US1843916A - Automatic firearm - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 9, 1932. c. s. coLE AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed Nov. 1e,` 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet l BY to ATTORNEYS.

Wmv

Feb. 9, 1932. c. s. COLE AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed Nov. 16, 1929 6 sheets-sheet 2 NNN - INVENTO. @Urles S. Gole" Feb. 9, 1932. c. s. COLE AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed Nov. 16 1929 6 Slxeecs-Sheet 3 Sw a Y Q\\\\\ sm 2M @u .N am um Kv MQW f n o T MS, vw MM m .6 YA'W B L u @w GQ Sw am mm s@ Gv m @u Mw .si \\N @N su @u hm um Mm mM Nk ww A TTORNE YS.

Feb. 9, 1932. c. s. coLE AUTOMATIC FIREARM 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Nov. 16

INVENTOR. (/Lar/es 51 Cole ATTORNEYS.

Feb. 9, 1932. c. s. coLE AUTOMATIC FIREARM 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Nov. 16

IN VEN TOR. arles Ca Ze A TTORNE YS.

Feb. 9, 1932. c. s. COLE AUTOMATIC FIREARM Filed Nov. 16, 1929 6 Sheets-Sheet 6 III-l.

Patented Feb. 9, 1932v CHARLES SCHNEIDER COLE, F SANDY HOOK, CONNECTICUT AUTOMATIG FIREARM Application filed November 16, 1929. Serial No.-407,738.

. The invention relates to automatically self operated guns such as areadapted to project a bullet or projectile, by means of gun powder or other propellant contained in fixed ammunition such as a cartridge, and which may be fedto a liring chamber in a barrel from a magazine containing one or more cartridges, or from a belt for holding the same, as in a machine gun.

0 The invention is specifically applicable to 9 of supply such as a magazine, into the chamber of the gun, cock the firing mechanism, close and lock the breech and leave the machine in condition to fire another shot at the This is an automatic repeating rifle which lires a shot as many times as the operator pulls the trigger, until the magazine is emptied. In addition to being gas operated it also utilizes, recoiling parts, both working the controlled toggle action.

An object of the invention is to provide a gun action in which a breech and a barrel are opened, closed, locked together and unlocked by means' of a toggle pair actuated and controlled in direction and extent of movement by a third toggle link connected thereto and itself being driven by any power generated by a gun discharge.

To providea long and short toggle link @5 whose operative ends move in a coinciding rectilinear manner in the opening and closing of a gun action and whose mutually connected ends travel relatively about the operative end of the short link and in closed position aligns 7g forward of one of said operating ends on a common center line.

Further to include a control l1nk connecin combination, the inertia of will of the operator.

2 The above reference to using a direct or resultant portion of the energy of discharge to operate the gun mechanism, means using the compressed gas of explosion, recoil of the gun barrel or gun mounting or any other of the various physical energies liberated from the components of a cartridge, and acting or at work during the cycle of discharge of a gun. It also contemplates a temporary storing of any of these parcels of energy and us- 33 ing them in a secondary manner immediately after completion of the firing; by the instrumentalities of gas, storage chambers, masses of metal subject to inertia, l accelerated weights, or the reaction of the mounting or operator.V

The type ofgun herein shown and used by meto illustrate an application of the invention is known as a gas operated military shoulder rie in which the barrel is fixed, the

:breach movable, and a cylinder and piston used for functioning of the gun, by the action of the explosion through `the medium of a portion of the gas thereof, which passes through a port in the barrel back from the muzzle, before the bullet has left the gun.

tion intermediate the end of the short link for operating the same and to provide means for moving the said control link so that its operated Jend will move in a rectilinear manner and Whose center line between pivotal centers, will be perpendicular to the common center line of the main toggle members, in closed position.

To provide a pair of sears which will limit firing to one discharge only per trigger pull and to provide a hand safety device adapted to lock both sears and triggery at the same time; to further design an automatic safety for locking trigger back as Well as forward if the breech is not closed and finally to provide means for holding the gun action open, sears and trigger locked.

The construction includes an unequal legged toggle, movement of which is impossi ble unless the toggle is broken, by a slight upward circular movementof the joint C about either D or E as a fulcrum; and with D asl a fixed fulcrum, great power is exerted at the start of movement to push the longer arm'134 outward, as the arcs vof he mutual joint C about E and D are tangent, Fig. 30, and Anp v short of an actuatingcontrolling link for working the toggle, which may be pivoted at any point of the arms, depending upon the character'o action desired, this being determined by the form of ammunition used. c

The members of this toggle, especlally the I ends D and E, may be made to take the mechanical stress of any gun in which they are incorporated, or they may be simply actuating means with auxiliary abutments, locks, or

' fastenings, which come into position when vao l section through the operatable the toggle is either opened or closed. In certaintypes of guns of low power, the toggle and pins are suciently strong to hold the chamber or firing pressure together with the reaction or recoil of the projectile, but in others, higher powered, certain locking lugs formed integrally with the 'breech block, receiver or barrel respectively areadvisably interposed directly in line with the pivots D and E when the breech is closed, as at Figs. 3, 5, 15, 28 and 30, being positioned so that the strain comes upon them and not upon the pivots or joint pins themselves.

A fuller understanding of the invention will be had from the following detailed description of the construction which embodies the features of the invention as applied in their preferred form to a shoulder gun or riie, in connection with the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification and vthe novel features of the invention will then be specifically pointed out in the claims.

Fig. 1 shows a top plan view of my improved gun; Y

Fig. 2 is a right side elevation of the same, known as the bolt side of a riie;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged, longitudinal vertical gun, including the magazine;

Fig. 4 is a similarly enlarged right slde elevation'of the operatable portion of the gun,

in the act of e]ecting a blank shell, the gunv stock being omitted; Y

Fig. 5 is a similar side elevatlonal view with the operatable parts in a closed position;

Fig. 6 shows a bottom plan view of Fig. 5, the gun stock being removed;

Fig. 7 is a further enlarged vertical longitudinal section of the most. of the mechanism shown in Fig. 3; Y

Fig. 8 shows an enlarged top plan view of the trigger safety device, also shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 7;

Fig. 9 shows an enlarged rear or butt end view of the gun, having g\m stock attached;

Fig. 10 is an enlarged vertical cross section taken on line 10-10 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 11l is a similarly enlarged cross section taken on line 11-11 of Fig. 3;

portion o theA l Fig. 12 is another vertical cross section taken on line 12-12 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 13 is a further vertical cross section taken on line 13-13 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 14 is a vertical cross section taken through the forward end of gun as on line 1414 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 15 shows a longitudinal sectionaliplan view taken on line 15-15 of Fig. 3, the loading mechanism being in a different position;

Fig. 16 is a detached top plan view of the stripped breech block on a slightly enlarged scale from that shown in Fig. 15;

Fig. 17 is a bottom plan of the breech block;

Fig. 18 is a sideelevation of the breech block; Fig. 19 is a front end view of the stripped breech block;

Fig. 20 is an enlarged detached rear end view of the stripped receiver;

Fig. 21 is an enlarged side elevation of same;

Fig. 21a is a vertical cross section through the receiver taken on line 2la of Fig. 2l;

Fig. 22 shows a front end vi-ew of receiver shown in Figs. 20 and 21;

Fig. 23 shows a side elevation of hand bolt operating means, as the same would appear if applied to Fig. 21;

Fig. 24 is a bottom plan view of hand bolt, as the same would appear if applied to Fig. 25;

Fig. 25 is a bottom plan view of receiver shown in Fig. 21;

Fig. 26 is a detached top edge view of associated toggle members and actuating link, in open position; v

Fig. 27 is a side elevation of associated toggle members and actuating link, in open position as shown in Fig. 26;

Fig. 28 shows a horizontal section through toggle members and actuating link shown in Fig. 26, in a closed` position, and part of receiver and breech block;

Fig. 29 is a detached top edge view of toggle membersvand actuating link in closed po-A sition; and

Fig. 30 is a side view of toggle members',

and actuating link as shown in Fig. 29.

Referrin in detail to the characters of reference mar ed upon the drawings, 33 represents the gnn'stock havin a metal butt plate 34 secured to the shou der end thereof. 35 is the usual form of shoulder strap or gun sling which is attached to swivels 36, one attached to the underside of the butt stock and the other to a band 37 encircling the foregrip of gun stock and the hand guard 38 fitted over the barrel and to the stock.

39 represents the receiver and sight bridge as a whole, see Figs. 20 and 21, where it is shown detached in side elevation and plan. This receiver as shown is adapted' to be secured within a pocket of the gun stock and K forward movement.

not only serves as a receiver or container for the cartridges, but also serves to support the greater portion of the operating parts of the gun. represents an extension of the receiver in which is formed a threaded bore 41 for the attachment of the barrel 42, and also serves to form a reinforcement of the same. This receiver also includes aligned oppositely positioned trunnions 43 for the attachment af toggle links, later to be described, and is iurther provided with oppositely positioned guide-ways 44--44 for the slidable breech block 45, again to be referred to. A vertical bore 46 is formed in the rear end portion of the receiver to accommodate a vertical pivotal shank 47 of a safety device 48 for the trigger mechanism. 49 represents the maga- Zine well within the receiver and from which the ammunition 50 is automatically fed to the gun barrel 42. A floor plate 51, see Fig. 7, is secured to the receiver and gun stock by means of screws 52 and 53 and serves to inclose mechanism within the receiver and forms a guard 54 for the trigger. This plate includes an elongated opening 55 that aligns with the bottom end of the magazine'well and serves to receive the detachable closure plate 56. The forward end of this closure plate engages a recess 57 in the forward end portion of the Hoor plate and is provided near its opposite end with a hole 58 and a shoulder 59, the latter being adapted for holding the plate in place, to be engaged by a spring actuated hook 60 pivotedly hung in said floor plate and normally adapted to be positioned against a stop pin 61 to limit its movement. The free end of this hook is positioned in alignment with the opening 58 and is adapted to be operated to release the plate, by the insertion of the pointed end of a cartridge or other instrument, so that the plate may be detached and the cartridges removed, should occasion require. The magazine well holds ten cartridges which are under constant .ver-

tical pressure exerted by a follower plate 62 actuated by an accordion spring 63 positioned between the follower plate and the closure plate in a way to support the cartridges and elevate them with parallel movement for engagement by the loading mechanism.

The receiver also includes a chamber 64 to receive the hammer 65, trigger 66 and a pair of spring actuated sears67 and 68 of the firing mechanism. n

'Ihe breech block 45, shown detached in plan and side elevation in Figs. 16 and'18, includes longitudinal guideways (S9-69, Fig. 19, to engage corresponding ways 44-44 on the sides of the receiver and whereby it is adapted to reciprocate on the receiver, for the purpose of ejecting the exploded shells, cooking the hammer on its backward movement, and chambering the cartridges'upon its This breech block may be manually operated in its reciprocatory movements through suitable .toggle mechanism `by an operating handle and slide bar 70 later to be described. The breech block further includes a central longitudinal bore 71 in which the firing pin 72 is mounted for limited sliding movement. The rear end of this pin, when the breech block is in its for-` ward or closed position, is in alignment with, and exposed to be struck, by the hammer 65 whereas the smaller and forward endis posi-` tioned in line with the cartridge primer in the gun barrel' and adapted to strike it when driven forward by the hammer.

A recess 73 is formed in the receiver adjacent the upper end of the before mentioned hole 46 to receive the head -74 of the positionable safety ldevice 48. A spring actuated detent pin 75 is positioned in this head and its operating handle and has its forward end projected into a groove 76 in the side wall of the recess and into which said free end of the pin slides for seating in either of the pockets 77 when in register therewith, to re tain the safety in either its locked or unlocked position. One side of the lower end portion of the rocker shank 47 is cut away as at 78 to permit the projected shoulder portion 79 of the trigger 66 to swing clear when the safety arm is projected to the right, in the firing position, as shown in Fig. l. On the top surface of the safety is a small lug 80 which, when in firing position, slidesinactively in a groove 81 and in which also slides a fixed cartridge knockout lug 82 on the receiver. If the operating handle of the safety is thrown to safe position to the left while the breech block is in its rear open position, the lug 80 is moved to a transverse position and engages afnotch 83 in the breech block thereby holding the gun open for reloading,

cleaning or other purposes.

84 represents an automatic safety bar, the forward end portion of which is slidably guided in ways 85 on the hand slide of the receiver. The rear end of this slide rod is pivotedly connected to the trigger 66 and upon the top side of its forward end is provided a pair of notches 86 forming a double cam into which rests an arrow head 87 upon the end of a latch 88 pivotally supported at "ils 89 to a depending boss 90 in the side of the receiver. This latchv 88 is `provided with an upwardly. extended lug 91 for engagement with the rear end of the hand slide 92, .so that when said slide bolt is shoved forward to its extreme position and the action correspondingly locked, the latch 88 is free to raise back of the end of the hand slide, and the trigger is free to be operated, whereas, iffor any reason,'the action is not entirely closed or while the gun is open during ',flringand the said slide 92 not vin its extreme forward position, the latch 88 will be depressed and held downvin one of the notches in 'a way to prevent operation of the trigger. "93 `is a 2 sov spring, see Fig. 5, ythat is supported around the trigger pin94 and an upper pin 95. This 'spring is a U-sha'ped spring, alike on the two sides of the trigger, with the trigger hanging vin the-loop of the U for engagement and mainvided 'with springs 101 and 102 which normally tend to force said free ends into, the notch 99 of the hammer. The hammer engaging end of the firing sear 68 is slightly shorter than the hammer engaging end of the automatic sear 67. The trigger has formed upon its upper end .concentric with its pin 94 a firing cam 103 that engages the rear leg of firing sear 68 and a shorter cam 104 engaging the rear leg of the automatic Sear 67.

Fig. 7 shows the position of the parts immediately following tiring and recoil, wherein the automatic sear 67 has come forward to engage the notch of the hammer, the hammer still being depressed by the breech block, leaving the shorter leg of the Sear 67 in contact with the cam 104. The tiring sear 68 is being held out of engagement with the hammer by the cam 103, but with the partial release of the trigger, the tiring cam 103 lets down the tiring Sear 68 and retires the automatic sear 67 so that when the trig er is fully released, the firing sear is entire y released and the position of the automatic sear and firing scar are exactly reversed from their former position shown 1n Fig. 7. Just prior to reaching this final position and at a point when the forward leg of the automatic sear 67 has moved out of en agement with the hammer, the said hammer y virtue of its spring takes a small movement forward, resting on the short leg of the firing sear 68 in cocked posi'- tion, said vtiring scar having, as mentioned before, a shorter forward leg than the automatic sear 67. Thisl mechanism is for the purpose of preventing the gun from being fired more than once without fully releasing the trigger.

Upon the rear of the magazine wall is formed a knockout lug- 82 which slides in a groove 81 on the under side of the breech block 45 and engagesthe bottom of the shell when pulled back with the block `by the-extractor 105, thereby .knocking it out of the gun when fired and the action opened. The cartridge extractor is carried by the breech block 45 and serves to withdraw the shell with the rearward movement ofv the 123, forming joint A.

breech block and has a limited independent Eilse kand fall movement upon the breech oc Underneath Vthe barrel 42 and between it and the gun stock is a gas cylinder 106 closed at its forward end by port plug 107 having a port 108 in registry with a like port 109 in the barrel 42. A yoke ferrule 110 encircles the forward ends of the stock, barrel and plug, and has its lower portion split and secured together by a screw' 111, the plug being positioned and fastened in the gas cylinder 106 in alignment with the piston 112 in a. way to receive gas through the port 109 of the barrel to act upon the piston 112 within the gas chamber 106. The piston rod 113 is provided with a key integral 114 for engagement with the slidable action yoke 115. This key is turned circular on its top side, see Fig. 12, and flat upon its under side and fits into a corresponding matrix socket in the ac- "tion yoke 115. This action yoke is free to slide backward and forward uponl the barrel, between the end of the extension of the receiver 40, and the circular flange 116 formed on the barrel, with each movement of the piston and recoil spring 122, the piston serving to operate the assembly in one directionV and 'the spring in the other. This action yokeis enclosed, see Fig. 12, by the wood gun stock 33 and hand guard 38. The end of this tubular piston rod is fianged andv rests against the rear side of the action yoke as at 117 to further secure the parts together. The piston 112 and its rod 113 are further secured by a detachable plate 118 adapted to be positioned in ways 119, Fig. 24, of the yoke and having a struck up tongue 120 which snaps in back of the flanged end 117 of the tubular piston rod. Telescoping into the tubular piston rod 113 is a guide tube 121, the rearwardtenlarged end of which is held in position by the screw 52 seated in the floor plate, and upon this tube is mounted a recoil spring 122 whose forward end abuts against the end flange 117 of the piston rod and serves to maintain the action yoke inA a forward position and the rifle closed.

123 represents an action bar, the forward Yend of'which is-^secured\-to theV action yoke 115 by means of screws 124. The under side of the rear end of this action bar is provided with dovetail ways 125 that engage and slide in a corresponding dovetail 126 formed upon the top side of the extension 4 0 of the receiver so as to allow of free reciprocation of the said action bar on the top side ofthe barrel. A transverse hole 127 is formed through the rear end portion of this action bar.

screw 130 in a manner to leave them free to oscillate within the hole12l`? of the action bar h link Xt d ee `s e en down along the sides of the extension 40 of receiver and the barrel and operate yin and out of the clearance pockets 131 formed .in opposite sides of the receiver, and are-pivotally connected as at B with the short links 132 of the main toggle by means of trunnions and screws 133.

The particular point of connection B of the operating link with the toggle link is determined by the ratio of travel of the act-ion yoke to the length of the cartridge for which the gun is designed. Short cartridges would require lthis connection to be located at or nearer the mutual joint than shown in the drawings, while longer cartridges would necessitate said connection being placed nearer the fixed fulcrum of the short link. y

In Figs. 26 to 30 inclusive, I have shown what is called an unequal toggle which forms one of a pair used on my gun. |Ihis toggle when in closed position as shown in Figs. 1 and 30, is not adapt-ed to be moved unless broken by slight circular movement of the joint C about D as a fixed fulcrum, the fulcrum D being at the end of the short link 132 attached to the receiver and around which all movements take place. The short links of the two toggles are pivotally connected as at C to the long toggle links 134 whose other ends are hingedly connected to the breech block 45 as at E by being provided with hub portions 147 that'are positioned to turn in sockets 148 of the breech block, and are held in turning relation by means of a key 149 that is hingedly attached to the ,breech block as at 150, so as to allow the parts to be readily assembled. The long link 134 is further provided with lips 135 which are carried therewith and adapted to be seated in correspondingly shaped recesses 136 of the receiver when the toggle is in its forward closed position, see Figs. 15 and 28. This construction, when the toggle is closed, serves to form a more rigid structure and prevents any tendency of the parts to spread laterally.

Locking lugs 137 are formed on the breech block for the double purpose of providing a bearing for the hub pivot E of the long link and taking the strain of the explosion, which obviously tends to separate the barrel from its breech. A like lug 138, and for the same purpose, is formed upon the receiver extenson 40, whose forward face forms an arc concentric with the circular hub portion of the short link as at D and receives the eX- plosive strain transmitted through the links, thus forming a locked linkage whose joints are all in abutment longitudinally and locked laterally by the lips and recesses 135 and 136 respectively. v

The mutual joint C of the toggle, as between the radially movable end of the short toggle and the associated end of the long toggle, is formed by providing an outwardly projected stud 139, upon the short arm, having an annular groove 140 upon its outer end portion which projects beyond the surface of the long link, when the stud is positioned in the hole of thelong link, as when assembled. The long link is also provided with a pin 141, the outer end portion of which also projects slightly and is provided with a like annular recess 142 similar to that formed in the stud 139. This means, together with the attached associated key plate 143, serves to hold the associated ends of the toggles together. This key plate is provided with two key-hole shaped orifices 144 and 145, one to receive and interlock with the groove of the stud 139 and the other to receive and interlock with the groove in the pin 141, the method of attachment being to apply the plate over the ends of the stud and pin and slide plate longitudinally into engagement with the annular grooves, vwhereupon'the spring of the plate snaps over theend of the pin 146 thereby locking it in permanent position until removed by a reversal of the above operation.

`When the last shot has been fired and the magazine emptied, the follower plate 62 is elevated to a position between the barrel and breech block in a manner to lock the latter in its rear position when the lug 80 of the` safety device is in line with notch 83 of the breech block, leaving the safety in position tobe' manually operated. The movement of the safety moves back the breech block slightly, releasing the follower plate which heretofore has held it in its rear position. Coincident with this movement of the safety device the cut-away portion of its shank 7 8 is rotated out of position with the sears and trigger projection presenting its cylindrical surface which serves to lock said sears and trigger. The gun is now in a position to receive la new magazineload after which, the safety device may be moved to firing position allowing the recoil spring to close the action thereby inserting the top cartridge and releasing the sears and trigger in readiness for firing. This action of the safety device in holding the breech block back coincidentally with locking the firing action precludes any possibility of premature discharge of the gun during loading orprior to closing of the' action.

In addition to the above action and at the same time, the automatic sear 84 is also lockj ing the trigger, in rear position, by virtue of the arrowhead 87 of the latch 88k being depressed into engagement with cam notch 86 becauseof the rear position of the slide bolt 92 which locked relation is maintained until the gun action is finally closed,vas outlined in the above paragraph descriptive of the hand safety device during reloading.

The operation of the gun as described is as follows z-with the firing of the gun, gas is passed, after passing of the bullet, through the ports 109 and 108 into the gas cylinder 106, the expansion of which gas in said chamber serves to drive the piston 112 rearward in its tubular cylinderV 106 against the action of the recoil spring 122 mounted on the guide tube 121 whose other end is fixed in the forward end of the receiver and held by the screw 52.

The rearward movement of this piston, its piston rod, the aixed action yoke 115, and the action bar 123 is effected by the movement of the piston, with the result that the connected upper ends of the toggle actuating control links 129 are also carried rearward causing their ends which are connected with the short toggle 132 to raise it sufliciently to break the toggle and carry the .joint C of the short toggle link from the position shown in Fig. to that shown in Figs. 4 and 27 at the extreme of its travel. This operation of the toggle links slides the breech block rearward upon its way in a manner to cause the extractor to withdraw the exploded shell, eject it from the gun, as it strikes the knockout lug 82, at the same time cocking the hammer, releasing an additional cartridge from the well, and allowing the top cartridge in the well to spring up in position to be shoved forward into the barrel with the return of the breech block. This return movement follows quickly and automatically by reason of the reaction ofthe spiral spring 122 which had previously been compressed by the rearward movement of the piston. The forward movement of the action bar 123 is caused by the recoil spring, thereupon A in position to be fired by again pulling thev trigger, whereupon the cycle are repeated.

of operations In some forms of guns an inertia weight may be substituted for thepiston in which case the action yoke and action bar would connect directly with the upper toggle actuating links 129, thereby functioning the gun by resultant energy and not direct, inasmuch as the weiglzt is accelerated by the rearward recoil of the gun, checked by the shoulder of the operator, the rifle being thus checked, the weight continues to 'move rearwardly and functions the gun in identical manner with the gas energy as above described. In still other applications of the toggle and controlling links of my invention, the barrel itself may be the recoiling member in which case the joint A of the controlling link will be vfixed. .In all applications, however, it is a relative and not an actual change of the members which is affected to suit the ballistic conditions. A

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secure by, Lette Patent is:

1. In a. gun, the combination of a barrel and a breech block separable in coincidingl rectilinear manner, pairs of toggle links whose operative ends are connected to said barrel and block respectively, and actuating links having one end connected to one link of each toggle pairs near their mutual joints for operating and locking the toggle links, which in turn and in consequence operates and locks the barrel and breech block together. l

2. In a gun, the combination of a barrel and a breech block separable in coinciding rectilinear manner, long and short link toggle pairs whose operative ends are connected to said barrel and block respectively, and an actuating link .with one end connected to the short leg of the toggle pairs near the mutual joints for operating and locking the toggle links, which in turn and in consequence operates and locks the barrel and block together.

3. In a gun, the combination of a barrel and a breech block separable in coinciding rectilinear manner, long and short link toggle pairs whose operative ends are connected to said barrel and block respectively, and an actuating link with one end connected to the short leg of the toggle pairs near the mutual joints for operating and locking the toggle links, which in turn and in consequence operates and locks the barrel and block together, said mutual joints or connected ends of the toggle pairs being adapted to rotate about the operative ends of the short links.

4. In a gun, the combination of a barrel and a breech block separable in coinciding rectilinear manner, long and short toggle pairs whose operative ends are connected to said barrel and block, and actuating links with one end connected to one of the toggle links adjacent the mutual joints and which mutual joints of the toggle pairs are adapted when closed to align with but forward of one lof said operative ends on a common center line.

' 5. In a gun, the combination of av barrel and a breech block separable in coinciding rectilinear manner, long and short toggle pairs whose operative ends are connected to said barrel and block, and actuating links with one end connected toone of the toggle links adjacent the mutual joints and which mutual joints of the toggle pairs are adaptedy when closed to align with but forward of one of said operative ends on a common center line, said mutual joints of the toggle pairs being; adapted to rotate about 'an operative end of one of the toggle links.

6. In an automatic gun, the combination with a gun barrel and a lbreech block, of toggle links whose operative ends are connected to the breech block and barrel respectively for opening and closing operations of the gun, an actuating link one end of which is pivotally connected to one of said toggle links intermediate its ends for operating the toggle links in a manner to move the same in a coinciding rectilinear manner n the opening and closing of a gun breech.

7. In an automatic gun, the combination of a gun barrel, a breech block, of long and short toggle links whose operative ends are connected to the breech block and barrel respectively for the opening and closing operations of the gun, and actuating links connected to the short links intermediate its ends for operating the toggle links in a manner to move the same in a coinciding rectilinear manner in the opening and closing of a gun breech. 4

8. In a gun, the combination of a gun barrel` a breech block, a long and short toggle link whose operative ends are connected to the breech block and barrel respectively and adapted to move in a coinciding rectilinear manner in the opening and closing of a gun action, and an actuating link one end of which is pivotally connected to the short link intermediate its ends for operating the toggle,

' which connected end in closed position aligns with and forward of one of said operatingv ends.

9. In a gun, thecombination of a gun barrel, a breech block, a toggle comprising a long and a short link whose operative ends are connected to the breech block and barrel respectively, and an actuating link connected to the short link intermediate its ends and whose mutually connected ends are adapted, when closed, to align with and forward of p ne of said operating ends on a mutual center 10. In a gun, the combination with a gun barrel and a breech block, of a toggle comprising a long and a short link whose operative ends are connected to the breech block and barrel respectively, and an actuating link connected to the short link intermediate its ends, and whose mutually connected ends are adapted to travel about the operative ends of the short links.

ll. In an automatic gun, the combination with a gun barrel and a breech block, of a toggle comprising a connected pair of links whose operative ends are connected to the breech block and barrel respectively and an actuating link connected to one of said toggle links intermediate its ends for operating the toggle, the connected mutual ends of said toggle links adapt-ed to travel about the operative end of one of said toggle links and to align with and forward of one of said operating ends.

l2. In an automatic gun, the combination of a gun barrel, a receiver and a breech block,

longand short toggle links whose operative ends are connected to the receiver and breech block respectively for the opening and closing operations of the gun, and actuating links connected to the short links intermediate their ends lfor operating the toggle links in a manner to move the same in a coinciding rectilinear manner in the opening and closing of a gun, the toggle links having lugs in engagement with the breech and barrel for taking the explosive strain.

13. In an automatic gun, the combination of a receiver and gun barrel, a breech block, long and short toggle links whose operative ends are. connected to the breech block and barrel respectively for the opening and closing operations of the gun, and actuating links ends of which are pivotally connected to the short links intermediate its ends for operating the toggle links in a manner to move the same in a coinciding rectilinear manner in the opening and closing of a gun breech,

the toggle links and said barrel and breech each having lugs to register with others to take the explosive strain.

14. In a gun, the combination of a receiver and gun barrel, a breech block, a hiammer and trigger, a safety device including a pair of sears each having two depending arms, one each for engagement with the hammer and the remaining arm to engage and be operated by the trigger whereby said sears may be made to alternately engage or disengage the hammer with the different positionings of the trigger.

15. In a gun, the combination of a gun barrel and a breech block, a hammer, a trigger, connections intermediate the' hammer, sears and trigger, sears for holding and releasing the former, a4 safety device adapted to be moved into and out of the path of movement of the trigger, said safety device also including a lug for engagement with the breech block to lock the same with the locking of the trigger.

16. In a gun, the combination with a gun barrel and breech block, a hammer, a'pair of sears, a trigger, a safety for the trigger and sears including a rotatable shaft-like member having one side cut-away to clear engagement of the sears with the hammer to hold it in a cocked position, a rotatable safety device positioned adjacent to the trigger and arm of sears having a cut-away portion to receive said trigger and scar when in firing lposition and adapted to be moved out of "nected to onelof said toggle links fory operating the latter. v

19. In an automatic gun, the combination of a receiver, a gun barrel secured thereto, a breech block slidably mounted on the receiver, an action yoke slidably mounted upon the barrel, means for reciprocating the yoke, an action bar connected with the yoke, a toggle intermediate the receiver and breech,

means carried by the action bar and connected to the toggle for operating the latter, a hammer and trigger mechanism, a safety device having means for locking the trigger againstiring and to, hold the breech block against .premature forward movement when loadin v20. n an automatic gun, the combination of a receiver, a gun barrel securedthereto, a breech block slidably mounted on the receiver, a trigger and hammer, an action yoke slidably mounted upon the barrel, an action bar connected to the yoke, a toggle comprising links whose operative ends are connected to the receiver and breech block respectively, a hand bolt connected with the action yoke, a safety bar connected to the trigger, a latch adapted to engage and lock the safety bar and trigger against movement by the operation of the hand bolt.

21. In an automatic gun, the combination with a gun barrel, a receiver, a gun action having a-.breech lblock separable from the i barrel, a toggle comprisingl a connected pair of links whose operative ends are connected to the breech block and receivervrespectively, a third actuating link one end of which is pivotally ,connected to one of said toggle links intermediate its ends for operating the tog'- gle and 'locking same in closed position, the connected mutual ends of said toggle links adapted to travel about the yoperative end of one of said toggle links and to align with and forward of one of said operating ends.

22. In an automatic gun, the combination with a gun barrel,a receiver, a breech block, a hammer, 4a trigger, a pair of pivotally hung sears eachhaving a pair of arms one of each to engage the hammer and the other to engage thetrigger whereby the hammer is engaged and disengaged by the movement of the trigger, spring means to manually hold the sears in engagement with the hammer, a safety de-.

vice ,to block and jfree both lthe sears and trigger to control their operation, and means for of a gun barrel, a receiver to which it is secured and breech block, a gas chamber having ports communicating with the bore of the barrel, a piston mounted in the gas chamber,

a spring yfor operating the piston in one direction, a slidably mounted action yoke connected with the piston to be operated in one direction by the action thereof and in the opposite direction by said spring, an action bar connected with the yoke, a toggle intermediate the receiver and breech block comprising long and short toggle links whose operative ends are connected to the breech block and receiver respectively, an actuating link carried by the action bar and connected with the short link of the toggle intermediate its ends for operating the toggle to open and close the breech.

24. In an automatic gun, the combination with a receiver having a gun barrel mounted therein, of a breech block slidably mounted upon the receiver, means for opening and closing the breech through a toggle comprising a long and short link, an action yoke slidably mounted upon the barrel and having actuating connections with the short links of the toggle, and ahand action bolt connected with the slidable action yoke for operating the latter, the toggles and breech block.

25. In an automatic gun, the combination of a gun barrel, a breech block slidably mounted with respect thereto, means forl actuating the breech block including a pair of toggles including a long and short link, a slidable action yoke, an acti-on bar to which actuating links are connected, a hand action bolt connected to operate the action yoke, a hammer and trigger, and a safety bar connected with the firing mechanism and interlocking the hand action bar for locking the firing mechanism when action is not closed.

26. A gun action mechanism comprising a.

slidable action bar and means for operating the same, a pair of actuating links having aligned pivotal connections with said bar, a pair of toggles, each comprising a long and short link hingedly connected together,said

action links also having aligned pivotal con' nections with. said short links whereby the mutually connected ends of said toggles are adapted to travel about the opposite ends of the short links.

which is pivotally connected to the short link intermediate its endsand whose mutually connected end is adapted to travel about the operative hinged end connected to the receiver and to align with and forward of said hinged end.

28. In `an automatic gun, the combination of a receiver and gun-barrel, a breech block, a hammer and trigger Within the receiver, a safety device including a sear for engagement with the hammer' and trigger in a manner t0 lock the hammer with respect to the position of the trigger, an operatable safety member for engaging and disengaging both the trigger and Sear in a way to block and free the same.

29. In an automatic gun, the combination of a receiver and gun barrel, a breech block, a hand action bolt for operating the gun, an automatic safety for locking the trigger either forward or back if the breech is not fully closed, comprising a latch adapted to engage the hand bolt, a sldably mounted safety bar connected with the trigger and adapted to engage the latch if depressed fromany but closed position of the hand action bolt end.

Si ed at Bridgeport, in the county of Fair eld and State of Connecticut, this 14th day of November, A. D. 1929.

CHARLES SCHNEIDER COLE,

Images