US1856404A - Rectifier - Google Patents

Description

RECTIFIER Filed Oct. 21, 1927 Patented May 3, 1932 UNITED STATES MAX SGIII ESSER, OF BADEN, SWITZERLAND, ASSIGNOE 'IO AKTIENGESELLSCHAF'I. BROWN BOVERI & CIE., OF BADEN, SWI'I'ZERLAND, A JOINT-STOCK COMIANY OF SWITZERLAND RECTIFIER Applcaton filed October 21, 1927, Serial No.

This invention re1ates to improvements in rectifiers of the meta1 vapour type, and more particularly to the construction and arrangement of the cooling means for the anodes thereof.

It is common practice in metal vapeur rectifier constructon to provide coo1ing means for the .purpose of limiting the maximum temperature attained hy the anodes so that the va1ve action is maintained and the tendency for occurrence of back-ignition is substantially reduced. Such cooling means has heretofore consisted of a water jacket disposed about the inactive part of each anode, the amount of heat carried oi depending on the rate of circulation of the cooling water through the jacket and the radiating effect of the latter. VVith respect to such radiating effect, it has been founrl and recognized that the same is increased substantially by giving to the cooling jackets such form and relative disposition as to induce appreciable draught or movement of the air in their vicinity to accordingly make as high as possible the coeflicient of heat transmission or radiation, this coefficient being the constant representing the number of calories passing from the radiating surface of the coo1ing jacket to the surrounding air per unit of time, per unit area of radiating surface, per degree centigrae difierence between the respective temperatures of the radiating surface and the surrounding air. It has been proposed to arrange the cooling jackets, in rectifiers constructed heretofore, in such manner that adjacent jackets are spaced from each other in such manner that the spaces between the same provide ventilating chimneys which act to induce draught and' consequent movement of the surrounding coo1ing air. In these prior constructions, the cooling jackets have been circular or oval in cross section, and have on1y been eiective to provide for a relatively 10W coeflicient of heat transmission for the reason that their cross section provides for only a very limited portion of their adj acent surfaces being in close proximity to form the ventilating chimneys. Jackets of this type use heretofore, furthermore, when associated or used with anodes ar- 227,654, and in Germany November 1, 1926.

rangecl in circular ormation, have the additional serous disacivantage in that they inadequately utilize the available space.

One of the objects of the present invention,

therefore, is to provide an improved rectitime permitting of better utilization of the available space in cases such as when the anodes are arranged in circular formation.

Other objects and advantages wi11 hereinafter appear.

According to the present inventon, the coo1ing jackets for the anodes are made wedge-shape in cross section t0 permit of hetter utilization of the availabie space and the provision of more eflicent ventilating chim neys hetween adjacent jackets than has been possible heretofore. WVhen the anodes are arranged in circular formation, the narrow 01 thin edges of the jackets are directed inwardly toward the center, the cross section and taper of the jackets being s0 chosen that the flat adjacent surfaces of the jackets are in sufficiently close proximity te each other to provide chimneys having a high ventilating or draught effect. In cases where the anodes are arranged in two concentric circles, the cooiing jackets in both circles are similarly arranged With their narrow edges directed inwardly toward the center, or as an alternative, the cooiing jackets associated. With the anodes in the outer circle are arranged with their narrow edges directed inwardiy while the jackets associated with the anodes in the inner circ1e are arranged With their narrow edges directed outwardly so that when the number 0 anodes in each circ1e is the same and the anodes in the two circles arrangecl in staggered relation, the inner and outer Wedgeshaped cooling jackets interfit with each other to provide the ventilating chimneys between adjacent jackets.

For the purpose of illustrating the invention, several emhodiments thereof have been shown in the drawings wherein Figure 1 is an outline plan view of a rectifier embocly ing the present improvements; and

Fig. 2 is a view similar to Fig. 1, sho-wing a modification.

In F1g. 1, reference characters a en, a

' a denote the twelve anodes of a metal vapeur rectifier arranged in circular formation in the top plate or cover thereof, each anode being surroundeol, as inclicatecl, by a coolng jacket of weclge-shape cross section,the jackets being so arrangecl that the narrow edges there= of or, in other words, the narrow encls of the sections are directed inwardly toward the center, the respectve jackets being olesgnatecl by the reference charzcters 0 0 0 ,-c The distance d between the. aclj acent flat surfaces of the jackets is relatively small, as inclcated, tl1e opposite or acljacent fiat surfaces being parallel to form a n eliicient ventilating chinoney capable of givng a strong vertical. draught, ancl accorolingly provcling for a coefiicient of heat transmisson of the jackeusor cooling means Whch is substantially h1gher than such coeffic1ent of the cool1ng jackets sed heretofore and referred to above.

In F ig. 2, twelve anocles are also shown, the anodes, however, being arrangecl in two concentric circles with the anodes a to a in the inner crcle equal in nmber to and arranged in staggered relation wth respect to the anocles a to a in the outer circle. In

the arrangement as sho-wn in Fig. 2, the cool- 1ng aclets 0 to 0 assoc1atecl W1th the 1nner anooes are arranged with the narrow encls of their wedge-shapecl sections directecl outwardly, while the jackets 0 to 0 assocated with the Outer anocles are arranged with the narrow ends of their weclge-shaped sections directed nwarclly wherebythe respective inner and outer jackets interfit with each other to provicle ventlatng chimneys between their adjacent fiat surfaces.

mission of the coolingmeans than has been present or in fact usetl heretofore.

Several embod1ments of the invent1on have possible in constructions been shown arid described, but of coursevarons changes might bemacle without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

The nvention claimecl is:

1. In a metal vapeur rectfier, a sup]gorting plate, anodes circularly mounted thereon, and

cooling jackets dspos e d about saicl anodes and loeng of wedge-shape cross section to provide flat angularly disposed radiating surfaces, certain of saicl jackets loeing mounted with the narrow ends of such sections directecl inwarclly towarcl l1e center of saicl plate, adj acent jackets being mountecl With their respective. flat surfaces clisposed opposite each other in relatively close proximity to form Ventilating chmneys between the adjacent jackets.

2. In a metal vapour rectifier, a support ng plate, anodes mounted on saicl plate in two substantially concentric circles, the re- SJGCVG anocles in tl1e outer and inner circles being 1ncunted in staggered relation, and cooling;jackets clsposed about said anocles ancl being weclge-shape in cross section, tl1e jackets S1111C111C111g (he enter anodes being mountecl wit-h tl1e narrow ends of such SUIJ,

tiens directed i nwardly toward the center of sa d plate the jackets surrounding the nner anocles be1ng mountecl W1th such-sections clirected. outwarclly fron1 sa1cl center, sa1cljackets loeing arrangecl with "heir respective acl- }acent surraces 1D. relat1vely close proxmty te form ventilatingchimneysbetween tl1e acljacent jackets. g

3. The combinaticn with ametal vapeur rectifier having anodes, of cooling jackets weclge-shage in cross section clisposecl about said anocles and 1nountecl wth heir respectve acljacent surfaces in relatively close proximity to form ventilatng chimneys be tween the acljacent jackets,

In testimony whereofI have hereunto subscribed my name this 7 day of October, A.

MAX SCHIESSER.

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