US1857471A - Boiler structure - Google Patents

Description

y 10, 1932- J. P. MORLEY ET AL 1,857,471

BQILER STRUCTURE Filed Aug. 30. 1928 8 Sheets-Sheet l May 10, 1932. J. P. MORLEY ETAL BOILER STRUCTURE Filed 50, 1928 8 jzets-7S}eet 2 w ,r

J. P. MORLEY ET AL BOILER STRUCTURE May 10, 1932.

Filed Aug. 30. 1928 8 Sheets-Sheet y 1931 J. P. MORLEY ETAL. 1,857,471

BOILER STRUCTURE F'ilad Aug. 30. 1928 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 M 27 27 r 2a" 2% 43 44 J W,

BOILER STRUCTURE Filed Aug. 30, 1928 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 J9 Z ya Z7 'Zfl (i .6 V f 1g? 4/) 4 E U f m L? m a m J i 1; E; a a a a (f) w ggggg g n mqmmmmwm 5,

J. P. MORLEY ETAL BOILER STRUCTURE Filed Aug. 30. 192B 8 Sheets-sheaf. 6

III/1 "IIII I I I I a w May 10, 1932.

May 10, 1932.

J. P. MORLE Y ETAL BOILER STRUCTURE Filed Aug. 30, 1928 8 Sheets-Sheet 7 May 10, 1932. J. P. MORLEY ETAL BOILER STRUCTURE Filed Aug. 30, 1928 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 r\ E EdL E EC &

, A paratus inclu ing a plurality of spaced Patented May 10, 1932 UNITED STATES,

PATENT. OFFICE JAMES PATRIOK'MORLE'Y, OF MICHIGAN CITY, AND SIMON JOSEPH 12017330, 0! LA FORTE, INDIANA, ABSIGNOR T0 BASTIAN-MORLEY COMPANY, 01 LA. IOB'IE,

INDIANA, A CORPORATION OF INDIANA 3mm smucruaa Application filed August so, was; Serial No. acs,e4o.-

Our invention relates generally to liquid heating apparatus and has to do particularly with sectional boiler structure for use in connection with hot water heating systems, vapor systems, steam generating systems, etc., for

heating buildings and othersilnilar purposes;

One of the objects of our invention is to provide a simple, compact, hi hly eflicient and inexpensive structure of the fore oing character which includes a plurality o sep arated water-containing and circulating units so arranged that products of combustion are caused to pass along in contact with the same in such a way'as to provide for a most ra id and eifective heating of the water in a m nimum length of time with a minimum of loss of the heat units fired.

Another ob'ect is to provide a heating ag- 111 containing sections which are formed of a metal having a high co-eflicient of thermalconductivity and which are so constructed and arranged relative to each other that generally vertical but tortuous gas-travel passages are formed therebetween whereby the gases of combustion passing through such passa es areagi tated and (o-mingled to insure fiat all gases withinthe gastravel and heabtransfer areas will be hot and fully effective;

Still anotherfobject is to provide gas-agitating means adapted to prevent the formation of cold, dead, inert and non circu'lating gas films along "the heat-transfer surfaces within the gas-travel areas thereby eliminatin insulation oftheheat transfer surfaces an d, consequently, aiding in the transfer of a maximum amount ofheat units through the heat-transfer surfaces. v

A further and more specific object is to provide the exterior wall surfaces of some or all of the water-containin sections with asdeflecting devices wh'ic when the sections are assembled, extend horizontally intothe as travel areas and serve to agitate and deect the upwardly'flowing gases of combustion and such devices are also formed of a metal of high thermal-conductivity-and they increase the area of the heat-transfer surface along which the gases of combustion flow to objects such an extent that a greater (and approximately the maximum number of heat units in suc products are a 'sorbed by such devices and the section walls and transferred therethrou h to the water within the sections so quickly and is caused each section in staggered re ation whereby,

when two sections are assembled 'fide by si e 1n the intended spaced relation, the deflecting devices on each wall will not only assume a staggered relation with respect to each other but also to the devices on the op osite wall and no two of the directl oppose devices on the opposed walls will he in the same horizontal plane. In furthercarrying out the of our invention, the deflecting and heat-transferring devices on each section wall are of such length and so spaced vertically and laterally that when the sections are assembled small vertical flue spaces are provided between the adjacent free ends of the devices? on the op osed walls and similar spaces are provided betweenthe devices on the same wall'so that there is no objectionable restriction to the general upward flow of the gases of combustion. The gas-deflecting devices are also so arran d that the hot gases of combustion are de ected laterally against the walls of the fluid-*containing section's thereby insuring greater heating 'cflicien'c-y from the heat units fired. 7

Another ob'ect is to provide for a sulficiently rapi circulation of the water through the sections to maintain the desired temperature-(1i fi'erence between the heat-exposed wall surfaces and the water-bearing cy of the structure,

Still another object is to provide highly efficient means for insulating the heating apparatus to conserve the heat and to maintain the water ip its heated condition over long periods of t me, and to, at the same time, insure against external influences ali'ecting the heating functions of the structure as a whole. To this end," the assembled water-containing sections are ;enclosed as a unit and dead-air spaces are provided around their exterior wall surfaces; and to simplify and cheapcn the structure the exteriorly-exposed section surfaces are formed to provide in conjunction with an outer covering, t1e foregoing dead-air spaces. This feature of our invention provides also for the mounting of the heating a paratus in small and confined spaces without danger of overheating adjacent wall surfaces and other objects.

A further obj act is toprovide a novel form of means for sealing the end spaces between the several. sections, such means being selfsupporting and easily detachable for readily inspectin and cleaning. the gastravel spaces between t e sections.

Additional objects are to provide a relatively large heat-transferring surface within a small gas-travel area to provide for heating the water to the desired temperature in a single traverse through a relatively short water-traverse space; to rovide a sectional boiler structure wherein the parts are so constructed and arranged that they may be easily and quickly assembled and disassembled; to provide a unitar structure, the capacity of which may be rea ily varied by the addition or removal of sections; to insure a long life for the boiler sections by eliminating insulating, and other, conditions which might tend to cause them to burn-out and to provide for a minimum of fuel consumption with Jnaximum benefit derived from the fuel fired whereby operating costs are reduced to a minimum.

Other objects and advantages have to do with details of construction and arrangement of parts which will become obvious as'this description progressesand by reference to the drawings, wherein,--

Figure 1 is a front elevational view of a preferred form of water heating apparatus embodying our invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged separated elevational view of one of the end water-containing sections and showing the inner face thereof;

Fig. 3 'is a separatedelevational view of an intermediate water-containing section, the heat-transfer and deflecting projections on one wall being shown in full lines and part of the rojections on the other wall heing shown in otted lines to more clearly illustrate the relative positions of these. projections on the op 'tewalls of such section;

' ig. 4 is'an enlar d vertical sectiontak'en transversely throug the lower part of the structure of Fig. 1 at substantially the position indicated at line 4-4 of Fig. 10; the upper portion of the structure being cut away for convenience in illustration;

5 is an enlarged front view, partially in section, of the assemble'dsections in their separated relation, the covering-shell and 0t ier parts being removed;

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken substantially on line 6() of Fig. 5 and showing the relative positions of the projections on the opposed wall surfaces of the sections;

Fig. 7 is a horizontal section taken beneath the water-containing sections, and above the burner units, substantially at a position indicated by line. 7-7 of Fig. 10;

Fig. 8 is an enlar ed horizontal section Ehrough the mid-portion of the structure of Fig. 9 is a detail sectional view taken sub stantially on line 99 of Fi 8 and illustrating the position of and the mounting the plates for sealing the end spaces between the sections;

Fig. 10 is a vertical section taken substantially at'a position indicated by line 10-10 ofFig.8;and

Fig. 11 is an enlarged sectional view through theburner structure and its support taken substantially on line 11-11 of Fig. 10.

The structure which we have chosen to illustrate our invention is gasfired and is adapted for use in connection with a househeatin system. It includes a rectangularly shapeafouter shell 15 (Fi 's. 1 and 8) which is formed, preferably, 0 four sections 15 front), 15' (rear), 15" (end) and 15 (end)- astened together as a rigid unit by corner angle-straps 16. A flue structure 17, including the flue discharge pipe 18, is supported by the u per edges ,of the shell sections.

The s ell 15 encloses the water heating and circulating apparatus which includes a pluraliiy of detachable water-containing sections igs.4, 7 and 8). In the form shown, we employ six sections, two of which are end sections 19, 20 an the remainder intermedi-' ate sections 21, 22, 23-and 24, As will become obvious hereinafter the number of intermedi ate sections may be varied to vary the capacity of the apparatus.

These sections are mounted vertically side by side inspaced relation (Figs. 4, 5, and8) providing so-called gas-travel passages or flues therebetween. The end sections 19, 20 extend from the floor, or other supporting surface, to the flue structure and serve to support the entire apparatus as will be described ater. All of the sections are 'liollow to rovide waterspaces and the lower parts 0 the manner of end sections are shaped to form hollow water k legs 193,20 (Figs. *1 and 5). These water leg portions form the ends of acombustion chamber 25. These ends'ections' are provided with internal webs 26' which add suflicient scribed strength to such sections as to render them capable of withstanding the pressure of the water, as well as the expansion and contraction conditions, without distortion and other detrimental eiiects. 'lh ese webs are so located that they do not obstruct the desired free circulatory action of the water and ready draining of the sections.

The intermediate sections are shorter than the end sections and their bottoms terminate,

preferably, in the plane of the upper portions of the end section water legs 19, 20 so that such bottom portions define the top of the combustion chamber 25. These intermediate sections are each provided with strengthensections. i

Each of the sections 19. to 24, inclusive, is provided at the bottom portion with a simiarly shaped and located hollow cylindrical and opcn=ended boss 27, the opposed faces of which are extended to form reduced annular shoulders 28, 28 which are adapted to receive one end of a connection-support nipple or bushing 29 (F gs. 5 and 6). The top front portions of the sections are provided with bosses and shoulders 39, 40 and 40 similar to the lower bosses and shoulders 27, 28. and 28 inc; webs 26 similar to the webs 26 of the 0nd "respectively, and they are adapted to also receive.connection-support nipples similar to the nipples 29. When the sections are asscmbled (Figs. 4 and 5) the shoulders 28 and 28' of the lower bosses and the shoulders 40 and 40' of the upper bosses are, preferably,

brought together in abutting relation. The

nipples or bush ngs 29 are barrel-shaped so that when the sections areso brought toge her a fluid-tight flow connection is established at the top and bottom between adjacent sections. The right hand end section (lookingat Fig. 1) is provided at the rear with an inlet 65 and theother end section is provided with a service outlet 66 so that the water, or other fluid takes a'gener'ally upward circulatory course from the inlet through the sections to the outlet. The bosses and shoulders at the topand' bottom of the sections serve to space the sections to a prede termined extent to form the gas-travel passages therebetween and they. together with the nipples 29 serve to supportthe intermediate sections as will. now be more fully do The end sections top and bottom edges w th bifurcate lugs 30, 31 and 32 and a reinforced boss 33 having an opening therethrough (Figs. 2, 7. and 10).

These lugs and bosses are adapted to receive the ends of tierods 35, 86, 37 and 38 which are long enough to extend from one end sec tion to the other. These rodsmay be of ordi nary construction having a head at one end and threads at the other end to receive a nut {56" (Figs. 7 and'S The sections are adusted to and held'in the relation shown in are each provided at their the drawin s by applying the tie rods as described an by tightening the nuts 36'. It willbc understood that while we preferably arrange the adjacent sections so that the respective boss shoulders 28, 28', 40, add 40.

abut each other for increased rigidity and support, yet they may be spaced apart to form larger gas-travel passages witl'iout departing from our invention. i

The opposite walls of each intermediate section are provided with a plurality of l1orizontal rows of spaced integral projections 41, 41 which. are rectangularly-sbaped in outline and which taper in thickness from the section-wall surface to their free ends. When the sections are assembled asa unit, these projections project horizontally within the gas-travel passages formed between the sec tions and serve toincrease the heat-absorbing and transferring surface as well as to co- .mingle the gasesof combustion in the gas travel passage in such a manner as to increase *the heating eiiiciency of such gases as will be of such-length that when two intermediate sections arebrou ht together (Figs. 3. 4, '5. and 8) the projec ions on the opposed faces do not extend far enough to project ent rely to or beyond the vertical plane in which the free edges of the projections on the opposed section "wallslie. We have found in practice that excellent results may be obtained by spacing the opposed free ends of these projections approximately ,41 inch apart. We have also found that excellent results mav be obtained bv sim-ilarlv spacingthe side edges of the staggered project-ions on the same section wall surface as ind cated at B (Fig. 8). Such. spacing provides a pluralitv of vertical flue spaces B between'the projections onthe same section wall and a vertical flue space A (Fig. 8) between the ends of nroiections on onnosed faces substantiallv 14; inch in width in both instances. It is to be understood that The and sections are provided with projecti'ons 42 and 42" corresponding respectively to the projections 41 an 41 on the intermediate sections. The projections on the righthand end section 20 (looking at Figs. 4 and 5) are arranged similarly (in staggered relation to each other) to the projections 41* on the intermediate sections and the projections 42 on the left-hand end section are arranged similarly to the pro'ections 41 on the intermediate section; an when the end sections are brought together in the proper relation ship to the intermediate sections (Figs. 4 and 5), the projections on the opposed section faces of each end section and the adjacent in: termediate section assume a staggered posi- "tion verticall and laterally as explained in connection with the opposed faces of two intermediate sections. lVith such an arrangewent, all of the intermediate sections may be of similar construction and interchangeable thereby reatly facilitating addition and removal 0 sections to vary the capacity of the apparatus. The tie rod arrangement, as Well as the mode of supporting the intermediate,

sections, also facilitates the handling of the sections for replacement, repair, etc., purposes. I

The bottom 'ortions of the intermediate sections are we ge shaped, being ta cred inwardly as at 43, 44 so that, when he inter mediate sections are placed side by side, flared throats or entrances 44 leading to the gas travel passages between the sections are provided. The inner wall surface of the end sections adjacent the top of the. Water- leg portions 19, 20", and in alignment with the tapered surfaces 43, 44 of the intermediate sections. are tapered in opposite directions so that they form with the adjacent interme diate sections flared throats or entrances 44* similar to those between the intermediate sections. These throats srve to initially receive and direct the hot gases of combustion into the gas-travel passages between the sections as will be obvious from Fig. 4. Due to the arrangement of the projections 41 41, 42 and 42 on the section walls, the'gases entering and flowing upwardly through the gastravel spaces between the sections are caused to take a tortuous ath, such gases being deflected laterally 0t the passage between the sections as well as in an endwise direction so that all gases passing through the space between the sections are co-mingled and ke t in motion to prevent the formation of coo inert, non-circulating and insulating gas films at any point along the surface of the sections.

If the projections were not arran ed in the manner above described so as to car a vertical and lateral staggered relation with respect to the projections on one face as well as the projections on the opposed face, there would be a tendency for the gases traveling upwardly under the influence of the draft in the flue structure to take the easiest vertical path and to by-pass the inner corner surfaces on the both sides of the projections. If

the gases were permitted to by-pass these inner corner spaces, cool, dead, and inert gas films and ockets would be formed at that point which would tend to insulate the adjacent section surface against the oncoming letter gases and the heat from such gases would be substantially all lost. Our inven tion rovides against such a condition. Speci cally, by reference to Figs. 4, 5, '6, and 8, it will be seen that, with our staggered arrangement of the projections, the gases in passing upwardly are deflected laterally in a plurality of directions and directly into the inner corner spaces indicated at C so that the gases at that point (and throughout the gastravel passages) are alwa s in motion and are active hot gases, and all benefit of the heat thereof may be received by a transfer of the same through the projections and the section wall to the water therein. The lateral spacing between the projections on the same section wall and between the ends of the sections on opposed walls provide for the desired freedom in the upward circulation action. Furthermore, .these re'ctangularly sha ed projections, in deflecting the gases latera ly, cause such gases to strike directly against the vertical wall spaces of the sections between the projections whereby a greater number of the heat units fired are transferred directly through the section walls and the heating elliciency of the structure is greatly increased.

In addition to the foregoing functions of the projections 41, 41, 42 and 42, they also greatly increase the heat-exposed wall area of the sections whereby an exceedingly high percentage of the heat units in the products of combustion are absorbed and transferred to the fluid within the sections. Thus, the fluid within the sections is heated rapidly causing a rapid circulation of the fluid, and, as'will be well understood, this rapid circulation tends to maintain the fluid-contacted surfaces of the sections at.a relatively low temperature as compared to the temperature of the outer surfaces thereof. As a result of the maintenance of this proper temperature difl'crcnce, the transfer of heat through the projections and the section wall surfaces is uniform and rapid thereby aiding in the absorption of a high percentage of the heat units contained in the products of combustion. The rapid circulatory action and the maintenance of this temperature difference prevents the formation of lime deposits, bubbles, etc., along the heat-transferring surfaces and eliminates other insulating conditions whereby the heat transferring action is such as to prevent overheating and burning out of the heat-exposed surfaces. As further results of this arrangement, the fluid is heated to substantially the desired temperature in its single traverse through the boiler structure; and such heating is accomplished with a minimum of fuel loss and, conseguently at a lower operating cost than in evices heretofore use Any desired form of fuel ma. be employed for heating f'purposes, In the i lustrated embodiment our inventiom we have shown an arrangement wherein gas is, used as the fuel.

Specifi callyfwe provide the combustion cham her inclusive. The ends of the combustion chamber, as above describedyare formed by the water legs 19, 20 of the end sections and the front and back of the sam'e' are formed by suitable plates and 46 (Fig. 7). Within the combustionchamber, we provide a battery of burners47 ('Figs. ,f 4, 7 and 11), one disposed centrally beneath each of the throats 44 leading between tliesections. Each of these "burners comprises 'a head including three -lon tudinally extending and spaced as distri uting bars47flf47", and 47-each avirig a lurality of gas discharge orifices 48. The urner eads aresupported upon mixture distributors49"whic h extend outno 'munication with the] gas distributing bars wardly through suitable openings in the front plate 45 of'the combustion chamber for conmotion to a gas-distributor manifold 50. The inner end of each mixture distributor 49 is turnedupwardly and-is provided with a slightly ta cred seat 55.- Each burner'head is provide with a central chamber 56 in comand which has an openingb'l on its hinderside adapted to receive the inner tapered end of the distributor 49. The cap of the openh1g5? is shaped complementll'l y to the inner end of the distributor 4930 that the weight of the burner head wedges the same tightly upon the distributor to provide the desired gas-tight joint at'that point (Fig. 11).

The burners are'supported within thecombustion chamber as follows: 'U-blocks 5 1 are formed on the lower surfaces of the end sections (Fig. 10) 'andthe'y receivethe-ends of an invertedchnnnelstrip 5'2. The horizonto! web of the channel strip is provided with 1 aplurality of longitudinal slots (one or each e 58 of a depending projection'54 on the urner-mixture burner) for receiving the ten distributor 49. "The support is completed by the connectionbetween'the outer end of the mixture distributor 49 and the manifold 50,

the manifold being supported by suitable brackets 60 attached to the'front plate 45 oi the combustion chamber (Figs. 7, 8 and 10). To maintain the burners 'inhorizontal alinement upon the mixture distributor seat 55; and to prevent relative rotation of the same, we provide the burner head with a depending lug 58 which extends'between the bifurcated lug 59 on the mixture distributor-49 as clearly illustrated in Figs.;4 andlD. "Equal distri-- bution of the hot gases of combustion is aided by spacing the gas distribliting bars 47, 47",

and 47 a predetermined distance and by s acmg adjacent burners so that the adjacent are located beneath the sections 19 to 24,

projecting webs 79 (Fi 1 extend inwardly tower each other when the thereof assume the some spaced relation as the bars of the same burner as clearly shown in Fig. 7.- In the foregoing manner, the

burners and associated partsare y supported and maintained in a central position 'ordischarging the hot gases of combustion directly into the throats 44 between the sections and thence u wardly through the gastrave'l passagesto e flue structure 17 The supply of gas to the manifold 50 ma becontrolled-in any desired manner (manu ly, electrically, etc.) but we preferably. control the same automatically by the temv erature of the fluid in one ofv the sections. n the drawings, we have illustrated generally such a control, but since this control forms no part of our present invention, we will not show and describe the same in detail. Generally, we ma provide in the supply pipe 9.

pressure regu ator 61 (Fl .1) andan electricall -actu ated device (so enoid or the like) 62 wh ch operates under the influence of the temperature of the water to reduce or entirely cut oil the flow of fuel to the burner as the conditions of operation may require. 'As

shown clearly in Fig. 71 we also employ pilot burners 63 for theusua pur ose, such pilots being under the control of e ectric pilot-control devices 64 which function, as it is well known, in conjunction with the electric device 62 to cut oil the main suppl of gas'to the burners if the pilots 63shou d, for any reason, fail. This arrangement renders the structure fool-proof and safe in operation. It

combustion chamber. These doors may, be

provided with'a plurality. of transparent o enin 15, which tions 0 theconditions within the combustion chamber.

The ends (front and rear) of the orgas-travel passages betweenthe sections are closed to confine the gases of combustion tothe heat-transfer area between the sections. Specifically, we employ at each end of each such space a scalp ate 76 (Fl 8 and 9).

The sections are provided wit up or projecting' webs 77 and 78 and lower aterall.

. '2, 8, and 6) whic sectionsare assembled. "The-ends of the seal platesfifi seat upon these webs toentirely close the end spaces of the sections. The seal plates (Fig. 9) are provided with inwardly extending and downwardly-inclined lugs 76' rmit of casual observa- 1 which are long enough and are so positioned along the plates as to hook over the ad'acent projections 41, 41", 42, and 42" of t e and and intermediate sections'to support the plates. The weight of each of the plates 7 6 1S suflicient to wedge the same inwardly and tightly against the adjacent end surfaces of the sections to seal the plate a ainst such surfaces. This wedging action a so prevents accidental displacement of the plates but, at

the same time, renders them qu1te easily removable without the attachment of any parts such as bolts, nuts", etc.

Another important feature of our invention is the manner of insulating the water-containing sections so as to conserve heat, to maintain the water in its heated condition for maximum period of time and, generally, to prevent outside influences from afl'ectin the functioning of the heatin apparatus an 4 to increase the efliciency of t e apparatus as a whole. In carryin out this feature of our invention, we rovide an insulating jacket and end insulation sections extend from the top to the bottom of the shell. These insulation sections are associated with the adjacent surfaces of the fluid-containing sections in such a way that separated dead air spaces are formed entirely around the exterior, ex

osed walls of the assembled section-unit. pefcifically, the opposite ends of the fluidcontaining sections are rovided with a plurality of spaced, paral el and horizontally extending ribs 80, 80, which extend, preferabl almost across such end surfaces. The I on surfaces of the endasectiqns 19, 20 are extended, as at 19" 20 to form vertical flanges projecting beyond the outer wall of the end sections. provided with spaced, parallel and horizontal ribs 81, 81', extending entirely thereacross from the flange at one end edge to the flange at the other end edge. The seal plates 7 6 are also provided with ribs 76" which align, re-

spectlvely, with the ribs on the ends of the sections; and the rear combustion chamber plate 46 is likewise provided with ribs 46 similar to the ribs 81 on the adjacent and acket is assections. When-the insulating igs- 11 4, 7,

sembled upon the sectionunit,

and 8) the inner face ofthe ront-insulat-- in section 15 abuts the outer ends of tlie ribs 80 (front) so as to divide the front surface into a plurality of dead air pockets 82 ture 17 and are carried away through The end section outer walls are (Fig. 10); the rear insulating section 15'.

abuts the rear wall ribs forming dead air pockets 83; and the end insulatingsections right(looking at Fig. 1) through the inlet pipe 651ml this fluid circulates generally upward throu h the sections being, at the same time, heats to substantially the desired tempfrature, and it eventually passes outwardl t rough the service or discharge pi (i6 wliic may lead to heat-radiating devices in the building to be heated or to any other desired discharge point. The spent gases of combus tion wh ch pass between the fluid-containing sections are discharged through the top-open spaces between the sections into the flue structhe flue pipe 18. Drain connections 86, 86 (Fig. '4) are provided at the bottom of each water leg 19, 20. for conveniently drainin the sections. These drains may be contro ed in an desired manner, and one or both ma be use In some instances, the drain connections 86, or a similarly located connection, may be utilized as the fluid inlet.

. Near the uplper end of the right hand end section 20, an connected therewith, we provide a pop-valve structure, 67 of ordinary form as an additional safety measure, in case other of the safety devices should fail. We

also provide a further safety structure 68 of well-known form which is connected-t0 the right end section and which functions,

preferably, under electrical control in conunction withgthe electricaldevioe 62 to cut off the 'gas supfly in case the fluid in the sec tion is reduce below the desired level or in casethe fluid inthe sections becomes too hot or the steam g3, glass water-gauge 70 land evel-test-coc .Whilefwe have shown and described only one form of structure-embed in our invention, it will ,be understoo t at various changes in details and arrangement of parts maybe made without departing from the spirit and scope of our invention as defined by the claims which follow.

We claim:

, ressure gets too high. The structure 68 inc udes the usual Pressure gau e .1. In a lltfilltl heater, a combustion chamberla plura ty of hollow liquid-containing sections arranged side by side in spaced relation, the spaces between said sections form fee 'I the other wall.

new"; a I

within the gas-travel area between said sections, said projections on one section'wall being staggered vertically and horizontally with respect to those on the opposed section throu b. said passages lengthwise and sidewise ereof beneath the projectionson both opposed faces.

2. In a liquid heater, a combustion chamher having meansthereinjor discharging hot gases of combustion-;-a plurality of spaced hollow fluid-containing sections, the spaces a between said sections constituting gas-travel passa es through which the gases of combos.

2 tion ow, and-the walls of which constitute heat-'absorption-transfer surfaces a plural-. "ity of rows of spaced'heat-absorbing transfer projections on the opposed walls of said sections, said projections in (me.- row of each wall'being staggered with respect tothc adjacent projections on that same wall-area, the

- said projections on opposedwalls beingalso staggered with res ect to each'othcr, alsaid pro ections exten ng horizontally into the respective gas travel passage.-

3. In ahquid heater, a combustion chamher having means therein for dischargin hot-"gasesof combustion; a plurality o "spaced hollow fluid-containing sections, the

travel passages through which gases of comb'usti'on flow from said combustion chamber, and the walls of which constitute heat-absorption-transfer surfaces; a lurality of rows of solid-section, rectangu arly-shaped and spaced heat-absorbin transfer projections extendi integrally ma horizontal direction from t eopposed walls oi s-aid sec tions, said'proj actions iii-one row of each wall being staggered'with respect to the adjacent projections on that same wall area, the said projections on opposed walls 'beingalso sta gered with respect toeachotlier,- all said projections extending horizontally inlosaid 59 gas-travel passage, and the planeof thelendsr I 0f the projections onone wall is spaced from ,the plane of the: endspof the -.'pro' ections fon:

4. In a liquid heater a combustion -bliam her-having means for discharging hot gases ofcombustion; a pluralityjofspar-zedfluidcontaining. circulating sections,..th e=:"spaces between, said sectionsconstituting gas'travel 63 :en es; a plurality of horizontal rows of jl'ections in adjacent rows on the same wall 'e'ing staggered with'res ect to each-other and thespacing between t c said projections on the same wall being so arranged that relaj "I 'tively small vertical r her having means for discharging hot wall topositively deflect the gases flowing "spaces between said sections constituting gasac inte ral rojections extending-"from e "oppose wal sof 81116 sect10ns,thc pro-a lpassages are; rovided along thatsame wal between ea projections, and the adjacent of said rejections on the opposed walls being dispose instaggered relation to each other so that the free ends of said opposite. projections are notjdireetly v opposite each other.

5. In a liquid beats a combustion chamgases of combustion; a plurality o spaced uidcontaining circulating sections, the spaces arranged in staggere relation to each other so that the free ends of said opposite o-.

jections are. not directly opposite each 0 er, and the plane of the ends of the rejections on one wall is spaced from the p ane of the ections vin adjacent rows ontthe same wall ends of the projections on the 'otherwali whereby. a relatively small, unobstructed, vertical flue space is provided at thecenter of said gas-travel passage substantially of the outline-size of said sections, a.

6. In a'fluid heater, thecombination of a fire chamber, a. lurality .of fluid containing sections dispos in spaced relation, a dischargefiue above said sections, the spaces between said sectionsbeing in communication with said fire chamber and flue and heat ab sorbingdevices extending horizontally and projecting. laterally irom the'iexterior Walls ofsaid sections into'thespaces therebetween, said devices being arranged in rows and the devices in each row on each wall bein spaced and the devicesin adjacent rows on t 1e same well being stir gered, and the devices on opposite wa Is 0% said section's bein so'located a sta gered relation whereby the free ends of said evices extendin into said space arenot directly op its eac other, 7. In it did heatenthe combination ,of a

fii'e chamber, a .plurality of contii ining fsections disposed inspacedrelatiom-a dis wall bein sta eredfandthe devices on opposite we is o said-sections being so located with. respect to. each other that the devices ng laterally from the exteriorwalls' of said sections into the spaces therebetween, no

with respect to each other that tey assume on one wall are offset vertically and laterally with respect to the devices on the opposed wall whereby products of combustion enterin'g said space from said fire chamber are deflectedlaterally in all directions within said space and particularly" into the corner spaces formed between said devices and-their'supporting, walls.

8. A 1i uid heater comprising a-combustion cha' or from which are discharged hot Qga's'esjofcombustion; a flue structure; a'pluifralit ofrliquid-containing sections mounted side y s de in spaced relation forming gas s I travel passagestherebetween.which are in communication at one end with saidcombustion' chamber andat the other end with said flue structure; and heatabsorption deflect1on I means carried by the exterior walls'ofsaid sections and associated with said gaS travel passages for increasing the heat transfer area withinsaifd ire-travel passages, said means comprising at-Qfa'ceprojections extending may from the walls of saidsectionasaid pro:- jectibhs'dh one face of'a section being so ositioned thatthey are offset vertically and -orizontally: relative to the projections on the face of the op osed sectiornand theverticaband horizonta offsetting of said projections on opposed faces being of such dimension that 1 5 deflected from one projection toward theopposed section travel upwardly andsub stant ally directly beneath the next-above vertically offset projection wherebythe gastrav'e'l passage areas beneath said proj ections' as at constantly swept positively by hot gases.

95A li uid heater comprising a combustion chamlier from which are discharged hot gases of combustion; a flue structure; a-plurality of liquid-containing sections mounted side byside in spaced relation forminggastravel passages therebetw'een which are in commwiica'tion, atone end with said combos 'tion chamber and at the other end with" said flue structure; a plurality of horizontal projections extending from said sections v into said gas t'ravel passe es and arranged'in horizcntal rows, the proiections in adjacent rows beingsta'ggered wit 1 res act to each other;

walls being so displaced with respect to each other tliat the prcqection's on one wall are ofi' set vertically and laterally with respect to the projectipns on" theother wall so that they do not extehd'end'toend. i i v 10. A liquid heater comprising a combus tion chamber from which are'discharg ed hot:

gas es of combustion; a flue structureggaphrrallt ofliQUid cOQtaihingsectiBnS mounted side y; relation forming gasi trarf-passages'tlierebetwcen which are incommunication at one-end with said combus tion chamber and at the other end with said fluestru'cture; a plurality of solid section,

flatfhorizontal projections extending from saidsections into said gas-travel passages and and the projections on t e opposed section umen arranged in horizontal rows,the projections in adjacent rows bein staggered with respect to each other; and t'e project-ions on each well in each row havin thelr adjacent edges so spaced as to provgie relatively narrow vertical spaces between the projections 'alon the section wall, and the projectionsbeing o said unit; and means for insulating said unit 7 including aninsulating jacket surrounding said unit; theouter iwall surfaces, of said unit hav ng connected vertical and horizontalribs definin sections which engaged b 7 said Jacket orm relativelysmall, confine 1 deadair' pockets between said jacket rand-unit.- v

12. In aliquid heater; a pluralit of liquids containing sections secured toget er. side by side in spaced relation to form gas-travel passages therebetween, means for discharging bot gaseswof combustion intos'aid passages; and meansfor insulating .said sections includin ra heat-insulating jacket (disposed around t e exposed walls of said assembled sectionsr said sect-ions having their-outer exposedwalls ribbed vertically andzhorizontaly whereby when said'acket is laced. there around in contact wit said ri srelatively small, confined dead-air: insulating spaces are 7 formed between said jacket-and the-adjacent 13. In 41, liquid-heater, end; liquid-containing sections; intermediate liquid-containing sections between; said sections; means 'forrigidly-secu ring all said sectionstogether sideby-side in-vertical spaced'relation as a unitary structure; means-w iojr -passingf hot gases of combustion between said assembled sections a plurality of spaced members ,pro-

je cting horizontally from the end walljsurfaces of all said sections; avpluralityioj similar" members projecting-v verticallyand hori- -zontall from-theouterzrandnex seed jside wallso} saideiidisections;-andajac et formed of insulating material surrounding; all :said

sectionsand almttingv said members to provide separatedconfined dead air spaces between; said jacketfand the section surfaces carrying'saidrmembers. v a

14;;In a-liquid heater, end liquid-containing' sections ;iintermediate liquid-cont ining sections-between said end sections gmeans for by side in vertical spaced relation ;:-means for passlnghot'gases ocombustion between said rigidlysecurin'g all said sections together side assembledsecliiions; and insulating means in- I cludingzspaced, parallel, horizontally and numerous points in said gastravel area whereby the gases are caused to swirl throughout said area, against the vertical side-wall surfaces of said sections in the generally-upward travel of the gases.

In witness whereof, we have subscribed our names.

JAMES PATRICK MORLEY.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No.il,857,47l.

JAMES PATRICK MORLEY ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 9, line 16, claim l5, for the word "confer" read confine; and thatthe said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 21st day of June, A. D. 1932.

M. J. Moore;

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

Granted May 10, 1932, to

. numerous points in said gastravel area whereby the gases are caused to swirl throughout said area, against the vertical side-wall surfaces of said sections in the generally-upward travel of the gases.

In witness whereof, we have subscribed our names.

JAMES PATRICK MORLEY.

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION.

Patent No.il,857,47l.

JAMES PATRICK MORLEY ET AL.

It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 9, line 16, claim l5, for the word "confer" read confine; and thatthe said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office.

Signed and sealed this 21st day of June, A. D. 1932.

M. J. Moore;

(Seal) Acting Commissioner of Patents.

Granted May 10, 1932, to

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