provide a justifier adapted for use in connection with a photographical type setting machine, 'ustlfication of each line set type by type eing effected before the line is brought to photographic exposition. All these objects have been attained by a novel construction giving at the same time full satisfaction as regards exactness, rapidity and reliability of operation. In the justifier according to the invention, the word spaces are counted while setting of a line proceeds, and as soon as the settin of a line is accomplished, the remainder of 'no i. e. that portion which is not filled ,in by types, is taken up and simultaneously d1- vided or reduced in a proportion correspond ing to the number of word spaces occurring in the same line. This reduced length of the remainder of line is then added to each of the normal word spaces to which a certain minimum length has originally been allotted.

When the justifier according to the invention is to be used in connection with a photographical type setting machine, the latter will be so constructed that photographic exposition of the types will lag behind composition to the extent of a whole line, the remainder of line being determined, reduced and fixed as soon as composition of a line is accomplished in order to be added to each of the word spaces in the subsequent photographic exposition of the typesof the same lines I A practical embodiment of the invention adapted for use in connection with photographical type setting machines is diagramposition and in connection with the control mechanism.

The indicator slide 3 gliding in the guides 1 and fitted with a soft iron bar 2 is displaced step by step in the direction shown by the arrow it being alternately carried along type by type by the electromagnet 5 on the reciprocating slide 4 and held fast in its new position by the fixed magnet 6. Accordingly the distance to the extent of which the slide 3 has been moved forward indicates what length of line has been covered up to the moment in question. The initial osition shown in broken lines of slide 3 is p aced lower and lower in proportion to the length of line which has to be set and is adjusted when beginning to work by correspondingly displacing stop 7 on which a scale is provided and making this stop fast by means of lever 8 of an inner key.

Arrival within the range of the longest permissible remainder of line is signalized to the type setter by bell 9 the circuit of which is closed as soon as peg 10 carried by slide I 3 touches lever 11. The latter is pivoted at 12 on slide 14 which is displaced forwards when beginning to work in guides 15 to an extent corresponding to the grade of type chosen and made fast by means of lever 16 of an inner key. Lever 11 has a return spring 13 and permits slide 3 to progress, if necessar even to the end of the line.

pposite to the indicator slide 3, the slide 19 gliding in frame 17 and provided with return sprmg 18 is situated. As soon as the setting of a line is finished, slide 19 is pushed forward so as to make it abut against the indicator slide 3 which gradually rogresses in proportion to the line setting, t 1e line remainder existing at any time being thus taken up by indicator slide 3 in the form of a stroke. t the same time the line-remainder taken up by slide 19 is transmitted to another slide 20 which is parallel to slide 19. Slide 20 is provided with return spring 21 and can be temporarily fixed in any position desired byaneans of lever 22. The ratio of transmission from slide 19 to slide 20 is such as to ensure that the stroke of the latter represents exactly such fraction of the line remainder as is sought for the purpose of justification.

Slide 3 may be pushed back without delay into the initial position for the purpose of covering by steps the next line. Whilst the necessary steps are made for covering the new line t pe by type on the indicator slide 3, the ormer line is being exposed type by type, preferably under the control of a register, for instance of a strip containing a number of perforations in succession or the like, which is prepared for use while setting of the former line proceeds. During this time, slide 20 remains in the position corresponding to the former line, and the length by which the word spaces of the line under exposure are. to be widened, which word spaces have originally been set at the minimum width, may be derived for instance in the form of strokes of a slide 23 or the like beingllimited by the slide 20 in order to make use t ereof for the purpose of a correspond ing linear displacement of the li ht sensitive plate, in addition to the disp acements correspondin to a word space. For this purpose the s ide 20 is inserted in the mechanism as a variable stroke limiting device of the conveyer or carrier of the light-sensitive late instead of an invariable stroke limiting device.

The problem of correctly dividing the remainder of line in each case is solved by means of an adjustable transmission device, by means of which the forward strokes of the receiving slide 19 are transmitted to the transmitter slide 20. This is, in view of the fact of the slide movements being rectilinear, effected in the simplest way by means of lever 24 which crosses the two slides 19, 20, is pivoted at 25 outside these slides, and is connected with the two slides 19, 20, by means of roller 26 on slide 20 and stop 28 on slide 19 which latter acts on a roller 27 mounted on the end of lever 24. The pivot 25 of lever 24 is carried by a transverse slide 29. Stop 28 and the left-hand half of lever 24 are made parallel to the direction of reciprocating of the transverse slide 29 so that it becomes possible to displace lever 24. without altering its transverse position, in the transverse direction, after the connection with the two slides 19, 20 has ceased. In the position of restshown in the upper part of Fig. 1 roller 26 halves the effective length of lever 24 so that if slide 19 is pushed towards slide 3 this is quite suflicient for the correct adjustment of slide 20, as long as two word spaces only are to be enlarged.

This device is further developed so as to enable it to be used for a plurality of word spaces and a corresponding sub-division of the line remainder. This is done in the following manner: Slide 32 is mounted in the guides 30, 31, the spring 33 tending to pull the same back in the direction opposite to that of the arrow. Slide 32 is advanced in the direction shown by the arrow by means of a ratchet mechanism, consisting of pawls 34, 35, levers 36, 37, linked to these pawls, and of two electromagnets 38, 39. The latter are energized whenever in the course of ad'- vancing of the indicator slide 3 the word space key is depressed, and the ratchet mechanism is adjusted in such a way that each excitation of the magnets 38, 39 causes slide 32 to advance in the direction of'the arrow exactly by one tooth 40. It may therefore be said that slide 32 represents a counter of word spaces.

A portion 41 of the left-hand border of the counter slide 32 is formed as a stepped cam, the steps having the same pitch as the ratchet teeth 40. This cam cooperates as a has been pushed downwards, i. e. the more word spaces have occurred in the line in question. Any advance of the transverse slide 29 is equivalent to a deplacement of the pivot 25 of the transmision lever 24 i. e. to a diminution of the stroke which is transmitted from the receiving slide 19 ,to the transmitting slide 20, slide 19, too, being pushed in the direction of its arrow, whenever the end of a line is reached. The proper dimensioning of the steps of cam 41 in conjunction with the uniform tooth pitch 40 therefore results in the required adjustment of the transmission lever 24 and thus in the exact subdivision of the line remainder taken up in each case.

Fig. 4 shows the device in a line end position with subdivision of the line remainder obtained. Each of the two slides 19, 29 is advanced by the piston of a compretsed air cylinder 43, 44 (Fig. 4), compressed air being admitted to the air cylinders during the whole length of their stroke, the advantages hereby obtained being uniform speeds of the slides, soft, quiet and bufi'ered running, as vlvell as sensitive adjustment and easy contro The automatic control is obtained in the followingmanner. Fixedontheperma-nently rotating shaft 45 is a clutch member 46, while the loose clutch member 46' together with a worm 48 is carried by the slide bar 49. When the line end key is depressed, fixed magnet 50 becomes energized and attracts the slide bar 49 by means of armature 51 against the action of the compression spring 52 from the position of rest shown in 1 Fig. 4 into the position shown on larger scale in Fig. 2 so that clutch 46, 46' .is thrown in and the single-tooth disc 47 is disengaged from disc 47. In this position shaft 45 causes worm 48 to rotate. The latter meshes with a worm-wheel 53 in shaft 54 so that this shaft is also rotated. After one revolution, the tooth of disc 47 snaps back into the recess of the fixed counterdisc 46, i. e. into the position of rest shown in Fig. 4, in which the coupling 46, 46' is disconnected and the parts 46', 48, 53 and 54 come to a standstill. The excitation of magnet 50 accordingly results in a single revolution of shaft 54. On this latter sit cams 55-58 which govern lever 22 beside governing the various compressed air conduits departing from the slide-valve casin mounted on the bedplate 59. The cams 5558 are individually adjustable.

The method of operation of the device described is now clearly apparent. All that is required is to adjust once by hand on the slides 3 and 14 the length of line and the largest permissible line remainder respectively, and as soon as this has been done, work can be begun forthwith. Bell 9 gives the signal from which point onward type setting has to be brought to a line end within the maximum line remainder'chosen. The manual work of the type-setter is confined to operate a typewriter-like keyboard which has a line end key and a word space key also, and is directly accompanied by the type-correct advancing of the indicator slide 3 and of the preparation of the register referred to above. Effective photographic exposition follows automatically. with a lag to the extent of one line, after the enlargements of word spaces necessary for justification have been automatically established by depressin the line end key.

After the completion of each line, all parts .return into the initial positions necessary for a new operation, without any measures having to be taken for this purpose. The backward strokes are imparted to the slides 19, 20, Q9 and 32 automatically through springs suitably arranged for this purpose.

The two magnets 38, 39, are by magnet 50 so.

controlled that after the completion of a line both pawls 34, 35, are lifted so as to release the counter slide 32 for the backward stroke. It is only slide 3 which must be pushed back into the initial position, directly by hand or by means of an extra key, at the end of each line, in a way similar to that. usual for the paper slide of a typewriter. Stops 7, 11 are given permanent adjustments.

Various changes in the construction and arrangement of the parts herein shown and described may be employed without departing from the spirit of my invention as disclosed in the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent 1s:

1 A justifier for type setting machines, comprising a slide adapted to be displaced in a straight line so as to take up the remainder of line in the form of its stroke, a second slide parallel withthe former and adapted to temporarily be fixed in any position, means for transmitting at a variable reducing ratio acam surface adapted to control the transmission ratio between the latter.

2. In a justifier as claimed in claim 1, an adjustable stop cooperating with the firstmentioned slide so as to travel by steps towards the latter in the proportion of the line being filled in and in a direction opposite to the strokes transmitted from the first-mentioned slide to the second slide, and automatic means for displacing the counter of word spaces by equal steps whenever said stop is advanced .by a step corresponding to a. word space.

3. A justifier as claimed in claim 1, in which both slides have straightguides parallel with each other, and the means for transmitting unidirectional strokes of the firstmentioned slide to the second slide comprises a lever pivoted outside of, and extending across, both slides, and one-way conveying connections between the first-mentioned slide and said lever as well as between said lever and the second slide.

4. A justifier as claimed in claim 1, in which the means for transmitting unidirectional strokes of the first-mentioned slide to the second slide consists of a transverse slide the strokes of which are limited in length by the camsurface of the counter of word spaces, a lever pivoted on said transverse slide at a distance from, and extending across. both the first-mentioned and the second slides, and a one-way conveying connection between said lever and both the firstmentioned and the second slides.

5. A justifier as claimed in claim 1, in which the means for transmitting unidirectional strokes of the first-mentioned slide to the second slide consists of a transverse slide the strokes of which are limited in length by the cam surface of the counter of word spaces, a lever pivoted on said transverse slide at a distance from, and extending across, both the first-mentioned and the second slides, and a one-way conveying connection between said lever and both the firstmentioned and the second slide, the effectivelength of said lever being bisected in the position of rest of the transverse slide by the point of connection between said lever and the second slide, and said lever being so formed as to be capable of transverse displacement without any action upon the slides connected therewith.

6. A justifier for type setting machines, comprising a slide adapted to be displaced in a straight line so as to take up the remainder of line in the form of its stroke, a second slide parallel with the former and adapted to temporarily be fixed in any position, a transverse slide carrying means for transmit- 2o ting at a variable reducing ratio unidirectional strokes of the first-mentioned slide to said second, slide; and two compressed air cylinders each having a piston running under full-time admission to act at predetermined intervals upon the first-mentioned slide and said transverse slide respectively.

7. In a jiistifier as claimed in claim 6, a mechanism for controlling the admission of air into the cylinders, comprising a rotatable shaft, means for bringing said shaft in rotation whenever the setting of a line is accomplished, and means for limiting each rotation of said shaft to one revolution.

8. A justifier for type setting machines,

comprising a slide adapted to be displaced in a straight line so as to take up the remainder of line in the form of its stroke, a second. slide adapted to be moved simultaneously and parallelly with the former, means for temporarily fixing said second slide in any position, a transverse slide carrying means for transmitting at a variable reducing ratio unidirectional strokes *of the first-mentioned slide to said second slide; two compression air cylinders each having a piston running under full-time admission to act at predetermined intervals upon the first-mentioned slide and said transverse slide, and a mechanism controlling the admission of air into said cylinders as Well as the operation of said means for fixing said second slide, said mechanism comprising a rotatable shaft, means for bringing said shaft in rotation whenever the setting of a line is accomplished,

and means for limiting each rotation of said shaft to one revolution.

9. A ustifier tor type setting machines comprising a slide adapted to .be displaced from an inoperative position to an operative position to take up the remainder of the line in the form of its stroke, a second slide adapted to be temporarily fixed in any position, and means interposed between said slides for transmitting at a variable reducing ratio the strokes of the first mentioned slide to the second slide, said means being operative to displace the second slide in one direction only, so as to enable the first mentioned slide to be restored to its inoperative position without returning the second slide.

10. A justifier for type settingmachines comprising a slide adapted to be displaced from an inoperative position to an operative position to take up the remainder of the line in the form otits stroke, a movable stop arranged so as to be capable of limiting the stroke of said slide and movable step by step towards the slide to limit the stroke thereof in proportion to the amount of the line filled up, a second slide, parallel to the first mentioned slide, adapted to be temporarily fixed in any position, and means interposed between said slides for transmitting at a variable reducing ratio the strokes of the first mentioned slide to the second slide, said means being operative to displace the second slide in one direction only, so as to enable the first mentioned slide to be restored to its inoperative position without returning the second slide.

11. A justifier for type setting machines comprising a slide adapted to be displaced from an inoperative position to an operative position to take up the remainer of the line in the form of its stroke, a second slide adapted to be temporarily fixed in any position, means interposed between said slidesfor transmitting at a variable reducing ratio the strokes of the first mentioned slide to the second. slide, said means being operative to displace the second slide in one direction only, so as to enable the first mentioned slide to be restored to its inoperative position Without returning the second slide. and means for controlling the reducing ratio of the said means, including a cam member movable step by step in proportion, to the number of spaces to be justified.

12. A justifier for photographical type setting machines with a sensitive receiving surface displaced step by step, comprising a slide adapted to be displaced from an inoperative position to an operative position to take up the remainder of the line in the form of its stroke, a second slide adapted to be temporarily fixed in any position, means interposed between said slides for transmitting at a variable reducing ratio the strokes of the first mentioned slide to the second slide, said means being operative to displace the second slide in one direction only, so as to enable the first mentioned slide to be restored to its inoperative position without returning the second slide and a projection on the second slide to act as a variable abutment for limiting the movement of said sensitive receiving surface. In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

EDMOND UHER, JR.

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