US1838389A - Statistical machine - Google Patents
Statistical machine Download PDFInfo
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- US1838389A US1838389A US267556A US26755628A US1838389A US 1838389 A US1838389 A US 1838389A US 267556 A US267556 A US 267556A US 26755628 A US26755628 A US 26755628A US 1838389 A US1838389 A US 1838389A
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- statistical
- indications
- record
- light
- search
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- Fig. l is a diagrammatic elevation of a statistical apparatus embodying my invention.
- Fig. 2 is a view of a controlling transparency.
- Fig. 3 is a view of asearch plate.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a detail part of the apparatus of, somewhat modified form.
- a perforated card can be put in front of a series of selenium cells, light-electric cells, thermo-electric piles or bolometres (called hereafter radiation-indicators). Only the instruments receiving the rays of radiating energy through a perforation will be influenced, all others remaining immobile. A spot translucent for the'kind of radiationin question can be used of course in place of the perforation. This is a particularly great advantage for the process, as thereby the perfo' rated plates can now be substituted by plates made by photography; V
- parency 1 provided with black letters, words, figures or other recording marks can then be used, further a negative 2 of a certain combination of figures or words (called hereafter search-plate) is made.
- search-plate a negative 2 of a certain combination of figures or words
- any instrument sensitive to the radiating energy can be used.
- the human eye can frequently be used wherever simplification of the apparatus is more important than speed. While the thermo-pile and far more the photo-electric cell are capable of following the fiuctuations of the radiating energy with extraordinary speed, the limit of speed with which the human eye can perceive such fluctuations and transmit them to a recording mechanism or counter is about 5 times per second.
- the apparatus is greatly simplified. In the example described above the eye sees immediately whether a complete darkening of the field of vision is obtained or not. In the first instance only a knob connected with a counting device needs to be pressed to ascertain that the combination exists.
- the question to be answered is for instance 1 how many machines of type MN have been exported to the country named GE? A nega tive (search-plate) bearing the letters GE MN 'is then inserted in the machine and the film band showing the statistical indications is run through. On
- the movement of the photographic plate between the various exposures can be done automatically.
- marks in different colours can be printed on these cards, since the radiating energy can act not only by passing through a medium but by Wa of reflection also.
- a process of carrying out adding, sortingystatistical and like operations which consists in exploring indications upon a search element comprising a seach plate and a record element comprising a record card or strip and causing the radiating energy to actuate a recorder when the explored indications upon the search plate and record element are identical, theiindications on one of said elements being penetrable by the rays and the indications on the other element being impenetra ble by the rays.
- a process for carrying out statistical and like operations characterized by exploring a record bearing statistical indications by means of light and causing the light to radiate as means for selecting certain records, and causing the light to impinge upon a sensitive photographic surface upon the statistical indications being of predetermined character.
- a process for carrying out statistical the above example and like operations characterized by exploring a record bearin statistical indications by means of light an causing the light to radiate as means for selecting certain records, said statistical indications being of a difl'erent permeability to light than the remainder of the record.
- a process of carrying out adding, sorting', statistical and like operations which consists in exploring indications upon a search element comprising a search plate and a record element comprising a record card or strip and causing one part of the radiatingenergy to influence a recording means and a second part of said radiating energy to influence an element sensitive to the radiating energy.
- a process for carrying out adding, sorting, statistical and like operations which consists in exploring indications upon a search element comprising a search plate and a record element comprising a record card or strip and causing one part of the radiating energy to influence a sensitive photographic surface and a second party of said radiating energy to influence an element sensitive to the radiating energy.
- a process for carrying out statistical and like operations characterized by exploring a record by means of light rays. and causing said rays to influence photo-sensitive means upon the record being of predetermined character.
- a process for carrying out statistical and like operations characterized by exploring a record bearing statistical indications by means of light and causing the light to radiate as means for selecting certain records.
- a process of carrying out adding, sorting, statistical and like operations which consists in exploring indications upon a search element comprising a search plate and a record element comprising a'record card or strip and causing the radiating ener y to actuate a recorder when the explore upon the search plate and record element are identical.
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- Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
- Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
Description
Dec. 29-, 1931. GOLDBERG 1,838,389
STATISTICAL MACHINE Filed April 5, 1928 GA 347 8 MN 236,60
HL ass a GE 4-32 1 Imaenlor:
MN 223,60 W
Patented Dec; 29, 193.1.
\ GOLDBERG, OF DRESDEN, GERMANY STATISTICAL MACHINE Application filed Apr-11:5, 1928, Serial No.
This invention relates to a method of and means for controlling statistical machines, and its object is to provide a method and means in which counting devices, for example,
may be controlled in action by radiating energy such as rays from a selenium cell, so that simplicity and rapidity of action may be secured.
In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. l is a diagrammatic elevation of a statistical apparatus embodying my invention.
Fig. 2 is a view of a controlling transparency.
Fig. 3 is a view of asearch plate.
Figure 4 illustrates a detail part of the apparatus of, somewhat modified form.
\ It is well known to put in connection strips etc. provided with record marks, perforations etc. with elements closing an electrical 2 circuit so that the current is closed by the perforation and a counter set working. The influencing of these counters was done by mechanic or electric elements actuating across the perforations. The machines were very 95 complicated and their speed rather limited owing to the inertia inherent to every mechanical element. V
It is possible to transmit radiating energy through the perforations or other recording marks with which the cards, strips or bands are provided and thus to influence the counters.
This idea can be realized in various ways. A perforated card can be put in front of a series of selenium cells, light-electric cells, thermo-electric piles or bolometres (called hereafter radiation-indicators). Only the instruments receiving the rays of radiating energy through a perforation will be influenced, all others remaining immobile. A spot translucent for the'kind of radiationin question can be used of course in place of the perforation. This is a particularly great advantage for the process, as thereby the perfo' rated plates can now be substituted by plates made by photography; V
This development of the process is of great importance if a combination of difl'erent statistical records is desired. In place of the perforations a positive photographic transcards,
267,556, and in Germany April 12, 1927.
Any instrument sensitive to the radiating energy can be used. In addition to the above 30 stated devices the human eye can frequently be used wherever simplification of the apparatus is more important than speed. While the thermo-pile and far more the photo-electric cell are capable of following the fiuctuations of the radiating energy with extraordinary speed, the limit of speed with which the human eye can perceive such fluctuations and transmit them to a recording mechanism or counter is about 5 times per second. When the eye is used as an indicator the apparatus is greatly simplified. In the example described above the eye sees immediately whether a complete darkening of the field of vision is obtained or not. In the first instance only a knob connected with a counting device needs to be pressed to ascertain that the combination exists.
A further advantage in the application of the radiating energy as recording device for can show, instead of translucent signs, such of difierent density or colour. It is then' possible to immediately deduce from the strength of the reaction the kind of record mark. When cxartain kinds of statistical indications f. i. the sex of work people, are recorded in a red or green colour, the eye will immediately detect the respective category. A thermopile or a bolometre would in this case act with various deflections of the indicating gal-' vanometre corres onding to the colour or 1ntensit of the ra iating energy and further recor the statistical in i size or number.
Another feature of the above stated invention is the fact that the inst ument indicating the existence of a certain s atistical combination serves to simultaneousl record the statistical indications connected with the combination. The light falling through the; transparency can for instance be divided into two arts by means of a half-silvered mirror 3. Sue part falls on the negative containin the combination desired (search-plate), an
the other on a sensitive photographic plate 4 rotected by a shutter 5, which is mechanicali; or electrically connected with the photoelectric cell 6. Thus the access of light to the photographic'plate is possible when the ra-' diation indicator pecords the existence of the combination desired or looked .for. By this method certain defined cases out of a large number of statistical indications are picked out and recorded on the photographic plate.
' An' example will illustrate the process. The turnover of a commercial undertaking is to be recorded statistically. The markets are to be indicated by different letters, the names of the various clients by three figures, the quantity of machine by figures, the kind of the machines sold by two letters and the amount of money by figures. By means of a special typewriter the Various indications are arrangd on lines closely one beneath the other and photographed on a film band as follows:' GE 145 2 MN 447,20 GE 145 5 PR 17,00 GA 347 8 MN 236,60 HL 285 3 PR 17,00 AB 164 2 FD 3,00 GE 432 -1 MN 223,60
The question to be answered is for instance 1 how many machines of type MN have been exported to the country named GE? A nega tive (search-plate) bearing the letters GE MN 'is then inserted in the machine and the film band showing the statistical indications is run through. On
cations accordingto 1 the first and sixth line of the negative will coincide in sue a way that no light can penetrate. The pointer of the indicating instrument 13 (for instance: galvanometer) will return on the first and sixth indication to zero thus with the film band switching on acurrent by a relay 10 and ac.-
tuatin acounter 12. Simultaneouslya hotograp ic exposure of the 'correspon ing statistical indication is made showing the combination looked for. Thus the number of the sales in question is first recorded and simultaneously (which, is still while all other items not corresponding to this articular combination are eliminated. As t e indications can be photographed on is. ver small scale by means of modern 'hotograp ic methods, the cost is very sma l.
The movement of the photographic plate between the various exposures can be done automatically.
Instead of perforating the statistical cards or stri s, marks in different colours can be printed on these cards, since the radiating energy can act not only by passing through a medium but by Wa of reflection also.
The projection of the statistical record 1 on the search-plate 2 can be done by the lightsource 7 and the condenser 8 as usual. The condenser 9 concentrates then the remaining light on the photo-electric cell 6. The relay 10 intensifies the current ofthe photo-electric cell 6 and brings the magnet 11 to action opening or closing the shutter 5.
I claim:
1. A process of carrying out adding, sortingystatistical and like operations which consists in exploring indications upon a search element comprising a seach plate and a record element comprising a record card or strip and causing the radiating energy to actuate a recorder when the explored indications upon the search plate and record element are identical, theiindications on one of said elements being penetrable by the rays and the indications on the other element being impenetra ble by the rays.
2. A process for carrying out statistical and like operations characterized by exploring a record bearing statistical indications by means of light and causing the light to radiate as means for selecting certain records, and causing the light to impinge upon a sensitive photographic surface upon the statistical indications being of predetermined character.
3. A process for carrying out statistical the above example and like operations characterized by exploring a record bearin statistical indications by means of light an causing the light to radiate as means for selecting certain records, said statistical indications being of a difl'erent permeability to light than the remainder of the record.
4. A process of carrying out adding, sorting', statistical and like operations which consists in exploring indications upon a search element comprising a search plate and a record element comprising a record card or strip and causing one part of the radiatingenergy to influence a recording means and a second part of said radiating energy to influence an element sensitive to the radiating energy.
5. A process for carrying out adding, sorting, statistical and like operations which consists in exploring indications upon a search element comprising a search plate and a record element comprising a record card or strip and causing one part of the radiating energy to influence a sensitive photographic surface and a second party of said radiating energy to influence an element sensitive to the radiating energy. y
6. A process for carrying out statistical and like operations characterized by exploring a record by means of light rays. and causing said rays to influence photo-sensitive means upon the record being of predetermined character. v
7. A process for carrying out statistical and like operations characterized by exploring a record bearing statistical indications by means of light and causing the light to radiate as means for selecting certain records.
8. A process of carrying out adding, sorting, statistical and like operations which consists in exploring indications upon a search element comprising a search plate and a record element comprising a'record card or strip and causing the radiating ener y to actuate a recorder when the explore upon the search plate and record element are identical.
- EMANUEL GOLDBERG.
indications
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE288580X | 1927-04-12 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1838389A true US1838389A (en) | 1931-12-29 |
Family
ID=6059626
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US267556A Expired - Lifetime US1838389A (en) | 1927-04-12 | 1928-04-05 | Statistical machine |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1838389A (en) |
FR (1) | FR657787A (en) |
GB (1) | GB288580A (en) |
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2470877A (en) * | 1945-07-10 | 1949-05-24 | Stuland Tor | Method and apparatus for detecting variations in the appearance of an object or sample |
US2482242A (en) * | 1948-06-09 | 1949-09-20 | Remington Rand Inc | Code selector |
US2496435A (en) * | 1944-03-14 | 1950-02-07 | James M Boyle | Apparatus for sorting and/or selecting record cards |
US2564440A (en) * | 1949-04-28 | 1951-08-14 | Maser | Machine for viewing and photographing documents |
US2628539A (en) * | 1945-01-04 | 1953-02-17 | Neergaard Leif Eric De | Method and means for recording and reproducing displacements |
US2783389A (en) * | 1950-05-31 | 1957-02-26 | Upjohn Co | Marking inspection device |
US2820907A (en) * | 1951-07-27 | 1958-01-21 | Silverman Daniel | Microfilm apparatus |
US2873912A (en) * | 1946-10-23 | 1959-02-17 | Bush Vannevar | Electronic comparator |
US2877846A (en) * | 1956-10-10 | 1959-03-17 | William H Brady Jr | Control system for feeding mechanism |
US2880328A (en) * | 1954-11-23 | 1959-03-31 | American Can Co | Apparatus for detecting containers having mismatched parts |
US2927216A (en) * | 1957-12-19 | 1960-03-01 | Burroughs Corp | Photometric character recognition device |
US2946643A (en) * | 1956-02-15 | 1960-07-26 | Jersey Prod Res Co | Clipped trace recording of electrical signals |
DE1096100B (en) * | 1952-06-25 | 1960-12-29 | Ibm Deutschland | Device for line-by-line scanning of recording media by means of an electron beam |
US2983187A (en) * | 1956-03-02 | 1961-05-09 | Sidney W Bone | Ticket machine |
US2997417A (en) * | 1954-12-23 | 1961-08-22 | Dirks Gerhard | Method of preparing record carrier |
US3033109A (en) * | 1958-12-08 | 1962-05-08 | Hurletron Inc | Registration detection system |
US3040322A (en) * | 1958-08-15 | 1962-06-19 | Baldwin Piano Co | Device and method for producing code members |
US3118129A (en) * | 1959-01-22 | 1964-01-14 | John A Fitzmaurice | Character recognition devices |
US3163487A (en) * | 1963-07-01 | 1964-12-29 | Jersey Prod Res Co | Subsurface recording collar locator |
US3185994A (en) * | 1960-10-20 | 1965-05-25 | Atlantic Refining Co | Log transcribing and scale changing method and apparatus |
US3185997A (en) * | 1963-07-01 | 1965-05-25 | Exxon Production Research Co | Pipe collar locator |
US3235878A (en) * | 1962-06-18 | 1966-02-15 | Baldwin Co D H | Device and method for producing code members |
US3469263A (en) * | 1953-02-09 | 1969-09-23 | Sperry Rand Corp | Character recognition system |
US3667306A (en) * | 1970-02-16 | 1972-06-06 | Bunker Ramo | Device for providing controlled movement |
US3713099A (en) * | 1959-08-04 | 1973-01-23 | Character Recognition Corp | Method and apparatus for identifying letters, characters, symbols and the like |
US11430028B1 (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2022-08-30 | United Services Automobile Association (Usaa) | Directed information assistance systems and methods |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
NL98210B (en) * | 1939-06-30 | |||
US2335982A (en) * | 1940-09-20 | 1943-12-07 | Ibm | Apparatus for verifying statistical data |
-
1928
- 1928-04-05 US US267556A patent/US1838389A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1928-04-07 FR FR657787D patent/FR657787A/en not_active Expired
- 1928-04-11 GB GB10732/28A patent/GB288580A/en not_active Expired
Cited By (26)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2496435A (en) * | 1944-03-14 | 1950-02-07 | James M Boyle | Apparatus for sorting and/or selecting record cards |
US2628539A (en) * | 1945-01-04 | 1953-02-17 | Neergaard Leif Eric De | Method and means for recording and reproducing displacements |
US2470877A (en) * | 1945-07-10 | 1949-05-24 | Stuland Tor | Method and apparatus for detecting variations in the appearance of an object or sample |
US2873912A (en) * | 1946-10-23 | 1959-02-17 | Bush Vannevar | Electronic comparator |
US2482242A (en) * | 1948-06-09 | 1949-09-20 | Remington Rand Inc | Code selector |
US2564440A (en) * | 1949-04-28 | 1951-08-14 | Maser | Machine for viewing and photographing documents |
US2783389A (en) * | 1950-05-31 | 1957-02-26 | Upjohn Co | Marking inspection device |
US2820907A (en) * | 1951-07-27 | 1958-01-21 | Silverman Daniel | Microfilm apparatus |
DE1096100B (en) * | 1952-06-25 | 1960-12-29 | Ibm Deutschland | Device for line-by-line scanning of recording media by means of an electron beam |
US3469263A (en) * | 1953-02-09 | 1969-09-23 | Sperry Rand Corp | Character recognition system |
US2880328A (en) * | 1954-11-23 | 1959-03-31 | American Can Co | Apparatus for detecting containers having mismatched parts |
US2997417A (en) * | 1954-12-23 | 1961-08-22 | Dirks Gerhard | Method of preparing record carrier |
US2946643A (en) * | 1956-02-15 | 1960-07-26 | Jersey Prod Res Co | Clipped trace recording of electrical signals |
US2983187A (en) * | 1956-03-02 | 1961-05-09 | Sidney W Bone | Ticket machine |
US2877846A (en) * | 1956-10-10 | 1959-03-17 | William H Brady Jr | Control system for feeding mechanism |
US2927216A (en) * | 1957-12-19 | 1960-03-01 | Burroughs Corp | Photometric character recognition device |
US3040322A (en) * | 1958-08-15 | 1962-06-19 | Baldwin Piano Co | Device and method for producing code members |
US3033109A (en) * | 1958-12-08 | 1962-05-08 | Hurletron Inc | Registration detection system |
US3118129A (en) * | 1959-01-22 | 1964-01-14 | John A Fitzmaurice | Character recognition devices |
US3713099A (en) * | 1959-08-04 | 1973-01-23 | Character Recognition Corp | Method and apparatus for identifying letters, characters, symbols and the like |
US3185994A (en) * | 1960-10-20 | 1965-05-25 | Atlantic Refining Co | Log transcribing and scale changing method and apparatus |
US3235878A (en) * | 1962-06-18 | 1966-02-15 | Baldwin Co D H | Device and method for producing code members |
US3185997A (en) * | 1963-07-01 | 1965-05-25 | Exxon Production Research Co | Pipe collar locator |
US3163487A (en) * | 1963-07-01 | 1964-12-29 | Jersey Prod Res Co | Subsurface recording collar locator |
US3667306A (en) * | 1970-02-16 | 1972-06-06 | Bunker Ramo | Device for providing controlled movement |
US11430028B1 (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2022-08-30 | United Services Automobile Association (Usaa) | Directed information assistance systems and methods |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR657787A (en) | 1929-05-27 |
GB288580A (en) | 1929-07-04 |
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