US184798A - Bees c - Google Patents

Description

nnnn c; ooinnr Ann .roenrn o. WHITING, on er. LOUIS, ass'ionons To METAL MMUFAIETURING COMPANY, SAID GOMPANY ASSIGNQR OF ONE-HALF OF ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI; AND ITS RIGHT TO LALANGE AND GROEEJEANMANUFACTURING UOMPANL-OF NEW YORK CITY. N. Y.

lMPFlh'ElWEN'l' ilhl PRQC$$ES DF ENAMELING METAL WARE.

Bpaeitfioatioh forming r li'li of Lettern Patent No. hfidfi'hlh, dated November 28,1876; application filed August 30, 1876.

-lion of the name.

By our. improved proeese we are enabled to. produce an enameled wrought-iron in which the union of the iron and the enamel is so in timate and tenacious that they may almost be eaid to be amalgamated and this we accomplinh by dissolving out iron from the surface,

so as to exnose snob parte of the surface as will adhere to the enamel, and annealing no as to ha and toughen the fiber, in order that the enamel will adhere to all parts. This anhealing is an essential and importantl'eature of our invention. 'ro non-fibrons-that is to say, cast-iron. our invention is not applicable.

Fibrous iron, at a dull red heat,itdieeolved in aetrealn of chlorine, volatilizee, leavinghe bind a skeleton of the exact shape of the orig inai. piece. This residuum has considerable tenacity, nearly nesemblee dark green bottle glass, and in an insoluble compound of melted oxide of iron, silica, and alumina. This for ro-eilicious matter, than shown to be intimately'inwronght in wrought-iron, and which in the mechanical. foundation of ite fiber, we make the basis of our enameling process. it is not a caprioioue dieeemination, but it varies in quantity and constituents in difi'erent irons. it is tbereihre'eseential, in compound ing enamels for wrought-iron, to know some what of the character and quantity of thin for ro-silieious matter in the iron.

Overmamin his work, Manufacture of Iron, says: Were it practically possible to make a cinder of potash, soda, and silex, and mix it with any kind of metal,--that is, any kindofpigironhowever had it may be in our estimation, the bar resulting would be strong,

its fibere durable, and it could be welded with ease. Potash, soda, and silex, in one or air otherof theirforms, eitherseparately orin some combination with each other, enter largely'into all enamels intended for iron. Consequently, were it practically possible to make iron of, the fibrous texture contemplated by Overnnan,

we would have, we think itreasonable toconelude, an article best suited both for shaping and enameling; and some such adjustmenhasto fiber, is demanded by that branch of 0illbll8lnees which relates to the euameling of pressed, stamped, or otherwise fashioned wrought sheets. As this adjustment has not yet been effected, enameling of wrought-ironies'till, in part, empirical. tain Iron intended for pressing or stomping cannot be made to carry afiinities enough, to bind, in closest union with itselfiavery thick enamel, for, when they are introduced; beyond a proportion undetermined as yet, its enamelingquality is increased at the expense of its stamping quality.

In order that the combination may be the most thoroughly effected we takecarelt expond and open the metal as much as possible,

in. order to present its extraneous matter,

{above described as ferro-silicious and interfibrons,) in the most tangible form andwo do this, in part, by heating or annealing the iron. The annealing of iron is not, we know,

a new thing, The annealing of east-iron, pre-. f

naratory to enameling the same, has been in public one a long time.

From the foregoing it will be seen that all the operations for forming the article which have the effect of straining, compressingaud hardening the sheet-iron are to be formed in the usual way. Bnt,-if left in this condition the enamel would not adhere. By the anneal ing process two effects are produced: First, all unequal strains in different parts of the sheet are neutralized and, second, thepores of. the metal are expanded. Bythe, pickling procees the. hard and partially-attached scales are separated, and thetibers of theirou brought out. The ferro-silicious matter is also dowel: oped in a clean and expoeed manner so that.

, when the enamel is applied-it will'ooin loo aud- This much, however-,fis cor .u'sc.- or be injured by excessive heat.

enamel will then hereallypart of the entire shew-iron and wire.

s m teases".

and will be unafl'ected by excessive acids of any description, and will notflake oi? v gth he sheet or article-as the tin in tin-coatediron. The enamel will he as firmly attached over the turned "or wired edges as in any part, and

'the articlewill be farmore flexihle,and lessli able to have the enamel break, check, or sepa-' rate than .in the articles from which our treatment has been omitted,

We do not claim any special compositions .for the enamel, as we may emp 0y such as have depend upon 'thecharacter of the iron and thicknessof the sheet but can always be ascertained by inspecting the surface, so as to judge when-the interfibrous ferro-silicious mat" ter is fully exposed and thefiher developed.

, The annealingmay be carried out in any of the usual-modes employed by the workers .in

The. following is the mode of carrying out the invention Having been annealed, the a r ticle. is put'into abath, such as generally used for, removing scale from iron, is carefully scoured, and afterward thoroughly washed to remove anyacid which may remain from the hath, .Itis then dipped in a liquid ehamel, prepared so as to meet the conditions set forth above, after which it is left to dry slowly. A

drying-room is not essential. An ordinary temperature of 65 or 75 will do. Solar heat is as good as any. The'resnlt is, an enamel which adheres to the iron with extreme tense ity, bonding with it to a degree, and forming so much a part of it that the enameled'artiole maybe cut with shears and. the enamel hardly injured along the! line of the cutting When made from uncolored glassit is, in color, dark beneath, but its general appearance will depend much upon the thickness of the enamel. As may be seen, however, the reliablycoherent and thinnest coat is black. The striee or spots which appear are developments of this foundation-black through the lessper: fectly incorporated or combined uncolored enamel, and they will be more or less, as the enamel is thinner or thicker-or, in other words, as the union between the enamel and the iron is more or less comprehensive. The

general arrangement is along the fiber-lines,- and is determined by the same ferro-silicious matter which determines or brings out the fibers, and, as we have shown, supplies the bond between the metal and the enamel.

The operations of pickling and annealing should be repeated as many times ,as mechanical operations are applied' to change the texture, hardness, or surface of the article.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim, and desireto'secure by Letters Patent,is--- e 4 1. .The process herein described for predileing enameled sheet-iron articles, consistingin formingthe article by stamping and shaping in the usual way, and then annealing and pickling prior to applying the enamel, snbstan -tially as set forth and described.

2. The method herein described for causing the enamel to adhere upon the turned-over edges of the enameled sheet-iron vessels, consisting in repeating the; operation of annealing and pickling after the edge has been turned,and p'ricr to the application of the enamel, substantially as set forth.

'ALEX. JLTnomsotr. Jo'ss'rn E. WARE.