US1837430A - Method of preparing metal for painting - Google Patents
Method of preparing metal for painting Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1837430A US1837430A US309903A US30990328A US1837430A US 1837430 A US1837430 A US 1837430A US 309903 A US309903 A US 309903A US 30990328 A US30990328 A US 30990328A US 1837430 A US1837430 A US 1837430A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- coating
- phosphoric acid
- water
- acid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 42
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title description 42
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 title description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 40
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 36
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229960004838 phosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 20
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001463 metal phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011928 denatured alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002569 neuron Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000406 trisodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019801 trisodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/82—After-treatment
- C23C22/83—Chemical after-treatment
Definitions
- This invention relates to theart of preparing metal for receiving an adherent finishing cost'and although it has various applications it will be found particularly useful for preparing sheet steel articles, such for instance as automobile bodies, fenders and stampings for receiving cellulose lacquer finishes.
- This invention has among its objectsto clean the metal, to remove rust, scale, grease, oil, acids, soldering fluids, dirt, etc. from the surface of the metal, to produce a coating on the metal to which the lacquer or other finish will adhere, to so treat the metal that the use coating the steel or other metal with phos-.
- lVhen phosphoric acid is applied to the metal in the cold, its action on the metal is very slow andmany hours may elapse before a. noticeable coating of the soluble iron phosphate is developed. If the metal is heated after it has been coated with phosphoric acid, a satisfactory coating will develop-in a few minutes.
- the preferred method is to admix with the phosphoric acid an oil solvent, such for instance as an alcohol; a keystone, an ester or an ether, which will enable the acid admixture to penetrate the oil coating and thus permit the acid to chemically act on the metal.
- an oil solvent such for instance as an alcohol
- a keystone, an ester or an ether which will enable the acid admixture to penetrate the oil coating and thus permit the acid to chemically act on the metal.
- an admixture of phosphoric acid, ethyl alcohol and butyl alcohol has been found to be a satisfactory mixture.
- the coating developed by the action of the phosphoric acid is damp, non-adherent and soluble in water, due probably to the pres- 'ence of much free phosphoric acid.
- Such av coating is not suitable to paint over so that in order to convert it to a suitable coating it is treated with a material adapted to neutralize the phosphoric acid.
- Any proper material may be used for the purpose but slaked lime is considered'preferable. ther materials suches zinc oxide, tin oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate may be .used as. the neutralizer however and satisfactory results obtained.
- the lime may be dusted over the surface although it is preferred to use it in the form of a viscous or semi-fluid whiteewash or paint produced byadmixing the lime with water, cellulose pulp waste liquor and butyl alcohol.
- the material adapted to neutralize phos phoric acid, together with the deleterious products'of its reaction, should be removed before the finish is applied. This may be accomplished by thoroughly washing the surface with water but where lime paint is used if it is permitted to dry on the surface it tends to crack and peel and is easily removed by simply brushing.
- the alcohols may be dispensed with and a suitable admixture of water and phosphoric acid be substituted, using more or less thesame proportion of acid according to the rapidit of the action desired.
- the metal is there ore placed in an oven heated to approximately 250 F. for a period of about fifteen minutes whereby a coating of soluble iron phosphate containing more or less free phosphoric acid will be developed.
- the metal is then removed from the oven and permitted to cool, after which it is sprayed or otherwisepoated with a viscous or semi-fluid material which is an admixture comprisin the following niaterials in approximate y the proportions stated:
- the coating thatis removed comprises lime, neutralized phosphoric acid and such oil as was present on the metal, and in fact all deleterious products of the chemical reac- 'tions of the process.
- the resultant coating produced on the metal has a dull gray mat appearance and may be readily washed withwater without dangerof dissolving it. It adheres firmly to the metal and is of such a character that paint, enamel, japan,- lacquer, varnish or similar finishing-coat is strongly held by it. As the surface produced by my process tends to retard the rustin of the metal, it materially assists the finis to resist corrosion and therefore increases the life of the applied finish. As cellulose lacquers hold well to the coating produced as described above the usual metal oil. priming coat may be omitted and ,as such primers require a longfidrying "period'much time is saved in finis ng the metal whenmy process is used.
- the method of preparing metal for receiving an adherent coat consisting coating the metal with phosphoric acid to form a coating of soluble iron phosphate and there after treating the said coating with an admixture comprising slaked lime, water, cellulose pulpwaste liquor and butyl alcohol for rendering the said coating adherent and insoluble in water.
Description
Patented Dec. 22; 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE JAMES H. cnAvELL, or Enxms PARK, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR 'ro AMERICAN CHEMICAL PAINT comm, or ,AMLBLER, rmsYLvAnIA, A CORPORATION or DE AWARE No Drawing.
This invention relates to theart of preparing metal for receiving an adherent finishing cost'and although it has various applications it will be found particularly useful for preparing sheet steel articles, such for instance as automobile bodies, fenders and stampings for receiving cellulose lacquer finishes.
This invention has among its objectsto clean the metal, to remove rust, scale, grease, oil, acids, soldering fluids, dirt, etc. from the surface of the metal, to produce a coating on the metal to which the lacquer or other finish will adhere, to so treat the metal that the use coating the steel or other metal with phos-.
phoric acid, permitting the said acid to chemically act on the metal to form a coating of soluble iron or other metallic phosphate and rendering the said'coating adherent and insoluble in water.
lVhen phosphoric acid is applied to the metal in the cold, its action on the metal is very slow andmany hours may elapse before a. noticeable coating of the soluble iron phosphate is developed. If the metal is heated after it has been coated with phosphoric acid, a satisfactory coating will develop-in a few minutes.
As the metal to be finished is usually, either through accident or designfcoated wlth oil,
it is difficult tocoat the metal with phosphoric acid, and even if this is accomplished, the coating .of oil 'beneath the coating of phosphoric acid prevents the acid from chemically acting on themetal to any material extent. Hence it is necessary to provide some way to assist the acid to chemically act upon the metal being treated. This may be done by first washing theametal with an oil removin material such for instance, as a solution 0 caustic soda or a solution of tri-sodium phosphate orthe metal may first be heated to a neuron or PREP RING METAL ron IPAIIN'TING Application -fi1 ed October 2, 1928. Serial No. 309,903.
temperature suflicient to burn ofi' the oil.
3 However the preferred method is to admix with the phosphoric acid an oil solvent, such for instance as an alcohol; a keystone, an ester or an ether, which will enable the acid admixture to penetrate the oil coating and thus permit the acid to chemically act on the metal. In practice an admixture of phosphoric acid, ethyl alcohol and butyl alcohol has been found to be a satisfactory mixture.
The coating developed by the action of the phosphoric acid is damp, non-adherent and soluble in water, due probably to the pres- 'ence of much free phosphoric acid. Such av coating is not suitable to paint over so that in order to convert it to a suitable coating it is treated with a material adapted to neutralize the phosphoric acid. Any proper material may be used for the purpose but slaked lime is considered'preferable. ther materials suches zinc oxide, tin oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate may be .used as. the neutralizer however and satisfactory results obtained. The lime may be dusted over the surface although it is preferred to use it in the form of a viscous or semi-fluid whiteewash or paint produced byadmixing the lime with water, cellulose pulp waste liquor and butyl alcohol.
Unless a very rough or crude finish is desired the material adapted to neutralize phos phoric acid, together with the deleterious products'of its reaction, should be removed before the finish is applied. This may be accomplished by thoroughly washing the surface with water but where lime paint is used if it is permitted to dry on the surface it tends to crack and peel and is easily removed by simply brushing.
In thecase of steel, to carry out my process commercially good results are obtained by spraying the metal to be treated with an admixture comprising approximately; the following proportions: G u
' l 8. 011B Denatured alcohol. .70 Butyl alcohol .20 Phosphoric acid (75%) L .10
the'proportion of alcohol varying according to its purity and efiectiveness as an oil solvent.
In case all oil has been previously remove from the metal the alcohols may be dispensed with and a suitable admixture of water and phosphoric acid be substituted, using more or less thesame proportion of acid according to the rapidit of the action desired.
The metal is there ore placed in an oven heated to approximately 250 F. for a period of about fifteen minutes whereby a coating of soluble iron phosphate containing more or less free phosphoric acid will be developed. The metal is then removed from the oven and permitted to cool, after which it is sprayed or otherwisepoated with a viscous or semi-fluid material which is an admixture comprisin the following niaterials in approximate y the proportions stated:
Water .92(l"gallons Evaporated cellulose pulp waste liquor 1.110 pounds Quicklime 1.070 pounds Butyl alcohoL"; .050 gallons The coating is therefore permitted to during which time it absorbs an oil that may be present on the metal. As t e coating dries it cracks and peels and when it has become entirely dry it is ready to be removed.
This may be accomplished by brushing, preferably with a vacuum brush to avoid all dust. The coating thatis removed comprises lime, neutralized phosphoric acid and such oil as was present on the metal, and in fact all deleterious products of the chemical reac- 'tions of the process.
The resultant coating produced on the metal has a dull gray mat appearance and may be readily washed withwater without dangerof dissolving it. It adheres firmly to the metal and is of such a character that paint, enamel, japan,- lacquer, varnish or similar finishing-coat is strongly held by it. As the surface produced by my process tends to retard the rustin of the metal, it materially assists the finis to resist corrosion and therefore increases the life of the applied finish. As cellulose lacquers hold well to the coating produced as described above the usual metal oil. priming coat may be omitted and ,as such primers require a longfidrying "period'much time is saved in finis ng the metal whenmy process is used.
What I claim as'my invention is:
1. The method gf preparing metal for receiving a 'eoat co'nsisting'in coating the metal with phosphoric acid, retaining the acid on'the metal for a predetermined time to form a coating 'of water soluble metallic phosphate and thereafter rendering thesaid 0a., A. n. 1928.
coating of metallic phosphate adherent to the said metal and insoluble in water. i
2. The method of preparing metal for receiving a finishing adherent coat consisting in coating the metal with an admixture comprising phosphoricacid and an oil solvent,
and insoluble in water.
4. The method of preparing steel for receiving an adherent finishing coat consisting in coating the metal with phosphoric acid, retaining the said acid on the metal tier a predetermined time to form a coating of soluble metal phosphate and thereafter treating the said coating with s'laked' e for rendering the said coating adhere t and insoluble in water. I
5. The method of preparing metal for receiving an adherent coat consisting coating the metal with phosphoric acid to form a coating of soluble iron phosphate and there after treating the said coating with an admixture comprising slaked lime, water, cellulose pulpwaste liquor and butyl alcohol for rendering the said coating adherent and insoluble in water.
6. The methodof preparing steel -for receiving an adherent coat consisting in coating the metal with phosphoric acid to form a coatin of water soluble metal phosphate,
rendermg the said coating adherent and insoluble in water by coating the metal with a semi-fluid material. adapted to neutralize phosphoric acid. i
7. The method of preparing steel for painting consisting-in coatinglthe metal with an admixture comprising; p osphoric acid and an alcohol, retaining the said admixture on the metal under the influence of heat for a predetermined time to form a coatin of $0111- ble iron phos hate, rendering the sai coating adherent an insoluble in water b treating the said coating with a semi-flui material comprising an admixture of, which one ingre- III Ill
dient is slaked lime, drying the said material 11111 vin the said dried material together with t e on" the said coating and mechanically re-. I de eterious products of its Signed at New York, in the county of New York and State of New. York, this 1st day of Jms n. GBAVELL.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US309903A US1837430A (en) | 1928-10-02 | 1928-10-02 | Method of preparing metal for painting |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US309903A US1837430A (en) | 1928-10-02 | 1928-10-02 | Method of preparing metal for painting |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1837430A true US1837430A (en) | 1931-12-22 |
Family
ID=23200156
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US309903A Expired - Lifetime US1837430A (en) | 1928-10-02 | 1928-10-02 | Method of preparing metal for painting |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1837430A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2515934A (en) * | 1947-12-17 | 1950-07-18 | Lite Chemical Corp Du | Phosphate coating of metal articles |
| US2516008A (en) * | 1948-06-19 | 1950-07-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Composition and process for treating metal surfaces |
| US2522176A (en) * | 1947-10-14 | 1950-09-12 | Parker Rust Proof Co | Drawing ferrous wire and other metal-working processes |
| US2662838A (en) * | 1950-08-09 | 1953-12-15 | Kaiser Frazer Corp | Composition for preparing soldered metal surfaces for painting |
| US2725310A (en) * | 1951-11-23 | 1955-11-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Rust inhibitive finishes for ferrous metals |
-
1928
- 1928-10-02 US US309903A patent/US1837430A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2522176A (en) * | 1947-10-14 | 1950-09-12 | Parker Rust Proof Co | Drawing ferrous wire and other metal-working processes |
| US2515934A (en) * | 1947-12-17 | 1950-07-18 | Lite Chemical Corp Du | Phosphate coating of metal articles |
| US2516008A (en) * | 1948-06-19 | 1950-07-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Composition and process for treating metal surfaces |
| US2662838A (en) * | 1950-08-09 | 1953-12-15 | Kaiser Frazer Corp | Composition for preparing soldered metal surfaces for painting |
| US2725310A (en) * | 1951-11-23 | 1955-11-29 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Rust inhibitive finishes for ferrous metals |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3696498A (en) | Pretreatment of metal sheets which are coated after a forming operation | |
| US3706604A (en) | Process for the coating of metal | |
| US2329065A (en) | Corrosion resistant coating for metal surfaces | |
| US2206064A (en) | Metal treating process | |
| US3154438A (en) | Process for treating metal surfaces | |
| US2535794A (en) | Method of preparing ferrous metal objects for the application of synthetic resins | |
| US1837430A (en) | Method of preparing metal for painting | |
| US2303242A (en) | Metal coating | |
| US1740731A (en) | Method of preparing metal for painting | |
| US3519495A (en) | Process for coating metal surfaces | |
| US2331196A (en) | Protective phosphate coating | |
| US2737498A (en) | Product for and process of treating metallic articles before coating | |
| US2296070A (en) | Treatment of metal primers | |
| US2005780A (en) | Material for providing metal with a paint receptive surface | |
| US2901385A (en) | Micro-crystalline bonding coats for metal | |
| US2725310A (en) | Rust inhibitive finishes for ferrous metals | |
| US2977241A (en) | One coat enamel process | |
| US3197345A (en) | Process and composition for phosphatizing metals | |
| US3723162A (en) | Pretreatment of metal surfaces | |
| US1744463A (en) | Removing paint | |
| US3450577A (en) | Composition and process for cleaning and coating metal surfaces | |
| US1980518A (en) | Material for coating metal | |
| US3484304A (en) | Process and composition for cleaning and coating metal surfaces | |
| US3556867A (en) | Method for forming lubricant coatings on metal surfaces to be deformed | |
| US1525904A (en) | Protecting coating and process for producing same |