US1857445A - Process and apparatus for converting hydrocarbons - Google Patents

Description

May 10, 1932.

G. EGLo'FF ET AL PROCESS APPARATUS FOR CONVERTING HYDROCARBONS Original Filed Sept. 1, 1922 Patented May 10, 1932 UNITED STATES PATENT oFri'q-:fly

GUSTAV EGLOEF, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, AND WILLIAM R. HOWARD, OF WASHINGTON,

DISTRICT 0F COLUMBIA,'ASSIGNORS TO THE UNIVERSAL OIL PRODUCTS COMPANY, 'l OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF SOUTH DAKOTA PROCESS-AND A'rrAnATUslroR CONVERTING HYDRocAnBoNs 'Alipiicaaon sied september ,1, 1922, senat No'. 585,617. Renewed June '27, 192.7.

l This invention relates to improvements in process and apparatuslfor .convertinghydrocarbons and is more particularly'directed to the production of maximum yields of light boiling -point products, incommercial' 'quantities, from higher boiling point products. v

AOneof the objects oflthevinventionis to' treat hydrocarbon o il under -heat-andT pres-A sure in such a vmanner as to obtain-'ahigh yield of 'light products therefromi Theraw oil is forced into thefenpansion chamber, which expansion-*chamber is fvertical, inthe present instance, and 'divided into tWo`om-"f partments by Vmeans of av vertical partitionV member. The raiv oil'thereimiiied1 :vvithfre': iuX condensate. is forced: to'j heating coils Where it is heated to l:1t-decomposingtempera, ture and-then ,forced into the' other. compartment of 'said expansion chamber, Wherer substantial vaporization takes place, the vapors rising and passing through a'dephl'egmator and condenser to be finally collected and the condensate collecting in .the dephlegrnator falling back'to the compartment in the' eX- pansion chamber Vin which Vthe raW oil is introduced. The expansion' chamber is preferably heated, its sides being entirely surrounded by a'furnace.

1 The single figure 'inv the drawing is a more or less diagrammatic view, inside elevation, partly in vertical section, of our improved apparatus.

Referring in detail tothe drawing, 1vdesignates the raw oil inlet line from any suitable source-of supply. (notshown) provided with the pump 2 for forcing the raw oil into the system.' 'The raw oil isintroduced into the side of the vertical expansionchamber designated as a -Whole by 3. As Will be seen by reference to the drawing, this expansion chamber 3 is divided into two compartments l and 5 by the central partitionmember 6, the purpose of which will be hereinafter explained. The oil is subjected to heat in the compartment l Where a small amount of the light constituents of the raw oil Will'vaporiZe. The balance of the heated raw oil Will pass into coil 11 by means of pipe 7 controlled by, valve'8, or may be forced into the coil under a 'higher pressure by means of. the

heating fcoil y12, in this instance, a coill (continuous) of 8 pipe, Where it is heated toa decomposing temperature. It is not desired that any substantial vaporization take place inthe heating coil-12v, The heating coil 12 is 'mounted in the furnace 13,'.Which is heated by means 'of the burner'n 14 and is'provided Withf'stackl 15, :for: the escape of the spent gases .of combustionl=- 5 V`'l`he heat`ed oil 'thenfpa'sses by lmeans of transfer pipe '16 provided.4 with' valve '17 to the compartment of the expansion chamber 3, Where the oil will vapOriZe', the vapors passing up through the lpipe 18 controlled by the valve 18" to the *dephlegm'ator 19, Where a portion of -Tthem lvvill condense. The still uncon'densed vapors pass through the pipe 2O 4controlled yby the valve 21 to the Water condenser 22 seated incondenser box 23, the outletof 'said water condenser being connected tothe receiver r2li. The receiver 24 is equipped With the gas relief pipe 25, regulated by the valve 26; the distillate drawoff pipe 27 regulated by the valve 28 andthe usual pressure gauge 29. Any condensate which may settle out in the dephlegmator 19 is drawn off through the line 30, either to a pointv outside the system, in which event the-valvev 31 Would be open and the valve-32 closed; or it may be returned to the compartment 4 to be mixed With the raw oil and rel,

around the expansion chamber, or the sides thereof, in addition to that around the heat` ing coils, through-.Which the gases of combustion, either from the furnace 13 or in addition to the gases from the furnace 13, those produced by the use of the additional burner 33.' One of theobjectsof heating the eXpanand rapid vaporization.

sion chamber is that it gives more complete The compartment 5 of the expansion chamber is provided With the residuum dravvof 34 controlled by valve 35. Suitable manholeiplates 36 and 37 are provided,{the former at the top ofthe expansion chamber proper and the latter at the bottom of the compartment 5, Where the major part-.ofthe vaporization is desired to take place-,f and Where most of the carbon is precipitated. It Will be understood that there Will be less carbon precipitation in the com partment 4 than in the compartment 5.

One method of operating our process is as follows: The raw oil is pumped into the Compartment 4 of the expansion chamber 3, Where it vis mixed with the heated reflux condensate returned from the dephlegmator 19. A smaller part ofthe raw oil will vaporize and ass up to the dephlegmator, the balance, togetherwith the reflux condensate passing out of thek compartment 4 into the line -7 and through this line 7 to the heating coil 12, Where it is heated to a decomposing or crackz ing temperature, for instance, from 75,0 to

SSO-.degs F. Theheated-oil is then introduced into the' compartment 5 I of the expansiontchamber l3, Where rit is desired that A.allor `,substantially all of the vaporization shall-take place. Tlievapors evolved in this compartmnetpassupthrough the pipe 18 into the dephlegmator, Where aportion of them -Will'condense and be drawn olf through the'pipe30 either to a point outside the system or back to the system as above described. The uncondensed'vapors Will pass to the condenser Where they `vvill'condense and collect .inthe-receiver;4 The oil, entering the compartment-5 may be subjected to a higher heat thanin the heating coils, say, from 800 to 900 degs. F.` The compartment 4 can be heated stillliigher than the other one, by the use of burner 33. The system is in free communication-,from the pump 2 to the gas outlet valve 26', a uniform pressure of say, 125 poundsl being maintained on the entire system.. Residuum vwillv be constantly Withdrawn 'from the bottom of the compartment 5 and-may be conducted to a point outside the system or may be returned to the heating coils or mixed With the raw oil in any suitable manner :(notshown). This, of course, Will be ob- Vious.

The process may be operated as above described or the same temperature may be maintained throughout the system, that is, a crackingtemperature, of say, from 750 to 900 degs. F. Or diifercntial pressures may be maintained by proper manipulation of the valves shown. For instance, the heating coils may be maintained under a pressure of say, 300 pounds, y the expansion chamber under 150 pounds pressure, the dephlegmator under 100 poundsA and the condenser and receiver under 50y pounds pressure. 1n the event dif- Withdrawn through the pipe 34 may be controlled and regulated so that a maximum yield of. desirablelight lproducts may be obtained, thus increasing the finalyieldof light products, based on the charging-stock.

We claim as our invention:

l. A process of cracking petroleumgoilig.

consisting in passing the oil through 'a heating `coil and heating Y,ititoa conversion tem perature,pr eventing substantial -vaporization in the heating coil, *passing the .heatedbil to an enlarged expansion chamber v vherel vaporization takes place,in preventingthe return of any unvaporiz'ed oil-from-saidchamberto theheating coi1, in, withdrawing .the l'vapors from 4said vexpansion chamber and subjecting them to dephlegmation and-returningselected portions of the reflux condensate totheexpansion chambenmaintaining said reiux condensate in-a pool separate fromth'eheated oil introduced to the chamber from .the heating coil, introducing charging oilfto be treated into the` pool off reflux condensate and foro ing the combined mixture to the heating coil. 2.'In.anA apparatus for cracking-Oil-,the combination With a heating coil mountediin a furnace, communicating Witha verticalex- `pansion chamber, a vapor drawoff therefrom, dephlegmating means communicating With the vapor drawoff, longitudinally extending partitioningmeans Within the-expansion chamber dividing same into a plurality of compartments, means for returning selected portions of the reflux condensate to oney compartment, anv inlet for fresh charging stock communicating with the reflux compartment and means for introducing the combined mixture .to the heating coil. p

3. In an apparatus for cracking oil, the combination with a heating coil mounted in a furnace, communicating with a verticaLexpansion chamber, a vapor draWoff therefrom, dephlegmating means communicating with the vapor drawoff, longitudinally extending partitioning means Within the expansion chamber dividing same into af plurality of compartments, means for returning selected portions of the reflux condensate to one compartment, an inlet for fresh charging-stock communicating with the reflux compartment and means for introducing the combined mix-

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