US1844181A - Compressor - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 9, 1932.

O. ROSEN COMPRESSOR 5 Sheets-Shet 1 Filed Nov. 15. 1928 ATTORN EY Feb. 9, 1932. o, RQSEN 1,844,181

COMPRESSOR `Filed Nov. l5, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 lq 1o l@ N V' "'3 1 W c? 3 N N N A E) L\ N gi N W f@ :g 5% R1 INVENTOR. Oscar fos@ j A TTORNEYS Feb. 9, 1932. Q, ROSEN 1,844,181

YCOMPRESSOR Filed Nov. l5, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 IN1/ENTOR- @Scar was?. R. l BY A TTURNEYS Feb.` 9, 1932. 0. ROSEN 1,844,181

COMPRESSOR Filed Nov. l5. 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR ATTORNEY5 O. ROSEN Feb. 9, 1932.

COMPRESSOR 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Nov.- 15, 192s INVENTOR. G5607^ .@2562 mklk ATTORNEYS Fatented Fel). 9, QE

Application filed November 15, 1928. Serial No. 319,573..

l-f act-ing `machine for discharging compressed airin one end and compressed fuel gas at the other end, so that both compressed fluids may be united in the cylinder of the engine.

. One of the principal objects of the invention, however, is to provide a rotary machine of the type wherein a Apiston is actuated by being mounted on the throw or eccentric portionof a crank shaft, and wherein power strokes are derived from thepiston in two perpendicular directions. The prior art shows a. piston mounted inthis manner and having working 'strokes on only one axis, but in the present invention suoli strokes are derived on two axes perpendicular to each other, whereby the efliciency of the machine .considerably increased.

YWith this object in viewv there are p rovided in reality two pistons, one ofV whichr as already stated,surroim :ls a throw of the crank shaft. rEhe otherpistonis in the nature of an outer member consistingof plates slidably mounted at the ends of the first named Apiston andvjoined together by such means as tie rods. rihe .eccentric movement of ythe piston structure causes a relative rei'ied through the shaft which is -hollow but partitioned to separate the incoming` and outgoing gases. rlhe shaft is suitably ported at opposite sides of the partition for communication proper intervals with theexpanding` cylinder chambers for the intake and with the compressed cylinder chambers for eX- haust. i 1

The invention vfurther comprises a `novel device for balancing the forces set up by the piston `structure in its movement eccentrically of the axis of the crank shaft. In practice, the casing is preferably rotated on a stationary shaft and is equipped with parallel guidesk carried by the casing in a symmetrical relation to the of the shaft for the purpose of carrying sliding weights. 'i

ri"he path of the guide ,members isa-t rightV angles to the general path of the piston mass7 and the centrifugal forces and moments set up by the two masses balance one another. v

rihe invention is fully disclosed by way of example in the following description and :in the accompanying drawings, in vwhich-fl Figure l is a longitudinal section of the machine Fig. 2 is a simiiar section at righ-t angles to Figure l and on the line 2-2 of Figure l; Fig. 3 is a perspective view ofthe piston structure; v

Fig. Ll is a section on the line 4 4 of Figure l g f Fig. 5 is an end view of the machine, with one of the side plates removed;

Fig. G is a similar end view showing the rotary parts advanced 90 from Figure 5;

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section of a modified construction;

Fig. 8V is a simiiar section at right yangles to Figure 7 f Fig. 9 is a section on the line 9-9 of Figure 8; and Y Y i Fig. l() is a. section on the line l0-10 of igure 8.

Reference to these views wili now be -made by use of like characters which are employed to designate corresponding parts throughout.

in Figure .l is illustrated a. hollow crank shaft l supported preferably in a stationary manner in bearings 2 and `having a throw@ between the bearings. On the centric portion of the shaft isrotatably mounted a casingconsisting of an annularv wall vor body. member l and a pair of? end members 5 Yin which are inserted ball bearings 6 surrounding the shaft at points beyond the ends of the throw 3. lt will be understood that the parts within the casing, presently to be described, are assembled prior to the mounting of the end members 5. The casing is driven either by a belt passed around trie body portion 4 thereof or by gearing meshing with a pinion 7 keyed on one of the members 5.

The throw 3 is surrounded by an inner piston member of rectangular cross section and consisting of a pair of split halves 8 secured together by bolts 9. The halves 8 ously formed with semi-cylindrical cavities 10 on their inner faces to receive the throw 3 and are also recessed at their inner faces, at diametrically opposite points with respect to the throw 3, for a considerable distance along their length to form opposed passages 11 and 12 intermediate the abutting` surfaces of the members 8, as shown in Figures 1 and 4. These passages extend to the outer walls of this inner piston structure. ln a similar manner, both of the sections 8 are slotted as at 13 and 14 at right angles to the passages 11 and radial of the t-hrow 3.

The body7 4 ofthe rotary casing is cored to form a cylinder 15 rectangular in cross section of such size as to contain the inner piston 8 8 and permit a reciprocatory movement thereof on rotation of the casing. The cylinder also accon'nnodates an outer piston structure consisting of a pair of plates 16, slidably mounted on those faces of the piston 8 8 which are parallel to the path of its reciprocatory movement. The plates are held together by tie rods 17 but are not clamped against the inner piston with such tightness as to prevent sliding movement. The plates 16 are also equipped at their edges with packing members 18 pressed by springs 19 into engagement with the walls of the cylinder 15. The ends of the cylinder are countersunk at points 2() to receive the bolts 2i of the tie rods 17, so that there will be no ein cessive clearance at the ends of the cylinder and the plates 16.y Those faces of the sections 8 which are adjacent the rods 17 are grooved at 22 to receive the rods during the reciprocation of the piston 8--8. The plates 16 are slotted at 23 in communication with the passages 11 and 12 and with the ends of the cylinder so that these passages may be brought into fluid communication with the ends of the cylinder for the purpose which will presently appear.

The throw 3 is divided transversely by a partition consisting of a diametrical wall 24 having its ends turned oppositely at 25 and 26 into engagement with senil-'circles on the inner wall of the shaft and at opposite sides of a given diametrical plane. The wall of the throw is formed with two ports 27 and 28 at opposite sides of the partition 24 and coextensive longitudinally therewith. The port 27 commences at one edge of the partiare obvi tion 24 and extends arcuately about twothirds of the distance towards the other edge of the partition, or through an arc of approximately 1200. The other port 28 commences at the last named edge of the partition 24 and has about one-half the angular extent of the port 27.

As viewed in Figure 4, the casing is rotated counter-clockwise on the shaft 1, and for simplicity in describing the operation of the device, it may be assumed that the casing is held stationary and that the shaft is rotat-ed in a clockwise direction as indicated by the arrow within the throw 3. As the throw rotates about the main axis of the shaft as a center, it has a lateral or horizontal component and a vertical component. The lateral component moves the inner piston 8-8 transversely of the plates 16, while the vertical component of the circular path of the inner-piston moves the outerV piston structure strictly longitudinally of the cylinder 15. The entire piston structure has just reached its uppermost position in the cylinder 15, and due to the fact that the slots 23 are of such dimensions as to communicateat all times with the passages 11 and 12, the gas compressed above the upper plate 16 is expelled throughthe upper passages 11 and port 28 to theHeXhaust end of the shaft 1 which communicates with the port 28. At the same time an expanding chamber has beenformed at :the lower end of the cylinder, and gas is drawn into this chamber through the remaining end of the shaft 1, Vslot 27 and the lower passages 12 and 23.

The piston structure is now about to descend, and the port 28 is dimensioned and timed to close with respect to the upper passage 11. The inner piston moves to the right and compresses gas against the adjacent wall ofthe cylinder, and when the end of this compression stroke .is reached, the port 28 registers with the passage 14 and permits exhaust of the compressed gasthrough the eX- haust end of the shaft. At the same time, the lower plate 16 compresses gas in the lower partof the cylinder, and the port 27 is dimensioned and timed to close with respect to the lower passage 12 when this compression commences. During the movement of the inner piston structure to the right, an expanding chamber is formed at the left, and the port 27 is dimensioned and timed to remain in communication with the port 13 which is connected with this expanding chamber.

At the end of the downward stroke of the outer piston structure, the port 28 comes into communication with the passage 12, and eX- haust of the gas compressed therein occurs in the manner already stated.v After the perl 28 has passed the passage 12, it comes into communication with the port 13 as the inner It will be apparent that this cycle con tinues during the rotation of the casing, and

D that intake, compression and exhaust succesa sively occur at the four walls of the cylinder shown in Figure 4.

It will be seen in Figure 1 that the ends of. the piston 8 8 are formed with outwardly lextending hub members surrounding the throw 3 and square in their view as shown in Figures 5 and 6. Plates 31 are clamped tothe ends of the body 4 by means ot the end members 5 and are formed with central openings 32 concentric with the axis of the shaft 1 andof such size as to accommodate the throw in all positions of the latter. To-these plates are secured parallel guide members 33 which are spaced at equal distances from the axis of the shaft 1. A balance weight 34 is slidably mounted between each pair voi guides Aand has a rectangular opening 35 in which the corresponding square hub 30 is received. Thejwidth ofthe opening`35 is substantially .equal to a side of the square hub, allowing sutlicient clearance to permit sliding, whereby the weights are in eiect moved in the guides by the relatively eccentric motion ot the throw 3. l It will be seen by reference to Figures 4 and 6, which indicate the same position of the piston structure, that Vthe path of the weights as determined by the guides 33 is at right angles to the path of the outer piston structure. In these figures the mass of the piston structure is balanced by the mass of the weights, and as the rotary casing turns counterclockwise and the outer piston structure descends therein, vthe weights are thrown outwardly in the direction opposite to the movement of the outer piston structure. XVhen the casing vhas advanced 90, the piston structure is midway between the ends of the cylinder, and the weights 34 are thrown outwardly to the farthest point.

The lubricating system includes a duct formed longitudinally in the throw V3 and in communication -with a spiral pipe 41 in one ot the end caps 5. This cap contains oil, and the outer end of the spiral pipe 41 is open and receives a quantity of lubricant on each revolution ot the casing and delivers it to the duct 40. The outer wall of the duct is ported at 42 to communicate with annular i) passages 43 in the inner curved walls of 'the sections 8. The throw is grooved at 44 for venting the oil channel, into the cap 5, andthe hubs 30 are grooved at 45 in .communication with the annular passages 43 in order to lubricate the hubs. Radial passages 46 are formed in the sections 8 in communication with the grooves 44 to communicate with ducts 47 formed in the faces of the sections whereby to-lubricate the bearing surfaces between .these parts.

Figures 7 to 10 illustrate a modiiied construction operating in twosepa-rate units, as

.distinguished from the construction previouslyV described. The throw 50 of the crank shaft is divided transversely into two distinct parts by means of a solid circular par- Ytition Y51. The sections ot the pipev thus deiined are further divided diametrically by partitions 52 and 53 respectively.

The inner piston structure surroimding'the throw is comprised, as in the previous construction, of two half sections 54 bolted together. At one side .of the plane of thepartition 51, the sections 54 are spaced to form passages 55 and 56 lying in the prolongations of a diameter of the .throw 50. At the otherk side of the plane ot the partition `51, they sections 54 make-contact with oneanother but are each slotted to form passages 57 and 58 also in the prolongations of a diameter ot the throw 50 and at right angles to the ,pas` sages 55 and 56.

'The outer piston structure consistsl of a i pair of plat-es 59 mounted .at the ends of the inner piston structure and at the passages 55 and 56. The plates are slotted at 60 to com'- municate with these passages andare held together by tie rods 61.

At opposite sides ot the partition 51, the

throw 50 is formed with intake ports 62 and 63 andy exhaust ports 64 and 65. The exhaust ports are at one side of the diametrical partition 52, 53 and the intake ports are at the other side thereof. Further, the intake ports are coextensixe or co-terminal with respect to elements drawn on the wall of the throw,

and the exhaust ports occupy a similar relation.

The piston structure may be conceived as consisting of two units at opposite sides ot the planeof the transverse partition 51. In the unit formed with .the passages 55 and 56, the intake and exhaust ports 62 and 64 respeetively communicate .only with the cylinder chambers governed by the outer piston plates 59, while in the other unit, the intakeand ex` haust ports 63 and 65 respectively communicate only .with the piston chambers governed bythe inner piston structure 54-54. Inlthe first named unit,ftor example, gas is drawn into the shaitthrough the compartment 66 thereof which has the port 62, and after being compressed is exhausted through the other compartment 67 which has the exhaust port 64. The other unit in'likemanner is ted through an intake compartment 68 and ex` hausted through an outlet compartment 69 inthe throw yat Vthe other side of -thepartition 51, and in this respect it will be seen that independent intake and exhaust inter'- vals occur at both sides of the partition.

Inasmuch as the inner and outer piston structures move at right angles tocach other and respective ports are in terminalV alignment, one of the units is on the suction stroke while the other is on the exhaust stroke, and vice versa. One of the units may for example be used for the compression of air and the other forthe compression of a gaseous fuel, and if both exhaust compartments 67 and 69 are connected to a given cylinder, the device will function as a fuel injector and a supercharger.

Although specific embodiments of the invention have beenillustrated and described, it will be understood that various alterations in the details ofconstruction may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as indicated by the appended claims.

What I claim is l. A compressor comprising in combination, a crank shaft, a casing mounted on said shaft concentrically with the axis thereof and rotatable relatively thereto,`said casing being cored to form a cylinder, said shaft having a throw contained in said casing, an inner piston member surrounding said throw, an outer piston member slidably mounted on the ends of said inner member and slidable longitudinally of said cylinder, guide members carried bysaid casing and located symmetrically with respect to the axis of said shaft, and a weight slidable between said guide members and having a central opening of suliicient size to clear said throw.

27A compressor comprising in combination, a crank shaft, a casing mounted on said shaft, concentrically with lthe axis 'thereof and rotatable relatively thereto, said casing being cored to form a cylinder, said shaft having a throw contained in said casing, an inner piston member surrounding said throw, an outer piston member consisting of a pair of plates slidably engaging opposed ends of said inner piston member, tie rods connecting said plates, guide members carried by said casing and located symmetrically with respect to the'axis of said shaft, and a weight slidable between said guide members and having'a central opening of sufcient size to clear saidthrow.` y

3. A compressor comprising in combination, a` crank shaft, a casing mounted on said shaft concentrically with the axis thereof and rotatable relatively thereto, said casing being cored to form a cylinder, said Vshaft having a throw contained in said casing, an inner piston member surroundingr said throw, an outer piston member slidably mounted on the ends of said inner member and slidable longitudinally of said cylinder, said inner piston having square hub portions surrounding said throw, guide members carried by said casing and located symmetrically with respect to the axis of said shaft, and a weight slidable between said guide members and formed with rectangular openings containing said hub portions and having one dimension in common with said hub portions. e

4. A compressor comprising in combination, a crankshaft, a casing mounted on said shaft concentrically with the axis thereof and rotatablerelatively thereto, said casing being cored to form a cylinder, said shaft having a throw contained in said casing,-an inner piston member surrounding said throw, an outer piston member slidably mounted on the ends of said inner member and slidable longitudinally of said cylinder, guide members carried by said casing and located symmetrically with respect to the axis of said shaft, said guide members being disposed at right angles to the path of said outer piston, and a` weight slidablel between said guide members and having a central opening of sufficient size to clear said throw.

5. A compressor in combination, a crank shaft, a casing mounted on said shaft concentrically with the axis thereof and rotatablc relatively thereto, said casing being cored to form' a cylinder, said shaft having athrow contained in` said casing, an inner piston member surrounding said throw, anA outer piston member slidably mounted on the ends of said inner member and slidable longitudinally of said cylinder, said inner piston having square hub portions surrounding said throw, guide members carried by said casing and located symmetrically Vwith respect to the axis of said shaft, said guide members being disposed at right angles to the path of said outer piston, and a weight slidable between said guide members'and formed with rectangular openings containing said hub portions and having one dimension in com mon with said hub portions. 6. Acompressor comprising in combination, a hollow crank shaft, a casing mounted on said shaft concentrically .with the axis thereof and rotatable relatively thereto, said casing being cored to form a cylinder, said shaft having a throw contained in said casing, an inner pistonmember surrounding said throw, an outer piston member slidably mounted on the ends of said inner member and slid-able longitudinally of said cylinder, a partition in said throw for obstructing direct"flowglongitudinally of said shaft, said shaft being ported at opposite sides of said partition, means for bringing one of said ports successively into communication with the expanding end of said cylinder and the other port successively into communication with the compression end of said cylinder,

Vguide members carried by said casing and located symmetrically with respect to the axis of said shaft, and a weight slidable between said guide members and having a central opening of suilicient size to clear said throw.

7. A compressor comprising in combination, a hollow crank shaft, a casing mounted on said shaft concentrically with the axis thereof and rotatable relatively thereto, said casing being cored Vto orm a cylinder, said shaft having a throw contained in said casing, an inner piston member surrounding said throw7 an outer pist-on member slidably mounted on the ends of said inner member and slidable longitudinally of said cylinder, a partition in said throw for obstructing direct flow longitudinally of said shaft, said shaft being ported at opposite sides of said partition, means for bringing one of said ports successively into communication with the expanding end of said cylinder and the other port successively into communication with the compression end of said cylinder, said inner piston having square hub portions surrounding said throw, guide members carried by said casing and located symmetrically with respect to the axis of said sha-tt, and a weight slidable between said guide members and formed with rectangular openings containing said hub portions and having one dimension in common with said hub portions.

In testimony whereof I ainx my signature.

OSCAR ROSEN.

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