US1838464A

US1838464A - Machine for making cases for books

Info

Publication number: US1838464A
Application number: US245539A
Authority: US
Inventors: Steinmann Walter
Original assignee: United Shoe Machinery Corp
Current assignee: United Shoe Machinery Corp
Priority date: 1928-01-09
Filing date: 1928-01-09
Publication date: 1931-12-29
Anticipated expiration: 1948-12-29

Description

29, 1931. w, sTlNMANN 1,838,464

MCHXNEl FOR MAKING CASES FOR BOOKS Filed Jan. 9, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Dec. 29, 1931. w. sTElNMANN 1,838,464

I MACHINE FOR MAKING CASES FOR BOOKS Filed Jn. 9, 192e 5 `srljefzs-sheet 2 505` F95 511 Zay @D ff ,i n' @f 131 155 ,i

Dec. 29, 1931. w. s1':-:i|\JM/m-1l\lv MACHINE FOR MAKING CASESlFOR BOOKS 5 sheets-Sheet 3 Dec'. 29, 1931. w.4sTE|NMANN 1,838,464

MACHINE FOR MAKING CASES FOR BOOKS Filed Jan. 9, 1928 5 Shee'ts-Sheet 4 Dec. 29, 1931. W. STEINMANN 1,838,464

MACHINE FOR MAKING CASES FOR BOOKS Filed Jan. 9, 1928 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 559 VEN TUR.

@mmm

l@ margins of the boards. In the manufacture Patented Dec. 29, 1931 PATENT oFFicE WALTER STEINMANN, orfivnwanmnnw annSnissIGNoR 'ro UNiTEn stron MA- CHINERY coaronarroiv, or JERSEY PATE-BSCN, NEW JERSEY,` A CORPORATIDN -OF NEVT MACHINE* For;l Martine cAsEsIr-,on Books Application filed January 9, L1928. `Serial No.24r5,7539.

This invention relates to machines for making cases for books and is herein illustrated as embodied in a machine'which is particularly adapted to the manufacture of flexible cases. Y Y

Cases for books commonly comprise la cover of flexible material, such as cloth, paper or leather, and two boards, the margin' of the cover being folded over lul'aon'they adjacent of these cases, a-cover is first .coated with glue or othersuitable adhesive, `two boards replaced upon the cover in proper position, and then the margin of the cover isfolded overf the `adjacent edges'of the boards and pressed into place. The great majority of book cases have boards which vare thick and stiff; and when such a book case isV being made, the margin of the cover may be readily folded over the boards, ,sincev the stiff, strong edgesof the boards deine-theline of fold and are not kliable to be crumpled or `otherwise bent during the foldingV operation. When, however, boards are used which are thin and flexible, provision should be' made foripreventing crumpling or bendingof their edges during the time that the margin of the cover is being folded over them.

`According to one feature ofthe present invention, there is provided a swinging folder for folding the marginof the work over the body portion thereof, and a member for holding the body portion -of ithe work `down upon a worksupport, the construction being such that the holddownV member is moved progressively, during the folding operation, in a direction to carry it out of the path of movement of the folder.V In 'theillustrated construction the'folder is normally upright, the assembled cover andboards being-pushed down past it soI that a margin of thecover `is bent np against the operative face of theffolder. The holddown, which as willpresently be explained is carried by a `picker-head, atthis time engages the margin of the board. As the folder is swung to bend the margin'of the cover over the board, the folder presently engagesthe holddown and pushesit progres- Rively `from -beneath the margin of the Vcover `as the margin is being folded. `Afswinging` folder, as contrasted with the usual reciproeating folder, has'much less tendencyto bend Vmachine/four folders arranged so asto fold the four sides or edges of the'book case two at a time, anda plural-ity of holddoivnscooperating with these folders.

In 'the' use of machineso-f the general type of the one illustrated, the cover is first `coated with Vglue and placed adjacent to the folding mechanism, and then a feeder or 'pickerhead takes two boards from a source of supply, places them upon the glue-coated cover, pushes the boards and cover into the field of action of the folding mechanism and remains n" in contact with the work during the folding operation.` Then thick, stift boards are used `it has been customary Vto pile them in two stacks, and to'fed the two lowermost boards of the stacks into a position to be seized by the picker-head; but such a procedure would be vobviously `impractical when lthin, flexible boards are to be used. j

With this inview and according to another feature of the present invention, each ofthe tWo boards is taken from theitop of a stack by the illustrated'pickereheada lifter being lprovided to bend up the margin of` each board and thus tc ensure that only one board ata time shall be taken from a stack, Vmeans being provided for moving Vthe holddown, which as'has been indicatedV is carried "by thepicker-'head, into a position to -permit it to passby the lifter when the picker-'head descends upon thestack. lIn :the illustrated construction the' boards are arrangedin two Een stacks, therebeing'. a; lifter for each stack i and each of the liftersbeingin the forinof a sucker which engages one margin of each board in the corresponding stack and bends it up. the saine locality in which two 'of'the :holddowns would strike the vsuckers when the m5 These suckers engage'the boardsfin downs engage the `boards during the fold- Ving operation, .and consequently the hold :non

picker-head descends upon the stacks unless provision were made for moving them at the proper time. In the illustrated machine the holddowns are pivoted to the pickerhead, are swung out of the way of the suckers when the picker-head descends upon the stacks, and are swung into operative position again when the picker-head rises.

These and other features of the invention, including certain details of construction and combinations of parts will be described as embodied in an illustrated machine and pointed out in the appended claims.

Fig. 1 is a perspective of a machine in which the present invention is embodied;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view showing more particularly the mechanism for removing a board from the top of a stack;

Fig. 3 is a perspective of the holder for the stacks o-f boards;

Fig. 4 is a perspective of the picker-head and part of the folding mechanism;

Figs. 5 and 6 are details in section showing a folder and a co-operating` holddown in two different positions;

Fig. 7 is a perspective of the folding mechamsm;

Fig. 8 is a perspective of one of the folders and the bar upon which it is mounted;

Fig. 9 is a view from beneath of a part of the same folder and bar which are shown in Fig. 8

Fig. 10 is a view principally in section of the mechanism for pressing the folded book cases and ejecting them from the machine; and

Fig. 11 (Sheet 2) is an elevation showing a sucker and the adjacent blower.

The illustrated machine in many respects is the same as the machine described in United States Letters Patent No. 580,111 granted April G, 1897 upon an application filed in the name of Jacobs. Referring to Fig. 1, the machine comprises a mutilated cylinder 21 upon which the cover of a bool; case is placed and by which it is carried into `contact with a glue roll (not shown) to apply glue. to certain portions of the cover. The operator stands at the right-hand end of the machine, as viewed in Fig. 1, and places the forward edge of the cover against the down-turned ends of gage fingers 23 with a side edge of the cover in contact with a gage finger 25. The cylinder 21 is given complete rotations intermittently; and it .is in a pause between rotations that the edge of a cover is placed against the gage lingers. During a rotation of the cylinder, the forward edge ofthe cover is pressed against it by lingers 24 which operate first lto engage the cover so that the cover is carried around by the cylinder and then to release the cover at the end of the rotation. Then, immediately, he edge of the cover, which has thus been coated with glue, is 'seized by the grippers 27 of a horizontally reciprocable transferrer slide 29. rthis slide is fast at one end to a cord 31 and at the other to a cord 32, and is actuated by the pairs of pulleys 33, which are caused to rotate first in one drection and then in the other at the proper times, the cords being fast to the pulleys.

During the first half of the reciprocation of the slide 29, the cover, which was seized by the grippers 27, is brought into position over a cover support in the form of a platform 35 and released so as to remain upon said platform, the upper face of which of substantially the same size that of the finished book case and is thus somewhat smaller than the unfolded cover. The last half of the reciprocation of the slide 29 to return said slide to initial position does ,not take place until after the cover has been folded.

The platform, which is adjustable as to length and width to provide for different sizes of book cases, is located in a rectangular opening bounded by four bars 37, .39, 41 and 43, the

bars

39, 41 and 43 being adjustable so as to vary, when desired, the size of the opening. This platform is movable verti cally in a manner presently to be described. The

bars

37 and 39 are at one level and the

bars

41 and 43 at a lower level. Each of these bars carries a folding element, and these elements are operated in pairs in such manner that the folding elements of the

bars

37, 39 operate first to fold the top and bottom margins of thecover and then, when the partly folded case has been lowered to the field of action of the folding elements of the

bars

41, 43, the folding elements of those bars fold the side margins of the cover.

At the time when the glue-coated cover is delivered by the transferrer slide 29 upon the platform 35, the top of the platform is nearly iiush with the tops of the

bars

37, 39, so that the top and the bottom margins of the cover rest respectively upon the bar 37 and the bar ,39. After the glue-coated cover has been placed upon the platform 35 with its top and bottom margins overlying respectively the

bars

37 and 39, two boards are placed upon it.

These boards 100 are taken, two at a time, f

from a locality at the rear of the machinethe left-hand end as viewed in Fig. 1-by a suction picker-head 45 carried by an arm 47 fast to the upper end of a shaft 49, said shaft liu being raised and lowered as well as rotated degrees first in one direction and then in the opposite direction at the proper times by mechanism not shown. In order to ensure that the picker-head shall descend accurately into its two down positions, two upright stationary studs 46 are adapted to enter holes in the outer ends of arms 43 which are rigid with the picker-head arm 47 and the shaft 49. The picker-head is provided on its lower operative face with suction cups, not shown,

s'i tailed description.:

which are operated by' an air pump and suitable valves, also not shown, through the shaft 49, the arm47 and flexible tubesO, the shaft and arm having suitable air passages formed therein.

`Assuming that the shaft 49 is in itsdown position at the rear of the machine with the picker-head engaging two boards V100, the shaft is raised until the cross-armslS are above the studs 46, is then swung through 180 degrees so that the holes in the cross arms i8 are again in register with the studs, and is then lowered to press the two boards 100 down upon the glue-coated cover which rests upon the platform 35. The picker-head and the platform are then moved farther down until the top and bottom margins of the cover are bent up vertically and the work hasbeen lowered into the field of operation ofthe top and bottom folding elements carried bythe. bars 37, 39. These folding elements are then operated to fold the top and bottom margins of the cover, and then the work is moved still farther down into position to havethe side margins of the vcover folded. Thereafter the folded case is pushed sidewise by an ejector 5l to a pressing device, indicated as a whole at 53, and from this device is fed out of the machine. The picker-head rises, swings 180 degrees and picks up another pair of boards. Meanwhile the transferrer slide 29 returns to receive another glued cover, andthe operations, which have been described above, are' repeated.

BrieflyV then, the operator stands in front of the cylinder 21 and, during a pause in the rotation of the cylinder, places a cover against the gages 23. The Vcover Vis first carried around by the cylinder to receive a coat of glue and is then deposited Vby the transferrer slide 29 upon the platform 35 which then occupies its uppermost position. Immediately the picker-headdescends to press two boards upon the glue-coated cover.;V and then the 1 boards and cover are moved down first into position to have the topvand the bottom margins of the Vcover folded over the boards. The picker-head is raised slightly toY permit the platform 35 to rise under spring'pressure Y `and press these top and bottom folds against the under sides of 4the folding element-s.

iifterthe top and bottom margins have thus been folded, the work is carried down by the picker-head and the platform. into the field Vof operation of the folding elements which are carried by the bars ill, 43, whereupon the side margins arefolded and the folds pressed. Thereafter the folded case is presented to the pressing device 53 and then fed out of the machine. i The machine as thus far described is substantially the same as that disclosed in the Letters Patent referred to, reference being made to those'Letters Patent for a deare carried by the end bars 83,

' Machines like that disclosed in said Letters Patent have been used hitherto to assemble andrfold book cases, the boards of which are comparatively thick and stiff, while the present invention provides a machine of this type whichV is adapted to assemble and fold book cases,the boards of which arethin and flexible. In general, the machine` herein illustrated differs from the patented `machine in 'hat there are provided mechanisms different from those of the patented machine for handling the boards, for folding the margins and for pressing the folded cases.`

Referring now more particularly toFigs. 2

and-3, two stacks of boards, each board being .plain`ed, by a pawl 7l.

The two stacks of boards are enclosed in two skeleton magazines, the plate 6l serving as a common bottom for both of them. Inasmuch as the two magazines arepractically alike, onlyl one of them will be described in detail. Referring to Fig. 3, the magazine nearest to theobserver has end walls formed respectively by twoupright bars 81 and two upright bars 83, and side walls formed respectively by two upright bars 85 and two upright bars 87, all of these bars having inturned lower ends which are adjustably fastened to a stationary plate 88. Adjustably fastened'to the tops of the bars 85 are abutments 89 and the bars 87 are provided with like abutments 89. These abutments, together with an abutment 91 on one of the end bars 81, restupon the top of the stack and thereby cause the upper boardto buckle somewhat when theboard is lifted by the picker-head. As will be explained below, these abutments form one of several devicesdesigned Vto ensure that only one board at a time shall be removed from each stack. Y

ln order to hold the upper tiers of boards of thestack in proper position cross-wise and lengthwise of the magazine, leaf-springs 93 areattached at their lower ends to the side bars 85, said lower endsbeing about halfway down the side bars; and similar leaf springsv (also `indicated by the numeral 93) VWhen the picker-head engages the top boards of the stacks to lift them, there is a tendency for two boards4 to be lifted from each stack; ln'order to ensure that only one board shall be lifted fromeach'stack, suckers .and blowers are provided, the former to lift its lille ses EDO

an edge of each top board and the latter to blow beneath the lifted edges. Thus there are provided blowers which have their nozzles respectively mounted in and extending through short cross-bars 97, 99 which are .tast respectively to the bars 88 ol the right-hand magazine (Fig. 3) and to the corresponding bars of the lett-hand magazine. The nozzles ot the blowers are connected by rubber pipes 101 with a box 102 into which leads apressure pipe 103 from an air pump. rllhe blowers thus operate continuously while the machine is running. rlllhe box 102 contains a slide valve 104 but this valve, which is manually operable, has no connection whatever with the blowers, its function being to permit the suction to the picker-head to be broken when desired so that no boards will be picked up.

The suckers, on the other hand, are operated intern'iittently and are iii-st lifted so as to lift the edges of the boards and then swung away from the stacks oi' boards so as to be out of the path of the topmost boards when said boards are li'jted by the picker-head. The manner in which the snel-:ers swung out of the upward path of movement ot the boards will be described lirst. 'll he nozzles 105 of' the suckers are mounted in the upper ends of upright bars 107 which are t. a horizontal. Ushaped member, designated au a whole by the numeral 109. This member is really made of three parts, two an gie irons adjustably connected by means of a short bar which is brazed to one angle iron and adjustably tas tened to the other angle iron by means of a slot 106 and screws 108, the affljustable connection being' for the purpose of spacing the two magazines dililerent distances apart as may be desired. For he purpose, however, of cxplaining the movement of the suckers, the tlshaped member 109 may be consideren as all of one piece. The short` legs of' this U-shaped member are pivoled respectfully to ltwo

arms

111, 113 which are .sul'istantially alike, the arm 1123 being shown in ,tull in Fig. 2. 'lhis arm is pivoted at 117 to one leg of the lul-shaped member 109 and at 115 to a stationary part 01"' the machine. 1t has at its upper lett-hand end a flange 119, the corresponding flange ot the arm 111 being indicated at 121 in Fig. 3. The upper edges of the legs ot the U-shaped member 109 are beveled, s shown best in dotted lines in Fig. 2, to permit the U-shaped member to rock in a coniiter-clockwise direction about the common axis of the pivot 117 and the corresponding pivot (not shown) at the other side ot the magazines when, as will be explained. the outer ends ot the

arms

111, 113 are swung up to cause the suckers (alter they have been lifted by mechanism presently to be described) to swing out of the path of upward movement ot the topmost boards. The

arms

111 and 113 are normally held down yieldingly by Springs, the one which holds the arm 113 being indicated at 118 (Fig. 2).

rThis spring has its middle portion extending around the stem oit a stationary screw, one end of the spring resting upon a stationary part of the machine, and the other end resting upon the flange 119 of the arm 113.

In order to swing the

arms

111, 113 upward, each arm has in its outer end a pin, the one in the arm 11? being shown at 123 beneath which extend pins 127 (1*`ig.2) and128 (Fig. carried by a rock-shaft 125 This rock-shaft is mou ted in bearings in stationary plates 129; a nd, rotatable in bearings in the same plates, is a second rock-shaft 151 Near one end ol the rock-shaft 125 (Fig. Il) is fastened a linger 133; and near the corresponding end ot the rock-shaft 131 is fastened a linger 135, the linger 135 overlying the linger 133 so that, when the rock-shaft 131 is rocked in a direction to swing the linger 133 down, the rockshat't will be rocked in the opposite direction counter-clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 2. When this occurs, the pins 127, 128 on the rock-shaft 125 li ft the outer ends ot' the arms 11?, 111 and at the saine time an arm 137, which depends from the rock-shaft, pushes against one or the upright bars 107 below the level ot the pivot 117 so that the suckers are swung about said pivot out of the path of upward movement oic the two top boards of the stack. I

The shaft 131 is rocked at the proper time by Contact ot a cam 139, (Fig. l), on the rear pulley with a block 111 pivoted at 1414- on the outer end ot an arm 143 the hub oli which is fast to the rock-shaft 131. Then this arm is swung down, the suckers are swung away from the stacks ot boards. rlhc pulley 34, as has been explained, rotates first in one direction and then in the other so that the cam 139 lirst moves up past the block (as shown in F ig. 1) and then down, in which latter movement it depresses the arm 1413 and rocks the shaft 131. Because oi this movement ot the cam 139, the block 141 has a yoke at its rear end which straddles the flattened outer end olf the arm 143, the pivot 1114s pz ssing through the arms of the yoke and the flattened outer end ot the arm. rhe rear ends of the arms ot the yoke are beveled, as shown best in Fig. il, and contact with inclined shoulders formed at the junction of the round portion of the arm 1&3 with the llattened outer portion. The lock 1411 can thus rock upward about the pivot 11st but cannot rock downward. A tension spring 145, tast at one end to the block and having its other end extending over the arm 113, holds the block normally in the position shown.

The mechanism which has just been described serves to swing the suckers out of the path of upward movement of the topmost boards of the stacks, this swinging away being timed to occur after the picker-head has started to litt said boards. Before, however, the suckers are thus swung, they are 'sie fas

tube 155V leads to va Vlifted so as to `lift theedges ofthe top-most boards. This is accomplished (Figs. 2 and3) by pushing up the Abars 107 in which theV 1 of a Ufshaped swinging member 149, the arms of which are pivoted to a stationary part of the machine about alined pivots, one of which is shown at 150. The U-shaped member v149 is swung up by' an arm 152 pivoted to astaticnary part of themachine at 154., the upper outer end of the arm resting against the under side of the'cross-bar of the U- shaped member. This'arm 152 is normally in its lowered position, being supported by a finger 156 which engagesa beveled surface on Athe under side of the outer end of the arm. This linger is fastened bysc'rews158 to the outer end of a slide bar160 so that, when the bar is moved to the right as viewed in Fig. 2, he arm 152 swingsup carrying with itthe U-shaped member 149 which in turn lifts the bars 107 .and consequently the suckers. It is not until these movementshave taken place and the suckers have lifted theedges of the topmostboards of the stacks that the rock-shaft 125'lifts theouter ends of the

varms

113, 111 to cause'thesuckers to swing away from the stacks about the axis of the pivot 117 in the manner which has been described. The slide bar-160 is an extension of a rackbar, shown and described in theLetters, Patent referred to, through which the pickerhead shaft 49 is caused to oscillate.V L

The suckers are connected by rubber tubes 151 Vwith a union 153, fron'owhiclrar rubber valvefboX 162 (Fig. ,7) `from. which air is exhausted through a pipe 164. The stem 166 of thevalve (not shown) which controls thev operation of the suckers is` held up by a spring 168 and is located beneath the outer end of `a rocker-arm 170 so that, when the rockerearmdepresses the valve, vacuum is produced in the sucker nozzles. The rocker-arm 170 Vis identical with the Vcorresponding arm of the patented machine and serves,as will presentlybe eX- plained, to operate part of the folding mechanism.

It is desirable that 'the tops of the stacks of beards, from which the picker-head ies successive pairs of boards', shall be al- Y ways at substantially the sanielevel when the picker-head descends upon them. To this end the rod. 63 is held against upward movement, inthe position of parts shown in Fig.V 2, bythe pawl V71 whichengages teeth formed on the rod. This p'awl is pivoted Vat 75 to a stationary part ofthe machine and has atail `adapted to be engaged and lifted at the Uropcr times by movement of a leve'r`77 the stacks of boards,

Valso pivoted toaJ stationary part ofthe machine. This lever is swungabout its pivot rby downward movement -of ayertical .rod 7 9 which is slidable in bearings in a station-f ary part of the machine and'has at its upper end an armSO from the outer'. end'of which a pin 82 projects upwardly. When y the picker-head moves down to pick up two boards, the arm 47, by which 'the head is carried, strikes the pin 82fandthrows'out the pawl. This does not take place, however, until the pickerwheadin its downward movement has depressed the stacks a short distance. When the picer-head rises the pawl '71 againengages one of the'teeth 7 3 and thus arrests: further upward movement of the stacks of boards by the spring 67.V The level `at whichthe tops ofthe stacks `are normally maintained by the pawl 71`may vary, of

course, by about the distance between two adjacent teeth 73 but should never vary more than that. These teeth, inv the illustrated machine, are one sixteenth of an inch apart and in most cases will be farther apart than the thickness of one of the boards. -Boards 'commonly used for flexible book cases are often, asV has been stated, about ten thousandths :of Van inchl in thickness. Assuming for convenience that their thickness is twelve and one-half thousandths of an inch, then Vlive of them have a combined thickness of one-sixteenth *of anvinch. In such case the pawl should engage the same tooth on the rod'63 during the removal of the firstive boards from the tops of the stacks and should then engage the next lower tooth so as to permitthe tops of the stacks to return to their original 4level andrso on. i In this way the levelof the tops'of the stacks is main'g 'tained uniform within a one-sixteenth inch possible variation 'or within a possible variation'wliich depends upon how line the,v teeth 73 are made.` v

The picker-head moves rapidly down upon e unlocks the pawl 71, vdepresses thestacks and then rises quickly,

`the pawl 71 becoming effectiveV again during the upward movement of the picker-head, as has been explained above.. It may happen, owing to the quick upward movement of the rod 63, that the pawl 71 engages the teetha little too late and consequently permits the tops of the stacks to rise toa little toohigh a level. In order to correct his errer, if itdoes occur, and to ensure that the tops of the stacks are at the desired level when the picker-head Vdescends upon them, there 'is provided a pusher 163 which engages the Vtop of the boards of one of the 4magazines (Figs. 2 and 3),` beforethe picker-headreturns for another board, and pushesthe stack down if it isftoo high, intoa' position slightly below the desiredlevel. VAnd, inasmuchas the two stacks are'supported upon the same plate 61, they, of course, 'move down together. If now the pawl 71' (Fig. 2) is in engagement with a tooth lower down upon the rod than it should engage, the proper tooth is brought into engagement with it. To provide for effecting the desired operation of the pusher 163, it is fast to the outer end of an arm 167, the inner end of which is fast to the lower portion of a substantially upright curvedlever 171 pivoted at its lower end to a stationary part of the machine, the pusher being normally held up in inoperativeposition by a leaf spring 175 fastened at one end to a. stationary part of the machine and having its free end extending be neath the arm 167, said arm being swung downwardly to depress the stacks of boards when the picker-head is 180 degrees from the position shown and is moving down between the bars of the folding mechanism. The curved lever 171, by which the arm 167 and the pusher'163 are carried, is swung to the left by a part of certain mechanism for preventing overthrow of the picker-head when it swings from the stacks of boards to the folding mechanism and back again. Fastened to the top of the shaft 49, which carries the picked-head, is a cylindrical member 177 (Figs. 1 and 2) in a peripheral groove of which is located a friction band 179. Fast to this band is a horizontal arm 181 the outer end of which carries a roll 183, said roll eX- tending into a vertical slot in a stationary upright bar 185. The upright lever 171 is held against the horizontal arm 181 by the leaf-spring 175 which has been described above. 1t will be evident that, when the pieler-head moves down, the arm 181 will swing the arm 171 more or less to the left, depending upon how far the picker-head moves down. lVhen the picker-head moves down upon the stacks of boards (see Fig. 2) the movement does not continue down far enough to cause the pusher 163 to become operative. lvhem'however, the picker-head has been swung 180 degrees and moves down in the locality of the folding mechanism, it moves down much farther and, at that time, the upright lever 171 is swung far enough to the left to cause the pusher to engage the top of the right-hand stack and push the stacks down. The pusher, as has been eX- plained, always carries the tops of the stacks down to a level just slightly below the desired one so as to ensure that the pawl 71 shall Vengage the proper one of the teeth 73 if it has not already done so.

Before proceeding to a description of the rest of the machine. the mode of operation of the mechanisms which have been described will be briefly reviewed, and the timing of the various operations with respect to each other indicated.

Assuming that a cover has been folded over the boards, the picker-head rises, swings 180 degrees and comes down upon the stacks of boards, as shown in Fig. 2. In this position of parts the picker-head is moving down and still has a short distance to go. As it moves down, the arm 47 engages the pin 82 and throws out the pawl 71. pushes the stacks a little farther down and then starts to move up so that the pawl 71 is presently permitted to engage one of the teeth 73. Usually it will engage the proper tooth; but in ease the upward rebound of the rod 63 due to the spring G7 is too rapid, the pawl may engage, for example, the tooth below the proper one so that the tops of the stacks are slightly too high. 1n such case, the stacks are pushed down by the pusher 163 to the proper level and the proper tooth is engaged by the pawl when the picker-head is acting in conjunction with the folding mechanism in a position 180 degrees 'from that shown in Fig. 2.

Returning now to a `consideration of the action of the suckers and blowers which cooperate with the picker-head, during the downward movement of the picker-head the suckers are rendered operative to seize the two top boards near one of their edges and are lifted by means of the Ll-shaped member 149 the arm 152 and the finger 15G which moves to the right. The blowers, it vill be remembered, are blowing continuousljv and at this time blow under the lifted edges of the two top boards. Fig. 2 shows the parts ofthe machine in this position, the hold-down 287 presently to be described having been s vung inwardly out of the way of the suelters. Before the picker-head has risen any considerable distance, the suction in the suol-:- ers is broken and the shaft 125 is rocked to cause the suckers to swing, about the axis `of the pivot 117, out of the path of movementv of the boards so that the edges of the boards shall not catch on the suckers. When the top boards are lifted by the picker-head their edges are held down momentarily by the abutments 89 (Fig. 3) and the corresponding' abutments at the top of the walls of the lefthand magazine, with the result that the boards are buckled; and this buckling is particularly effective to permit the blowers te separate two boards, if two boards from one stack have been lifted by the picker-head. The picker-head now lifts the boards, swin 180 degrees and carries them down to the folding Inechanism.` as will. p esently be described in detail., after which it returns for two more boards.

Inasmuch as the boards are thin and flexible, the machine is provided with hol d-downs to engage and hold down the margin of ther boards during the folding operation, and is also provided with swinging folders which perform the folding operation. Referring first to Figs. 5 and 6, the construction and the general mode of operation of one of the hold-downs and one of the folders will be de- The picker-head scribed, the construction and mode of operation of the other hold-downs and folders being substantially the saine. i When the picker-head 45 places a pair of boards upon a cover, which then restsupon the coversupport 35, and the picker-head and cover support move down between the bars V37, 39 into the field of'action of the folders which are to fold the top and bottomV margins of the cover, the top and bottom margins of the cover are bent up by being pushed down past the folders, one of which is shown at 207 F ig. 5 shows the parts in this position. The picker-head rests upon a board 100, the cover being indicated at 200. The hold-downs are in the form of narrow substantially flat bars,

one of which is shown at203. They are ear-l ried at the lower ends of arms, one of which is shown at 205, said arms being pivoted at their upper ends, to the picker-head structure, as will be described, and yieldingly held in their outer positions in which the outer edges of the hold-downs registerV substantiab ly with the edges of the boards. The folders, one of which is shown at 207, as has been indicated, are pivoted respectively to the

bars

39, 37, and 43 Fig. 7 thelocation of the pivot of the folder 207 being indicated by the small cross in 6 to which the reference numeral 350has been applied. This axis is located at a distance below the bar 39 substa nti ally equal to the thickness fof the folder actuator bar 209 plus the thickness of the folder 207 and ata distance to the left of the bar 39 substantially equal to the thickness of the folder 207. In Figs. 5.and 6, the barV 39 and its associated parts are shownl The folder 207 is swung about its axis into the position shown in Fig.Y 6 bythe folder acti.- ator liar 209 which is moved horizontally to the left at the propertime. As the folder 207 swings to the left, itpresently contacts with the arms 205, since the distance from the pivot to the hold-down at that time is less than the .width of the folder, and steadily pushes them, together with the hohl-down., to theleft so that the hold-down gra-dually recedes as the fold is made. With this construction and mode of operation covers may be folded over very thin flexible boards without crumpling the boards or causing a wavy appearance in the folded edge of the Vcompleted case.

The folding mechanism, aside from theV hold-downs, is like that of the patented machine except that in the patented construction there are no swinging folders, and the bar 209 and theY others which correspond to it are the folders, whereas in the present construction these bars are the actuators of the swinging folders. Beferringnow more particularly to Figs. 7, 8 and 9, the mounting and actuation of the swinging folder 207 will be described. The bar 39 has a groove in its under side in which a narrow bar 211 of the bar 211.

`215 pivotally mounted upon the top of the folder-actuating bar 209. The bar 211 is reciprocated by means of a rod 217 (Fig.` 7) which vengages a yoke 219 fast to oner Vend This same `rod also engages a yoke 221 which is fast to a bar like the bar 211 but mounted in the stationary bar 37. The rod 217 is held in the upper end of rocker arms, one being shown at 223, which are rocked at the proper time. The folderactuating bary 209 has flanged ends,' the iianges of which rest upon short `supporting barsr225., 227 which have cut-away portions `upon their adjacent upper faces to receive the flanges at the ends of the folder-actuating bar 209. With this construction\vliich is substantially like that of the patented machine, the folder-actuating bar 209 is moved transversely of bar 39 when the bar 211 is moved longitudinally due to the diagonal slots 213 in the bar 211 andthe small' blocks 215 carried by the bar 209. Theswinging folder 207 has pivots at its endswh-ich are received in bearings in the outer ends of

short plates

229, 231 which are fastened to the under sides respectively of the bars 225,

227. A spring 2 33, fastened at one end to the plate 231 and engaging the under side of the folder207, tends at all times to swing the folder up against the edgeof the bar 39- into a substantially uprightV position,` as shown in Fig. 7, at which time pins `235, located at the edge of the folder are received in holes 236 formedin the edge of the bar.

The" purpose of the pins is to avoid a possii 'i Y ble `position of parts in which parts of the machine might be broken. After the top and `bottom margins of the cover have been folded and the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 6, the picker-head, as in the patented machine, is raised slightly to permit the cover support 35 to be raised to press the fold against the under face ofthe folder. If the pins were not present, the hold-downs might swing over thefolder, in which case, when the pickerehead moved down again, the folders or the hold-downs would be broken.

It is believed to be unnecessary to explain theconstruction and mounting of the other three swinging folders which are carried respectively by the

bars

37, 41 and 43 since said constructionv and mounting is the same as that of the swinging folder 207. In Fig. 7 the swinging folder of the bar 37 is indi'- cated at 237 andthatof the bar 41 at 238.

Referring now more particularly to Fig. 4, the hold-downs are carried, as has been explained, by the picker-head. there is fastened, one to each side of the picker-head arm 47 two

U-shaped members

253, 255. `A rod 257 extends'. through the ends of the legs of `these members `and through the arm 47. Fastened to the bases To this end,

of the

U-shaped members

253, 255 respectively are two more

U-sliaped members

259, 260; and a rod 261, like the rod 257, extends through the outer ends of the legs o these members. rEhe near ends ot the rods, as viewed in Fig. 1, have adjustably fastened to them collars 263, 265 into which are threaded the opposite ends of a cross-rod 267 and the ends of the rods 257, 261 carry, in a similar manner, a cross-rod 269. The :tour rods thus form a rectangular traine which is rigid with the picker-head.

rThere a re two alined hohl-downs adjacent to the bar 39, one ot which is shown at 203, two alined hold-downs 271, 273 adjacent t0 the bar 37, one hold-down 275 adjacent to the bar #13, and one hold-down 277 (Fig. 1) which is vadjacent to the bar 41 when the parts of the machine are in the positions shown in Fig. 4. The hold-down 203 is fast to the lower ends ol curved arms 205 which are integral at their upper ends with a cross bar 279, the arms and the cross-bar forming a yoke. This yoke member is rotatable on the rod 261 and has integral with it an upstanding; arm 281. The opposite hold-down 271 is mounted on the rod 257 in the same manner as the hold-down 205 is mounted upon the rod 257; and the yoke 232 of the hold-down 271 has an upstanding arm 233 which is connected with the arm 281 by a tension spring 235. These two hold-

downs

203, 271, are thus normally held yieldingly in their outermost positions, said positions beingv determined by contact of the under side of the cross-bar 279 with the top of the member 259 and by contact of the under side of the cross-bar 232 with the top of the member 253. The hold-down 273 and the hold-down 287 (Fig. 1) opposite to it are mounted in the same manner as are the hold-

downs

271, 203 which have just been described; and the

upright arms

289, 291, which correspond to the

upright arms

233, 231, are connected by a tension spring 293, which corresponds to the tension spring- 235. The two

alined holddowns

203, 237 on the one hand and the two alined hold-downs 271, 273 on the other engage respectively the top and the bottom of the boards during: the folding operation. The hold-down 275, which engages a side margin of one oli the boards, is tast to the lower ends of the arms of a yoke 295, which is rotatable upon the rod 267. The cross-bar of the yoke 295 has fast to it an angle iron 297, the upright arm of which is connected by a tension spring 299 with a similar upright arm ot a similar angle iron 301. the latter angle iron being tast to the cross-bar of a yoke 303 rotatable upon the rod 269 and having;F fast to the lower ends of its arms the hold-down 277. lt will be observed that the rod 267. which carries the hold-down 275, may be adjusted bodily by loosening` the setscrews (not shown) which hold the collars 263, 265 on the rods 257, 261 and sliding the collars along,` the rods; and the rod 269 which carries the other side-hold-down may be sinnlarly adjusted. In order to permit a line adjustment of the hold-down 275 about the rod 267 a set-screw 304 is threaded through the tail of the angle iron 297 and contacts with the member 253. A set-screw 306 furnishes means for adjusting;` the position ot the opposite hold-down, and further setscrews may be provided, it desired, for the top and bottom holddowns.

`When the picker-head is swung over the stacks of boards, as shown in Fig. 1, the

holddowns

203, 287 are each above one oi the suckers and must be swung in betore the picker-head is brought down upon the stacks. To this end the long,V arm of' an angle iron 305 has a small, horizontally projecting flange 307 (Fig. 4;) which is fastened by screws 309 to the top of the yoke which carries the hold-down 237 (Fig. 1), the long arm ot the angle iron being` thus in contact with the inner edges of the

upright arms

281, 291. Then now the picker-head moves down from the position shown in Fig. 1, the end of the short arm of the angle iron 305 contacts with the top of stop 311 carried by the frame of the machine and is rocked upwardly about the axis of the rod 261, whereupon the alined hold-

downs

203, 237 are swung in and thus do not contact with the suckers when the picker-head moves farther down. After the suckers have performed their function and the picker-head rises, the angle iron 305 is lifted from the stop 311, and the hold-downs resume their proper position with their outer edges in register with the edges of the boards. 1

It has been explained above that, after the folding; operation has been completed, an ejector 51 (Fig. 1) delivers the folded cover to a novel pressing device indicated as a whole by the iu'lmeral 53 and shown best in Fig. 10. The folded cases are delivered between

small rolls

313, 315 which pass them on into a position between the adjacent runs olf two

belts

317, 319. The belt 317 passes around a. driving;- roll 321, around a roll 323 and over and under two rolls 325, the roll 323 being' adjustable as shown so as to keep the belt 217 at the proper tension. The belt 319 is mounted in a manner similar to that oi. the belt 317 on the rolls V327, 329 and 331. rlhe upper presser rolls 325 are mounted in stationary bearings carried by a bracket which is part of the trame ot the machine. The lower presser rolls, however, have their bearings in blocks 3f 3 which held up by springs 335. The blocks 333 have at their lower portions oppositely extendingl flanges having' bores through which pass downwardly extending; pins 337, the pins being' rigid with the machine rame. The spring' 335 bca r with their upper ends against the underside of the blocks 333 and atthcir lower endsrest upon washers which in turn rest upon nuts1339; With this construction the lowerpre'sser rolls 331 may yield; andthe force with which the cases are pressed maybe Varied by turning the nuts Although the invention has been set forth as embodied in a particular machine, it

should be understood thatthe invention is ninety degrees,- means for bending the margin not limited in the scope of its application to the particular machine which has been shown and described. Y Y

Having thus described myv invention, what I cla-im as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States-is: 'i

l. A machine of the class described having,

in combination, a support for apiece of work, an angularly movable folder having an operative face, the angle between which and the plane of the work support is'normally at least ninety degrees, means'for bending'the margin of the work and causingfit to lie against the operative face of the folder, and means for swinging the folder about 'its axis of angular movement.

2. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a'support for a piece of work, an angularlymovable vfolder having .an operative face, the angle between which and the plane of the work Vsupport is normally atleast of the work and causing it to lie against the operative face ofthe folder,- and a folder actuator bar movable substantially parallel to the plane of the work support to swing the {folder about its axis of angular movement.

3. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a support for apieceof work,

an angularly movable folder having an operative face, the angle between which and the plane of the Work support is normally at least ninety degrees, means for bending the margin of the work and causing it Vto lie against the operative face of the folder, and a folder kactuator bar movable substantially parallel to the plane of the work support to swing the folder about its axis of angular movement, said axis being located substantially at vthe intersection ofthe plane of the operative face of the folder when said face is at right angles to the work support, anda planeparallel tol the lower face ofthev actuator bar and` spacedV below said lower faceva distance substantially equal to the thickness of the folder.l

4. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a support for a pieceof work the margin of which is -tobe folded over the body portion thereof,` a hold-down for engaging the work along the desired line,

of fold, means including the hold-down for bending the margin upwardly, an angu-` larly movable folder, andmeans for causing the folder to be swungabout its aXisof an-v gularmovement to lay the margin over-.theV F body portion of the workand thehold-down i to be moved out of the path of movement of the folder during thefolding operation.

Y 5'. Amachine of-the class described hav-rV ing, in combination, a support for a piece,`

of work the margin l'of which is to be folded over the body portion thereof, means for bending the margin into a substantially up#` right position, an angularly movable folder, a hold-'down for engaging the work along the desired line of fold, and means for swinging the folder about its aXis o fangular movement to lay the margin over upon the body portion of the work and for'movingthe hold-down out of the path of movement ofthe folder.

V(-A .machine :for folding the margin of the cover of'a book case over theboards there of having, in combination, a support for the book case, a hold-down adapted to engage'v the margin of a`board,-apivoted folder, and" means for swinging the' folder about its pivot to fold the margin of the cover 'over the margin of the board, the folderduring its swinging movement engaging the hold-downand pushing vit out of the path of themargin of 1 the cover as it is being folded.

ica

boards of aV book case, hold-'downs adapted to engage opposed margins of the boards, pivoted folders, -andimeans for swinging the; folders about `their pivots to fold vsaid margins of the coverover the boards, said folders acting to move the hold-downs progressively away from the edgesof the boards.`

9. VA machine of the class described'having, i

, in combination, a support for a pieceof wor a margin of which is to be folded over the body portion thereof, a hold-down'adapted-to engage the work along the desired lineA of fold, an angularly movable folder, and means for swingingthe folder toward the hold-down about its axis of angular movement, said axisi being located at `a distance from` the. hold-vv down less than the width of the folder whereby the swinging folder contacts with the holddown and moves it out from beneath the margin of the work. f

, l0. A machine of the class described havjing, in combination, a support for the cover and boards of a bookcase, hold-downs 'adapt- Ved to engage'opposed margins of the boards, 'folders ffor bending said margins of the cover 'over the edges of `the boards, pivots about which tlie folders may swing, and means for ing folders contact with the hold-downs and move them out from beneath the margin of the cover.

11. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a support for the cover and boards of a book case, said support being movable in a substantially rectangular opening in the machine, normally upright pivoted folders forming part of the walls of the opening, means for forcing into the opening a book case the cover of which is larger than the opening whereby the n'iargin of the coveris bent upwardly against the faces of the folders, and means fory swinging the folders about their pivots to fold the margin of the cover over the boards.

12. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a support for the cover and boards of a bool; case, said support being movable in a substantially rectangular opening in the machine, normally upright pivoted folders forming part of the walls of the opening, means for forcing into the opening a book case the cover of which is larger than the opening whereby the margin ofthe cover is bent upwardly against the faces of the folders, hold-downs carried by the forcing means and adapted vto engage the margins of the boards, and means for swinging the folders about their pivots to feld the margin of the cover over the boards, and for moving the hold-downs away from the edges of the boards.

13. A machine for making book cases having, in combination, a cover support, means for placing a cover upon said support, means for placing boards upon the cover andv for moving the support to and causing it to remain for an interval at each oftwo different levels, a pair of folders located at each of the two levels and angularly movable about axes substantially parallel to the adjacent edges of the boards, and means for swinging the folders about their axes to fold the margin of the cover over the boards.

14:. A machine for mal-:ing book cases having, in combination, a frame having an opening therein, a movable cover support located in the opening, means for applying adhesive to a cover and for placing the cover upon the support, means for placing boards upon the cover and for forcing the cover and boards into the opening whereby the margin of the cover is bent upward, pivoted folders ar ranged at different levels in the opening, means for moving the' cover and boards to said levels, and means for swinging the folders about their pivots to fold the margin of the cover over the'boards.

15. A .machineof the class described havi ing, in combination, a support forthe cover and boar-ds of a book case, a folder, a pickerhead for placing the boards on the cover and for holding the boards and cover against the down for engaging a margin of a board, and means for pivotally mounting the hold-down on the picker-head. y

16. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a support for the lcover and boards of a book case, folding mechanism, a picker-head for placing the boards on the cov-er and for holding the boards and cover against the support during the operation of the folding mechanism, hold-downs for engaging opposed margins of the boards during the folding operation, and means for pivotally mounting the hold-downs on the pickerhead.

17. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a support for the cover and boards of a book case, there being a substantially rectangular opening' in the frame of the machine to receive the support, aivofed folders arranged in said opening, means for moving the boards and cover into the field of action of the folders,'and reciprocating actuators for engaging the folders and swinging them about their pivots.

18. A machine ofthe classydescribed having, in combination, mechanislnfor folding' a cover over a board,a support for a board, a picker-head, means for causing the pickerhead to descend upon theboard and to lift it and transfer it to a cover, a lifter adapted to extend over the margin of the board and to co-operate with the picker-head in' lifting the board, a member carried by the pickerhead and adapted to engage the margin of the board during the folding operation, andmeans for moving the member into a position to permit itto pass by the lifter when the picker-head descends upon thc board.

v 19. A machine of the class describedhaving, in combination, mechanism for folding a cover over a board, a support for a board,

by the sucker when the picker-head descends upon the board.

20. 'A machine of the class described having,A in' combination,folding mechanism adapted to receive a covei-a support for a stach of boards, a picker-head, means for causing the picker-head to approach the stack remove a board therefrom and transfer it to the cover, a lifter adapted to engage the support during the folding operation, a hold- Lesa-ieu awayfrom the stack lto ensure the removal ing, in combination, folding `mechanism,a support for 'a stack of boards, a7 feeder adaptof one board only bythe picker-head, a holddown mounted on the picker-head andnormally held in position to engage said margin ofthe board, and'meansv for vmoving the hold- .downY out of the way of the lifter whenthe picker-head approaches the stack. Y

2l.` A machine of the class described having, in combination, folding mechanism adapted to receive a cover, a supportlfor a stackw'of` boards, a picker-head, means for causing-the picker-head to descend upon the top ofthe stack and to transfer aboard from ;the stack to the cover, asucker normally located above the stack and adapted to lift up the edge of the top `board to ensure the removal of only one boardat a time bythe picker-head, a hold-down mounted on the i picker-head and adapted toengagesaid margin of the board during the folding operation in the saine Vlocality in whichrit was engaged by the sucker, and means for moving the holddown Vout of the way lof the sucker when the picker-head descends upon the stackof boards.r Y

22. A vmachine of the classdescribed hav-V ing, in combination, folding `mechanism adapted Vto receive a'cover, a support for a lstack of boards,` a picker-head, means-for cated above the margin of the board, a holda down adapted to engage the margin of` the board during the folding-operation, said hold- .1

down being pivotally. mountedon the pickerhead, a member .carried bythe picker-head,

movementof which swingsthe hold-downv :I about its pivot, and a stop located adjacent to the support forrthe `sta'cltin position-to engage and movesaid memberlwhen-the picker.- head descends.l v A 23; A machine `of the class-described having, Iin combination, folding mechanism, a

support fora stack of-boards, alsuctionfeeder adapted to remove a board from the stack and transfer it to the folding mechanism, a Vsucker for holding upan edge ofthe board tofacili-v i tateits removal fromk the stack, and a blower for directing aV blast of'air between the board i f 1 .Y Y. the extent of such movement and thereby deand the stack.

24. A machine of vclass described haved to removea board from one endlof the stack and'transfer lit to the `folding"mechanism, a sucker normally resting againstfthc margin .ofthe end board, vmeans Vfor moving the suckerlto cause it to hold the margin of the board away from the stack at the time of and means acting `during the ymovement of sucker .away from the feeder. Y

,25. A machine` of the class described having, in combination, folding mechanism, Va supportfor a stack of boards,ga feeder adaptedf to approach the stack, to engage the .top board thereof,to lift the board and to transfer it to the folding mechanism, a lifter for holding up the margin of the board at a time when the feeder is in engagement with it, and means-for moving the lifter to one side during the rise of the feeder.

c 26. Almachine of theclass described having, in combination, foldingmechanism, a support vfor a stackof boards, a feeder adapted to` approach the stack, to engage an end board thereof, to move the board away from the stack and to transfer it to the folding mechanism, means for engaging a margin of the' feeder away from the stack to move th theboard `andbending it away from the stack adapted to receive a cover, a support fora Y stack of boards, means tending to move said support upwardly, a toothed member connected to the support, a pawl normally in engagement with the toothedmember to determine the level of the top of the stack, said level being above that of the folding mechanism, a feeder movable to engage the topmost board of the stack, to push the stack down, to f rise and carry the board into position above the folding mechanism, to lower the board uponl the cover, to move down to present the cover to the folding mechanism and to rise again, means for rendering the pawl inopera-` tive when the stack is being pushed down by the feeder and for 'rendering it operative when the stack is rising,rand means for depressing the'stacka second time and permitting'it to rise again when the rfeeder is moving down and up in the locality of the folding mechanism.

- 28.` A machine of the class described having, in combination, folding mechanism, a support for a stack of boards, a spring tending at all times to move said supportupwardly, a pawl normallyoperative for limiting termining the level of the top of the stack,

a feeder adapted to engage the topmostboard of the Stack,to press the staclrdown and to rise and'transfer said board to the folding mechanism, andV means for rendering the pawl Vinoperative during the downward movement ofthe stack and for rendering it Operative again stack. Y

' 294A machine'of the 'class described hav-- during the upward movement ofthe ing, in combination, av support'forthe stack of blanks, means tending to move said support Vupwa-rdly,=a` locking membernormally :en-

gaging the support to limit the exent of its upward movement, a feeder adapted first to push the stack down and then to rise and carry away the topmost blank of the stack, and means for disengaging the locking member from the support and for permitting it to engage the support again during the movements of the stack.

30. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a support for a stack of blanks, yielding means tending at all times to move said support upwardly, a locking member normally engaging the support to limit the extent of its upward movement, a

" feeder adapted first to push the stack down and then to rise and carry away the topmost blank of the stack, means for disengaging the locking member from the support and for permitting it to engage the support again during the movements of the stack, and means for pushing the stack down a second time before the feeder returns for a second blank.

.31. A machine of the class described havmg, in combination, a. support for a. stack "of blanks, a spring tending at all times to move said support upwardly, a toothed member connected to the support, a pawl normally in engagement with the toothed meinber to determine the level of the top of the stack, a feeder adapted to engage the topinost blank of the stack to push the stack down and to rise and carry away said blank, and means operating during the downward movement of the feeder for rendering the pawl inopera- I tive and during the upward movement of said feeder for rendering the pawl operative.

32. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a support for a stack of blanks, a spring tending at all times to move said support upwardly, a toothed inember connected to the support, a pawl normally in engagement with the toothed member to determine the level of the top of the stack, a feeder adapted to engage the topmost i blank of the stack to push the stack down and to rise and carry away said blank, means operating during the downward movement of the feeder for rendering the pawl inoperative and during the upward movement of said feeder for rendering the pawl operative, and

means for pushing the stack down a. second time and releasing it before the feeder returns for a second blank.

A machine of the class described having, in combination, a. support for a stack of blanks, a spring tending at all times to move said support upwardly, a toothed member connected to the support, a pawl normally in engagement with the toothed member to preventupward movement of the support and thereby determine the level of the top of the stack, a feeder adapted to engage the topmost blank of the stack, to push the stack downward, then to rise and carry away 7 said blank, and a member, movement of which withdraws the pawl from engagement with the toothed member, said member being located in the downward path of movement of the feeder.

34. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a support for a stack of blanks, means for lifting the topmost blank from the stack, and abutments extending slightly over opposite margins of the topmost blank whereby said blank is buckled when it is lifted.

35. A machine for folding the margins of the cover of a book case over the boards thereof having, in combination, a support for the work, a folder angularly movable about an axis parallel to and near the surface of the work support, and means for swinging the folder about said axis to fold a margin of the cover over a board.

36. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a support 'for a piece of work, a folder pivotally movable about an axis parallel to the surface of the work support and spaced therefrom a distance equal to the thickness of the folded work, and means for swinging the folder about its axis of pivotal movement tofold the margin over the body portion of the work.

3T. A machine for folding the margin of the cover of a book case over the boards thereof having, in combination, a support for thc case, a folder pivotally movable about an axis parallel to the surface of said support and spaced therefrom a thickness equal to the thickness of the case, means for bending a margin of the cover and causing it to occupy a position located in the path of movement of the folder, and means for swinging the folder about its axis of pivotal movement.

38. A machine of the class described having, in combination, mechanism for folding a cover over a board, a support for a board, a picker-head, means for causing the pickerhead to descend upon a board and to lift it and transfer it to a cover, a lifter adapted to extend over a margin of the board and to cooperate with the picker-head in lifting the board, a member cairied by the pickerhead and adapted to engage the margin of the board during the folding operation, and means for producing relative movement between the lifter and the member such that the lifter will be out of the path of the descen din g member.

39. A machine ofthe class described having, in combination, folding mechanism adapted to receive a cover, a. support for a stack of boards, a picker-head, means for causing the picker-head to descend upon the top of the stack and to transfer a board from the stack to the cover, a lifter adapted to engage a. margin of a board of the stack, a holddown carried by the picker-head and adapted to engage the margin of the board during lSO the folding operation,

its upward movement, a feeder adapted to remove the blanks one by one from the top of the stack, and means for disengaging the locking member from its support and 'for permitting it to engage the support again during each complete movementof the feeder. Y

-ll. A machine of the classl described having, in combination, a support for a stack of blanks, means tendingto move said support upwardly, locking means normally engaging the support to limit the extent of its upward movement, a feeder adapted first to move down into operative relation lto the topmost blank of the stack and then to rise and carry away said topmost blank, and means for disengaging thev locking means from the support and for permitting it to engage the support again during the movements of the feeder toward and from the stack.

A machine of the class described having, in combination, asupport for a stack of blanks, yielding means tending to move said support upwardly, locking means normally engaging the support to limit the extent of its upward movement, a feeder adapted first to move down into operative relation to the topmost blank of the stack and then to rise and carry away said topmost blank, and means for disengaging the locking means from the support and for permitting it to engage the support again during the movements of the feeder toward and from the stack.

43. A machine of the classdescribed having, in combination, a support for a stack of blanks, means tendingrto move said support upwardly, locking rmeans normally engaging the support to limit the extent of its upward movement, a suction feeder adapted first to move down into operative relation to the topmost blank of the stack and then to rise and carry away vsaid topmost blank, and means for disengaging the lock-V ing means from the support and for permitting to it to engage the supportv again during the movements of the feeder' toward and from the stack.

44. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a'support for a stack of blanks, means tending to move said support upwardly, locking means normally engaging the supp-ort to limit the extent of its upward movement, a feeder, means for h Y a member carried by the picker-head, movement of which moves the hold-down inwardly of the picker-head,

tra

lmoving said; feeder down to engage'the topmost blankof the stack and thenup tocarry away said blank, andfmeansoperating `during thedownward movement of the feeder to disengage the lockin'g'imea'ns"from` the;

support and during the 4upward movement of the feeder to reengage the locking means with the support.

45'. A machine of the ine, of blanks, means tending to move said support upwardly, locking means normally engaging the support to limit the extent of its upward movement, a suction feeder, means for moving said feeder down to engage the topmost blank of the stack and then up to carry away said blank, and means operating during the downwardA movement of the feeder to disengage the locking means from class described havthe support and during the upward move-f` y ment of the feeder to reengage the locking means with the support.

46. A machine of the class described having, in combination, a support for a stack of blanks, means tending tomove. said sup-` port upwardly, locking means normally engaging the support to limit the extent ofits i upward movement, a fixed abutment overhanging the top of the stack and thereby providing a limit above which the top of the.

stack cannot rise, a. blower for directing a blast of air against the edges of the upper blanks ofthe stack, a feeder adapted first to move down into operative relation to the topmost blank of the stack and then to risei and carry away said topmost blank, and means for disengaging the locking means from the support during the downward movement of the feeder and for reengaging the locking means with the support during .s lthe upward-movement of the feeder.

47. A machine of the class described having in combination, a support for a stack of blanks, means tendin-g to move said support upwardly, the support to limit the extent of its upwar movement, a fixed abutment overhanging the top of the stack and thereby providing a limit above which the top of the stack cannot rise, a blower for directing a blast of-A air against the edges of the upper blanks of the stack, a sucker for lifting a margin of the topmost blank of the stack, a feeder adapted first to movek down into operative relation to the topmost blank ofthe stack".

and then to rise and carry away said topmost blank, and means for disengaging the locking` means from the support during the downward movement of the feeder andfor reengaging the locking means with the sup-1" port during the upward movement of the feeder. t

48. A machine for folding the margins of the cover of a book case over the boards thereof having, in combination, a support for the`V infcomb'inatioma support for a stackY locking means normally engaging` :eo Y

Work, a slidingly adjustable folder Supporting member, a folder carried by said member, Said folder being angularly movable about a horizontal axis, and means for swinging the folder about said axis to fold a margin of the cover over a board.

In testimony whereof I have. signed my name to this specification.

WALTER STEINMANN.