US1857275A - Method of making paper - Google Patents

Description

May 10, 1932. n. FINLEY METHOD OF MAKING PAPER Original Fled Oct. 2. 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 IN V EN TOR. Daz/45 FVNLE'Y H/s ATTORNEY Www@ nwlnlw RN. @MTVN o NN s y W 9u., t WM P@ E 7 Mw N/ DNA 5 h l. O n., Q NR W l m IE A w m a w 3 D FINLEY METHOD OF MAKING PAPER Original Filed Oct. 2. 1922 May 10, 1932.

INI/ENTOR. Doz/s2 ffm/EY H/s ATTORNEY Q -mm 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 D FINLEY METHOD OF MAKING PAPER Original Filed Oct. 2, 1922 May l0, 1932.

Patented May 10, 1932 N UNITED STATES uca! bil HUUU PATENT OFFICE TO TOLEDO SCALE MANUFACTURING CO.,

JERSEY 0F TOLEDO, OHIO, A CORPORATION 0F NEW METHOD OF MAKING PAPER Original application led October 2, 1922, Serial No. 591,694. Divided and this application filed April 28, 1930. Serial No. 447,829.

This application is a division of my copending ap-plication on weighing machine, Seria-l No. 591,694, filed October 2, 1922.

My invention relates to a Weighing machine and broadly stated the object of the invention is the provision of an apparatus through which a web of paper may pass, and in which the weight per unit of area of web may be determined at any time, so that variation from the standard weight per unit of area may be indicated and proper corrective measures taken. In other words, the broad object of my invention is the provision of means for permitting the direct weighing of a portion of a substantially endless web of paper as it passes any given point so that variations from the standard in the weight of the web may be noted, and the condition causing such variations or the results arising therefrom be eliminated or cared for.

The invention possesses numerous other objects and features of advantage, some of which, with the foregoing, will be set forth in the following description of my invention. It is to be understood that I do not limit myself to this disclosure of species of my invention, as I may adopt variant embodiments thereof within the scope of the claim.

Referring to the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation ofthe machine of my invention, showing it applied to a paper making machine of which the last drying roll and the stack of calender rolls are shown.

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view through one of the bearings of the frame of the device. The plane of section is indicated by the line 2-2 of Figure 3.

Figure 3 is a plan view of the machine a portion being broken out longitudinally to reduce the width of the figure.

Figure 4 is a side elevation in diagram.

Figure 5 is a perspective view of one of the frame bearing brackets.

Figure 6 is a side elevation on a larger scale of the scale beam.

Figure 7 is a plan view of a portionof a record stripwhich may be made by my machine for permanent reference.

Figure 8 is an elevation of the counterweight 39 taken in the direction of the arrow 8 in Figure 3.

Paper at the present time is usually made on one of two types of machine, first, the F ourdrinier machine in which the paper pulp is flowed upon a continuous Wire screen traveling in an approximately horizontal direction. After the Water has been allowed to draln from the pulp through the meshes of the screen, the sheet of fiber is p-icked off and carried over suction boxes, through appropriate sets of press rolls and upon a series of steam heated drying rolls. From the drying rolls the web is generally passed through a stack of calender rolls to smooth and harden the surface of the paper. After passing through the calender rolls the paper is wound upon a reel until a sufficient amount has accumulated.

The second type of machine is one in which the paper is formed against a revolving cylinder or cylinders covered with Wire screening or mesh. The cylinders revolve in vats continuously supplied with paper pulp. From the cylinder or cylinders on which the matted fiber is formed a continuous sheet is picked off and passed over suction boxes and through sets of press rolls onto dryers then through stacks of calender rolls and onto a reel in a manner analogous to that spoken of above.

Generally speaking, all forms of paper and roofing felts are wound up in large rolls or reels after having passed through stacks of calenders or coming from the dryers. A large portion of paper board is likewise wound in the rolls on reels. For convenience in handling and shipping and in order to have the paper or felt in as long sheets as possibleso that interruptions will not take place when the paper or felt is carried through subsequent operations, such as printing or saturation, or formation of articles made on machines having a continuous length of paper fed to them, it is desirable to Wind as much paper in a continuous piece upon the reel as is consistent with convenience in handling.

A'most important factor in paper manufacture is the securing of a definite weight for the fabricated sheets, for in both the manufacture and sale of paper the basis for consideration is the weight per unit of area. Thus, 60' pound paper, 24 x 36 inches, is interpreted, by those familiar with the terms of the trade, to mean that a ream, or 480 sheets, of this paper, each sheet 24 x 36 inches, weighs 60 pounds,

The process of making paper in large continuous sheets or webs which are rolled on a reel and which must be made without breaks or splices renders it impossible for the manufacturer of the paper to check the weight of the sheet of paper at any time other than those periods when the continuous web of paper is broken after the filling of one reel and before the beginning of another. Frequently it is impossible to obtain a check on the weight of the paper during intervals of less than an hour. It is obvious that in one hour the weight of the paper per unit of area may change considerably without the knowledge of the machine operator.

Changes in weight of paper are brought about by supplying thicker or thinner pulp to the wire screen of the Fourdrinier machine or the vats of the cylinder machine. It is obvious that if a thinner pulp is supplied and the speed of the machine is not changed to correspond, this thinner pulp will have to cover the same area of wire formerly covered by pulp of a normal consistency, and therefore the sheet of paper produced will be lighter. On the contrary, a thickening of the pulp will cause the opposite results. Also if the pulp remains of the same consistency, and the motor or engine driving the paper machine increases or decreases its speed there will be a corresponding variation in the weight of the paper.

As explained above, these variations in weight of the paper do not become obvious to the machine operator unless the off weight paper appears at the reels at the very period when a trial sheet is taken from the end of a filled reel and weighed. Between such periods several variations in the weight of the paper may occur and they will be detected when the paper is being made up into the manufactured articles, or the quantity and quality of the paper is otherwise checked by al detailed examination of the rolls. In either case, the discovery of such variation occurs at a time when no corrective measures may be taken.

It is naturally of immense value to have a permanent record made of the variations in weight of the paper in any roll. Paper normally is made into fabricated articles at a point distantly removed from the paper mill. and by workmen who have no knowledge of anything which may have occurred during the making of any particular roll of paper. It is a fact that notwithstanding all attempts at the closest regulation of the weight of paper, variations will take place. The object of my machine is not directly to prevent such variations, but to indicate to the paper machine operator when they have occurred,l so that he may, so far as he is able, counteract ach variation as my machine makes it maniest.

As several hundred pounds of paper heavier than the normal Weight being produced, or lighter as the case may be, will have been formed and will be disposed on the press section and the dryer portion of the paper making machine before the machine operator becomes aware of the excess or deficient weight through the indications of my machine, it is evident that the finished rolls of paper may contain, here and there, long stretches of paper which are above or below the normal weight. It would be of great value in many arts Where paper is converted from rolls into articles, to know if the roll contains paper of excess weight or the reverse, and if so, where such off weight7 paper is located in the roll, so the converting machinery may be correspondingly adjusted to handle the abnormal weights. Other reasons for knowing in advance the weight per unit area. of the paper in a roll suggest themselves, as for instance the entering of claims for allowances when paper is bought by a purchaser on specifications for weight, and it is not possible to check that weight, except superficially on the outer convolutions of a few rolls, until the paper is actually used, which may be months after the invoice has been paid as presented. Vhile I have here spoken only of rolls, the same may be taken to apply, in some measure, to bundles of boxboard or other paper board.

lVhile the paper making machine operator may be able to check the weight of such board by taking samples from the cutter boxes immediately after it has passed the calender rolls, and therefore has no need of my weighing machine to keep him informed as to the weight of paper board being made at an instant by the paper making machine, yet no permanent record in detail of the weight of paper board in each bundle is produced or available for the future users or purchasers of the bundles of board. With my weighing machine, however, such a record is possible.

In terms of broad description, my weighing machine. comprises a pivotally mounted frame interposed preferably between the last drying roll and the first calender roll. The construction of the frame is such that the web of paper passes continuously over or through it, and means are provided for balancing the frame with its load of paper web against gravitational pull and against a slight turning moment which results from the tension on the web necessary to pull it through the frame. Included in the frame is a scale beam and a Weight recording mechanism; during the operation of the device and while the frame is in equilibrium, the position of a poise onv the scale or the record made by the recording mechanism indicates the weight per unit of area. of that particular web.

If any variation of the weight of the web occurs, equilibrium of the frame is disturbed as soon as the varying web reaches the frame. Movement of the poise upon the scale to bring the frame once more to equilibrium indicates directly the weight per unit of area of the web then on the frame, and immediate corrective measures to restore the thickness of the web to the desired standard may be taken; or correspondingly the record of the recording mechanism indicates, at all times, the weight of paper on the frame. A number of scales are provided with each machine, each scale correlated to a particular weight of paper to be made. Thus for 50 pound paper a scale ranging from 47 to 53 is provided, and the poise is at 50, the desired standard, when the paper on the frame is of proper weight and the frame is brought to balance. Correspondingly a shifting counterpoise is operated in conjunction with the recording mechanism to bring the capacity of the entire weighing machine within the scope of the record strip in accordance with the. weight of the paper being produced. The rebalancing of the frame therefore after its equilibrium has been destroyed by variations in the weight of the web passing through the frame or the record on the recording mechanism thus gives a direct indication of the weight per unit of area of the web.

Referring now to Figures 1 and 3, my weighing machine comprises a suitably formed base 2 in which is pivotally mounted the frame comprising the two side members 3 and 4 suitably connected into a unitary structure by cross girts 6. As shown in Figure 4, the pivotal axis of the frame is at the intersection of the lines 7 and 8. Mounted on each side of the frame and slidably movable in the line 8 above the axis is a ball bearing 9 adjustable in respect of the axis by the hand wheel 11. Journaled in the ball bearings is a roller 12 the peripheral surface of which lies nearly or substantially in the pivotal axis of the frame. A similar roller 13 is mounted in a similar manner below the axis, and the web 14 of paper enters the pivoted frame over the lower roller and leaves the frame under the upper roller as shown in Figure 4. The ideal condition would be to have the web enter and leave the frame exactly in the pivotal axis, but since this is impossible, the rollers are adjusted as closely to the pivotal axis as is possible without causing the incoming and outgoing webs to rub.

In order to carry a considerable quantity of the web the frame is extended from the pivotal axis and then turned substantially at right angles in the portion 15 in the end ETC H007 of which a roller 16 is journaled in ball bearings. At the angle of the turn in the frame rollers 17 and 18 are also journaled in ball bearings and the web is threaded over these rollers as indicated in Figure 3. A manually adjusted friction brallre 19 is provided to control the rotation of the roller 16'.

In order that the web may be fed in a substantially horizontally plane into the frame and be discharged from the frame in a similar plane, idler rollers 21 and 22 are provided. Both rollers 21 and 22 are slidably mounted for bodily movement toward and from the pivotal axis of the pivoted frame. The bearings of each roller are provided with springs 23 which resiliently press the roller outwardly away from the pivotal axis, thus the web from the drying roll 24 passes over the roller 21, over the roller 13 into the frame, over rollers 18, 16 and 17, then out of the frame under roller 12 to roller 22, thence to the calendar rolls 26. It is necessary to maintain a considerable tension on the web and of course this tension is greater between the roller 22 and the calendar rolls than between the drying roll and the roller 21. Since it is desirable to keep this difference in tension at substantially a constant point I have provided means for indicating such difference in tension at all times. Adjustably mounted on the bracket 27 which is fixed to the bearings of the roller 21 is a scale 28 graduated in pounds. A pointer 29 is mounted on the bearing of the roller 22 and is so positioned in respect of the scale 28 that when the tension on the web entering the frame and the web leaving the frame is the same, the index arm will lie opposite zero on the scale. The springs pressing against the bearings of the rollers 21 and 22 are of equal tension, hence when the calender rolls are adjusted to place the web under tension the difference in the tension of the web entering the frame and leaving the frame may be read directly upon the scale 28.

It is now apparent that bearings must be provided for the frame, to carry not only the gravitational load, but also the tension on the web. A pair of bearing blocks are arranged on each side ofY the frame, block 31 to carry the vertical thrust and block 32 to carry the horizontal thrust. These blocks are mounted on the base 2 in any suitable manner. Arranged on the frame on each side above the bearing blocks is a bracket 33. Figure 5, in which are arranged knife edge bearings 34 and 35 engaged with the bearing blocks 31 and 32 respectively. As a precaution against unseating the frame from its knife edge bearings, a stud 36 on the end of the bracket extends through a housing loop 37 on the base. The center of the stud lies in the axis of the frame and during the normal operation of the frame the stud is out of contact with its housing so that there is no frictional resistance between the two. The entire weight and thrust of the frame are thus carried on the knife edge bearings.

On the side of the pivotal axis opposite the rollers 17 and 18, each side of the frame is extended in the arm 38 and a counter-weight 39 controlled by the screws 41 is slidably arranged on the arms to assist in balancing the frame about its axis. The counterweight is preferably formed with its mass concentrated in the middle, as shown best in Figure 8, and the screws 41 are provided with hand wheels 42, and connected by a chain 43 running over suitable sprockets so that the screws are co-ordinated and operable from either side of the machine.

Rigidly fixed to the frame at the end of the arm 38 on one side is a scale beam 44 carrying the end poise 46 and the sliding poise 47. The scale beam is provided with a scale 48 detachably connected thereto in any suitable lway and specially graduated to correlate with the standard Weight per unit of area of the web which is to be passed through the frame.

Specially' proportioned weights are provided to be placed on the poise 46 in the usual manner and by adjustment of the counterweight 39, the loading of poise 46 and the adjustment of slidable poise 47, the frame together with its web under tension may be brought into equilibrium about the pivotal aXlS.

Stops 49 are provided on the base to limit movement of the frame about the pivotal axis and a dampener is also provided for preventing too sudden movement of the frame. The dampener consists of a rod 51 hung on a knife edge 52 and adjacent the end of each arm 38. Each ro-d 51 is provided with a disk 53 at its lower end which is immersed in a bath of oil in the container 54. Thus sudden and irregular movements of the frame work are prevented without lessening its sensitive response to variations in weight in the web. In order to bring the center of gravity' of the frame, with its rolls, to a proper position with relation to the pivotal axis so that the movable parts will have the required sensitiveness to small changes in load and at the same time have a stability which will result in oscillatory movement when disturbed while in equilibrium, a weight 56 is mounted between jack nut 57 and lock nut 58 threaded on the bracket stud 59, one of which is fixed on each side member 3 and 4, of the frame.

The position of these weights and their total mass, with their supports, when considered with relation to the downwardly1 turned portion 15, with the roll 16, and also with relation to the counterweight 39, and parts attached to arm 38, are such that the center of gravity of the entire system of members subject to oscillatory movement is below the pivotal axis in normal operation; but the center of gravity may be made to approach the pivotal axis by raising the weights. The vertical adjustment of the center of gravity, for convenience, should be provided for in such amount that it may be brought actually into the line of the pivotal axis, and then for normal working, disposed at a point far enough below the pivotal axis to result in a definiteness of oscillation satisfactory to the operator.

For making a permanent record of operations the recording elements shown in' Figure 1 are provided. A bracket 62 is affixed to one .side member of the base 2, and so positioned that the rod 51 passes through an opening in it. In that opening is slidably placed a sleeve 63 having a spline 64 to prevent rotation. Through the center of the sleeve the rod 5l passes with clearance all around at all times. The lower end of the sleeve is threaded, and engaging the thread is a hand wheel 66 which is rotatably mounted in bracket 62, with a suitable thrust collar.

Fixed to the top of sleeve 63 is a plate 67, also with a. clearance hold for the passage of rod 51. On plate 67 are mounted springs, 68 and 69, the upper ends of which may be made to bear on a plate 71 fixed on the rod 51, when the springs have been elevated by the hand wheel 66. A short rack 72 is disposed on the rod 51 and a toothed sector 73 engages the rack and is mounted so as to give rotation to a spindle 74, mounted in a bearing 76, secured to a suitable part of the base 2. The spindle 74 adjustably carries a pointer 77 equipped at its end with an ink carrying marking point.

Substantially at right angles to the direction of swing of the pointer, and in the plane of the swing, a strip of paper 79 with suitable markings thereon is passed over a roll 81 and between rolls 82 and 83, the latter of which has an elastic surfacing such as a rubber cover, which is pressed lightly against the roll 82 which is driven by any suitable connection with a moving portion of the paper machine, so that the movement of the paper strip is always controlled by the paper machine and is in fixed ratio to the movement of the paper web. For example, the roller 82 may be driven by the bevel gears 84 connected through the shafts 86 and 87 and suitable worm gearing to the drying roll 24. The character of the driving connections is such that the speed of the roll 82 is greatly reduced from that of the paper making machine.

The surface of the roll 82 may be made to travel five feet while the surface of drying roll 24 may be traveling one thousand feet, but the drive is positive, so that each inch of the paper strip, in this case, would represent exactly sixteen and one-third feet of the paper produced on the paper making machine at the same time, though the speed of the paper making machine may have been varied during that time. The roll 82 may be actuated by clockw ork mechanism, or by an independent motor under a speed governor, but I prefer the method of drive herein shown because it preserves a fixed ratio between the speed of the paper strip and the speed of the paper being made.

After leaving the nip between rolls 82 and 83 the strip may be caught in a basket, or reeled on a roll. It may have indicia on it indicating the length of paper which has been made on the paper machine, or it may be perforated at intervals corresponding to lengths of paper to be made, and by virtue of the perforations may be conveniently torn off for future reference with respect to the roll or bundle of paper to which it correspends.

A strip for recording the weight of 17 pound paper may be lined to show variations between 14 and 20 pounds. A portion of such a strip is shown in Figure 7. Also there is shown a record line 88 on this figure such as the inking point would make. At 89 the record line indicates that the paper being made at the time was about 16 pounds in weight; at 91 the record line shows that the paper weighed about 18 pounds and at 92 that the paper was of normal weight-or 17 pounds.

IVhile I have shown my machine in the general form illust-rated in the drawings, I realize that its use on a paper making or paper using machine which continuously runs at high speeds would be attended with great ditiiculty, it' not impossibility, unless suitable carrier means are provided to assist the Operator in threading the paper around and through the several rolls and sets of rolls in the machine. The employment of such carrier means is not herein described or illustrated, because it is considered extraneous to the elucidation of the principle of my machine and furthermore, the installation of such carrier means on machines carrying a web of paper is common practice and can be readily effected in my machine by one acquainted with the building, operation or setting up of machines for making or handling webs of paper.

For further illustration ot' the method of Operation and use of my machine let us assume a machine in operation under the following conditions. Assume the average of the distances from the rollers 12 and 13 to rollers 17 and 18 to be eight feet, and the average of the distances from the rollers 17 and 18 to the roller 16 to be four feet. Assume that the web is 110 inches wide as it passes over the rollers and that a tension of 1000 pounds is maintained on the entire width of the sheet as it passes over the springpressed roll 21, and a tension of 1060 pounds as the web passes over the spring-pressed roll 22. As will be appreciated, this differ-- ence in tension at rolls 21 and 22 may be a1- tered to suit the operator by the regulation of the manually adjusted friction brake 19. Assume also that the weight of paper being produced by the paper making machine is 17 pounds per 480 square feet. Assuming the circumference of the roller 16 to be 36 inches, we have then the equivalent of a total of 171/2 linear feet of web 110 inches wide acting downwardly on the lever arm about the pivotal axis of 96 inches. At the assumed weight per unit of area this represents a force of 5.68 pounds at the end of the lever arm, or a moment about the pivotal axis of 545.28 inch pounds.

Assume further that the s ring 68 and 69 are not bearing on the plate 1, i. e. that the recording mechanism is not in operation.

IVhen the machine is in operation there is also another moment about the pivotal axis which is caused by the assumed 60 pounds difference in the draw between the portion of the web passing over the rolls 21 and 22 respectively. If the device were calibrated when no draw was upon the sheet and then the 60 pounds subsequently were applied, such pressure would tend to turn the frame about the pivotal axis, acting with a lever arm dependent on the closeness of the rolls l2 and 13 to each other. A sheet of paper weighing 17 pounds per 480 square feet is seldom if ever more than seventeen thousandths of an inch thick. Allowing however for the unusual and for particles of dirt adhering to the paper, it is possible to assume a setting of the rolls 12 and 13 at forty-one thousandths of an inch apart, thus bringing the neutral axes of the two webs twentythree thousandths of an inch apart, which distance may be said to be equivalent to the sum of the lever arms about the axis. A tension of 60 pounds on this lever arm produces a moment of 1.38 inch pounds.

If the weight of the paper passino through the device increases by one pound per 480 square feet the moment about the axis is raised by one seventeenth or 32.07 inch pounds which is approximately twenty-two times as great as the 1.38 inch pounds produced by the difference in the tension on the web. That is to say that it would take a difference in tension of about 1395 pounds to equal in ei'ectan increase of one pound per 480 square feet of web.

Ot course any such change in the tension of the paper could not take place since the rolls in the frame over which the web passes are nearly rictionless. Therefore, it is plain that variations in weight of paper, and not irregularities in the tension of the web, will be the predominating iniiuence in effecting movement about the pivotal axis.

In the scale beam 44, as shown in Figure 6, is a scale preferably graduated to indicate in its length a total difference in weight of 6 pounds. If, as in the instance cited, 17 pound paper is being produced, the scale reads fron'i 14 to 20 pounds and with the calender rolls and brake 19 adjusted to give the assumed difference of 60 pounds in tension between the portions of the web passing over the rolls 21 and 22 respectively and with the poise 47 at 17 on the scale and the poise 46 loaded and the counterweight 39 adjusted so that the frame is in equilibrium about the axis, the poise 47 indicates the weight of the. paper then being passed through the frame. If, for any reason, the weight per unit of area of the web changes, the equilibrium of the system' is disturbed. The operator then by observing the scale 28 adjusts to approximately 60 pounds the tension of the web, if necessary, and then re-balances the frame by movement of the poise 47, which in its new position evaluates directly the weight of the web. Suitable corrective measures may then be taken to bring the web back to the standard weight.

So long as equilibrium of the frame is undisturbed there is no appreciable variation in the weight of the paper passing through the frame, and if disturbed it is the work of but a moment to ascertain the exact variation from the normal weight. It is thus possible with my machine to maintain a continuous check upon the entire roll of paper and when minor variations occur promptly correct them so that a sheet of substantially uniform weight may be produced.

For diiferent weights of paper a different scale and weights correlated to the paper weight are used and it will readily be seen that with properly proportioned weights and a scale correlated to the unit weight of web to be made the device may be prepared so as to indicate not only different weights, but also weights figured on different systems of paper measure.

Having described the action of my weighing machine when it is called upon merely to indicate to the operator when and by what amount, the paper web varies from the normal weight, I shall now show how it may also produce a permanent record indicative of the actual weight, part by part, of any roll or bundle of paper or board made on a paper machine to which it is attached.

The operation of the mechanism when the recording device is in use is as follows: If necessary the stops 49 are removed, or otherwise widened so as to allow sufficient arc of oscillation to the frame and frame members around the pivotal axis. The handwheel 66 is turned so as to raise the springs 68 and 69 into engagement with the plate 71 and to exert an upward pressure on the plate in excess of that corresponding to the greatest variation to be expected in the paper from normal to maximum. The rod 51 and the parts afiixed thereto are presumed to be far eyond the range of any lifting force to be applied by the springs 68 and 69, whereby the weight might at any time, be raised free from kniie edge 52, and in order to secure stability to the system it may be advisable to make the parts heavier than the proportions of the drawings indicate. The counterweight 39 is brought to such a position by handwheel 41 that the pointer 77 and inking point 78 indicate a weight of 17 pounds on a properly marked strip of paper arranged on the rolls 81 and 82, assuming that the same weight of paper is being manufactured as has been used for illustration in the example above given. It is assumed that this setting of the pointer corresponds to a mid-position of the frame with regard to oscillation; the motions of pointer 77 and frame 3 4 proceed together; if the pointer is at mid-position when the frame is at mid-position at one time, then they should correspond in position at all other times and regardless of the weight of paper web on the structure or the positioning of counterweight.

The pointer 77 is adjustably mounted on the spindle 74 merely for convenience in setting up the machine in the first instance, and, in operation to correct some slight lack of register with the printed lines on the paper strip, or purposely to set the pointer oil the center line on the strip and make it Jfollow some one of the lines which are oil center.

The weights 56 may be lowered if desired, to lower the center of gravity of the entire system, and thus relieve the springs 68 and 69 of a portion of the work of responding to the excess weight (or the reverse) which may be brought on the paper carrying portion of the frame by paper so much overweight (or the reverse) as to cause marked depression (or elevation) of the frame. In case of a distinctly lowered center of gravity, the depression of the frame or its elevation) will be countered, in proportion to the lowering of the center of gravity, by gravitational pull tending to restore the center of gravity by rotation about the pivotal axis, to its normal position below the pivotal axis. It is understood that the oscillations of the frame are decreased in amplitude by the lowering of the center of gravity; the amplitude is governed also by the length of the springs 68 and 69 and by their resiliency. A definite calibration of the springs and the center of gravity is necessary to the determination of definite Weight lines or markings on the recording paper strip.

It is desirable to use a width of paper strip, and to arrange for a maximum swing of the pointer such that all ordinary variations of the paper weight will be indicated without the inked record line passing beyond the edges of the paper.

It is understood that the arrangement of ,Liann parts as I have shown them in the drawings and described them does not comply exactly j with theV conditions required in the construction of scales in that a large proportion of the material to be weighed in my machine is established in fixed relation to the beam-i. e., the load is not suspended from the beam by knife edgesor rested upon it through the intervention of a knife edge supported plat- 10 form. 'Io comply to the conditions of standard scale construction, the downwardly turned portion of the frame at 15, supporting the roll 16 and carrying the paper 14, should be suspended from the frame at a point approximately midway between the active portions of the peripheries of rolls 17 and 18 which point should lie on or slightly below the line 7 and the suspension should be by knife edges. A load applied to a beam with 20 a suspension of this type does not materially alter the center of gravity of the oscillating system. The loss of sensitiveness which results from my construction is small, however. It may be minimized by allowing only a small amplitude of oscillation to the system, by making the downwardly disposed portion 15 ofthe frame proportionately small as compared to the distance from the pivotal axis to the rolls 17 and 18.

vWhile I have described my machine as being used in connection with a paper manufacturing machine, it may, with perfect satisfaction, be used in connection with any type of paper using machine, where the paper is supplied in rolls, as, for instance, a

printing press. This permits the user of paper to check the weight of the paper passing through his machines without having to stop the machines to take a sample for weighing.

It permits him to establish a record of the weights of paper in all the rolls of a shipment so that he may substantiate claims which he may make for underweight or overweight and it gives his machine operators opportunity to adjust their machines to variation in weight of the paper web before the paper of abnormal weight has reached the operating part of the machine; and as explained above, the operator may, from observing the indications of the weighing machine, adjust the speed of the paper manufacturing machine to produce a uniform product.

I claim: The method of controlling the operation of a machine for producing a uniform product which comprises continuously weighing the product as it is delivered from the machine, utilizing the Weighing machine with means for recording the weight per unit length of said product, and adjusting the speed of the machine in accordance with the indications of the weighing machine.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

DOZIER FINLEY.

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