US1834461A - Pumping mechanism - Google Patents

Description

Dm., 19 1931. L M, EA 1,834,461

PUMPING MECHANISM Filed Jan. 12, 1929 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Y. JNVENTOR E El l ai. John/171746@ A TTORNEYS Patented Dec. 1, 1931 Joan-m. am, orrnnrnorr, niermann PUMPING MEGHANISI Application led January' 12, 1929. Serial No. 332,061. l

This invention relates to pumping mechl K the line 2-2 of Fig. 1.

anisms and particularly to such mechanism as is applicable for suppl ing fuel to the carburetor of internal com ustion engines, or Y for like purposes, the principal object being the provision of certain novel features of construction which will aid in providing a. device of superior operation, of simple. .construction, and in which it will be substantially impossible to wrongy assemble the same, or if wrongly assemble will not affectthe operation of the device.

Another object is to provide, in combination with a pumping mechanism having a pumping element power actuated in onedi- 'osito rection and springactuated in the 0 direction, means for-readily and quic y varying the spring pressure whereby to var the discharge pressure of the pump. Another object is to. provide a connecting organization comprising a spring hingen member of novel construction whereby the life of the spring is materially increased over conventional constructions.

Another object is to provide a liquid liltering device in which misplacement of the filtering element will not act to cut offthe flowY of the liquid being filtered.

Another object is to provide a novel form of valve structure.

A further object is to provide a pumping mechanism of the electrically operated type wherein certain novel features of construction, as will hereinafter be apparent, are included.

The above being among the objects'of the present invent-ion, the same consistsl in certain features of construction and [combinawith reference to theaccompanying drawinvention, and in which like numerals'refer to like parts throughout the several different views:

Fig. 1 'is a partially broken side elevation of my improved pumping device.

taken through one of the check Aployed in the device.

to the upper face of the tions of parts to be hereinafter describedi Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view taken on Fig.. 3 is a horizontal sectional view'taken through the body ofthe device as on the lino 3-3 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is an enlarged vertical sectional'view valves' em Fig. 5 is a sectional view takenl on the line 55ofFig.4. Y. w A. Fig. 6is a sectional view taken on theline 6-6 of Fig. 4. Fig. 7 isa side view of the valve 4shown'in Fi s. 4 to 6 inclusive.

in'. 8 is a rear viewof the spring hinge 65 mem er employed in connecting the armature to the yoke of the motor portion of the` device. Fig. 9y is an enlarged sectional view taken on the line9--9 of Fig. 8." Y0' Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 9 but-showingv a modified form of the construction. Fig. 11 is a partially broken fragmentary` view showing the connection between the bellows, connecting stud and the armature when 75- modifiedl for a two 'wire' electrical system.

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary perspective view of the upper end of the post member secured ody and particularly showing the lugs provided forpreventing the filtering element froml shutting olf the .inlet passages should the filtering element be misplaced. Fig. 13 is a fra entaryy sectional view of the lower end of t e magnet core illustrating how the spacer member may be reversed to cut clown the discharge pressure of the pumping device, and the manner in 'which the spacer member cooperates with the spring stop when in reversed position. '9 Fig. 14 is a top view of the motor taken as on the line 14-14 of Fig. 1. 4 Fig. -15 is a fragmenta sectional view taken on the line 15-15 of ig. 2 and showinthe pathof the fuel 'entering the device. 95 ig. 16 is a vertical sectional View taken on the line 16--16 of Fig. 15.

Fig. 17 is a. fragmentary vertical sectional V.view taken through the center of the armature to show the manner in which the'arma- 10 sued January 19th, 1926 on pumping mechanism, and deals particularly with certain iinprovements as applied thereto whereby an improved device is provided.

The device comprises in general a pumping element preferably, but not necessarily, of the metallic bellows type 4in which move- Anient of the bellows on its suction st-roke is effected by means of a ma net, and the movement of which on the 'scharge stroke is effected by means of a spring controlled to produce a substantially constant and predetermined discharge pressure of the liquid bein pumped, together with suitable means for lterin thefuel passing through the pump and or regulating its course of travel throu h the same.

Re erring to the drawings and particularly to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the device is provided with a main body portion through which extend two s ace'd vertical openings 31 and 32 respective y. The opening 31 is provided lwith a shoulder 33 at approximately midway its depth, and the opening 32 is provided with a similar shoulder 34 at its lower end. A fuel inlet passage 35 connects with the opening 31 and a fuel outlet passage 36 connects with the openin 32. Secured to the upper face of the bo y 30 by screws (not shown) threaded into t e openings 37 1n the body member 30 (see Fig. 3) is a member having a horizontally extending flange portion 38 se arated. from the body portion 30 by a suita le gasket 39, and having an upwardly extending central portion 40. Pro-- jecting downwardly from the under face ofl the flan e 38 are two bosses 44 and 45 res ctive y, spaced so as to be receivable in it e openings 31 and 32 res ectively. The 'lower face of the boss 44 is a apted to clamp the outwardly extending flange 46 of the check valve body 461 against the seat 33 to hold the same in place in theo ening 31, a suitable gasket bein provided etween the flange 46 and shoul er 33 to prevent possibility of leakage. The boss is hollowed out to permit the outlet check valve to be positionedtherein, and its lower edfre which is notched as at 47 to permit the flow of fuel through it, bears against the flange 48 of the check valve body 49 and clamps it against the shoulder 34.

Referring to the construction at the inlet passages it will be -noted that the boss 44 is substantially smaller in diameter than the opening 31 so as to provide an annular passage 50, best shown in Fig. 15, between the boss and the walls of the opening 31, and this annular passage is sealed from that portion of the opening 31 below the shoulder 33 by the. flange 46 of the inlet check valve. The annular chamber 50 is connected by a. pair of openings 51, which terminate short of the lower face of the boss 31 and which extends upwardly through the member 40 in the form o tubes 52, .as indicated in Fig. 12, to the upper end of the member 40 where the fuel discharges into a sub-atmospheric chamber 57 formed by the inverted bell 53, the open edges of which are pressed .against the gasket 54 on the flange 36 by means of the bolt 55 projecting through the closed end of the bell 53 and threaded into the upper end of the member 40. A discharge opening 56 for the subatmospheric chamber is formed centrally of the boss 44 and extending from the u per vface of the flange 38 to the lower face o the boss 44 so as to dischar e to the inlet check valve. A'filtering mem er preferably comprising a tube 60 of fine Wire mesh and an imperforate end 61 surrounds the member 4() and encloses the opening 46, its uppercnd 61 being perforated soas to slip over the upper ends of the tube portions 52 and the upwardly extending boss portion 62 of the inember 40 into which the screw 55 is threaded. The filtering member is constantly urged against the flange 36 by means of a coil spring 63 held under com` ression between the washer 64 interpose between the bell 53 and the head of the screw 55, and the upper wall 61 of the filter.

The flow of fuel in the construction thus far `described is as folows: The fuel enters the passage 35 and into the annular chamber 50 formed about the boss 44 and, entering the openings 51, flows upwardly and is discharged into the sub-atmospheric 'chamber 57 above the upper wall 61 of the filtering element, and then flows through the filtering element 60 and thence into the opening 56. In order to prevent possibility of the upper wall 61 of the filtering element from closing ofi` the upper ends of the tubular passage 52 should the filtering element be improperly assembled so that the tubular portions 52 do not project through the upper wall of the filtering element 6l, each tubular portion 52 is provided with an upwardly proJecting lug 65 at its upper end, best shown in Fig. 12, and whichserves to hold the end 61 out of complete contact with the upper end of the portions 52 when, such inisplacement occurs, thus preventing the flow soV of fuel from being interrupted when the filtering element is'misplaced, even though the effectiveness yof the filter in such ycase is destroyed.

The fuel flowing Kdownwardly through the passage 56 from the sub-atmospheric chamber passes through a check valve structure positioned in the lower portion of the openin 31 rand which will be described in' detail l ater, and thence into thev lpumping chamber which may take any suita le form,v but which is shown in the present case as comprising the interior of a metal bellows 66 whose open end is secured against leakage to the under face of the body 30 by means of a clamp-ing frame 67 suitably secured to such face b screws (not shown). The lower end of the bellows 66 is, of course,l closed andconnected to a suitable source of power as will be later described. The body member 30 is preferably provided with a central downwardly extending boss portion 79 which acts to fill the interior of the bel-4 lows 66 to the greatest possible extent withr out interfering with its proper action. The boss 79 is provided in order to cut down the available volume within the `bellows in which air may be expanded and compressed when the pump is being rimed', thereby Vfacilitating the priming o the pump. The' action of the bellows which is the same as lin In previous patent referred to above, is as fo lows:

. When the bellows is expanded a suction is created within the same, which in turn creates a suction in the passage between itself and the inlet assage 3 5 and causes a consequent flow ofp fuel into the bellows, and when the bellows is contracted the fuel which has been drawn into it is placed under pressure and forced through the various passages and out of the outlet passage 36. The check valves previously referredto insure the flow of the fuel in the proper direction.

The construction of the check valves opening movement.

held under compression between the valvel disc 70 andthe body 71 ofthe cage to maintain the disc 70 normally against the seat 69, and is held in central position by embracing the downturned margin 76. Between the arms 72 the body ,portion 71 of the cage is preferably provided with one or more downwardly v,extending lugs 78 adapted to cooperate with the valve disc 70 to limit its It will be apparent that this form of valve construction isexceedingly simple and readily assembled and disassembled, the cage being assembled to the body merely by pressingit onto the body. The valve .disc member 70v is preferably1 formed of some light substance resistive to the effects of the fuel, such as the commercial product known tothe trade as bakelite, andvvvhich because of its smooth surface- Ydoes notv requirev` finishing after punching. -I'have further found that in such check valves, due toV the swirling of the fuel passing through the same,;that unless the valve disc is prevented fromv rotating, an excessive wear of the parts' occurs, and the method herein employed for preventin rotation of the valve disc is both simple an `effective. l

It will be noted from an inspection of Fig.l

2 that in employing this form of check valve constructionand in placing them as described inthe device, it isimpossible to assemble the flange member 38 to the body 30 with the loo' valves in wrongposition and it isfurther im- -v possible to place the flange member 38 non. the

p identified. The magnet comprises a core 83 'suitable means.

provided with an end piece 84 of insulated material at its upper endand another member 85 of insulated material at its lower end, w:portion 111 and a reduced extending porthe windings 86 being interposed therebetween. The upper member 84 extends out past the outer limits of the windings' and forms a means of securing the motir inv place relative to the body of the device, this being accomplished by means of screws such as 87 which pass up through the member 84 and are threaded into the downwardly extendin legs 88 depending from the member 67, whic as previously described, is secured to the main body portion 30 by means of screws (notl shown). Instead of employing the housing for the motor as a yoke as was done in the construction shown in my previous patent, in

the presentconstruction I provide a separate yol'e 89 which is secured to the lower end of the core 83 and extends up over the top of the magnet core where it is connected to the top of the core. From the upper end of the yoke 89 the armature 90 is supported bya means which will be described later, and the flexible arm 91 carrying the contact'92 at one end thereof is secured to the armature 90 at the opposite end by rivets such as 93, or other Limitations of construction make it desirable to construct the armature 90 of thinner metal than is re uired for the proper magnetic path throug it.' Consequently the armature 90 is reinforced by a relatively thick steel member 94 on its upper surface. A yoke member 95 secured to the end member 84 and extending over the contact end of the arm 91 is provided with a contact 96 suitably connected to the magnet winding and positioned to engage the contact 92. The bellows 66 is provided with a central downwardly extending apertured pin 97 secured to the lower wall thereof and a stud member 98 extending through the central aperture 99 in the armature 9() is threaded into the same. The stud member 98 is provided with a shoulder 100 immediately below the armature 90 for engagement with the lower face of the armature 90 and a washer 101 is preferably provided between the shoulder 100 and the armature 90. The stud 98 extends downwardly from the shoulder 100 and terminates in a head 102 freely positioned within the central opening 103 in the core V83. The threaded connection between the pin 97 and stud 98 permits adjustment of the relative position of the bellows 6G with res ect tothe armature 90, the stud 98 being loc red in adjusted position by means of a lock nut such as 104.

The lower :tace of the yoke 89 is provided with a spring stop member 108 swingably secured thereto by a rivet such as 107 or other suitable means, and has an end adaptedto normally be positioned across the lower end l of the core 83. This end is formed with a depression 109 therein and an opening 110 concentric with the depression 109. A spacer. member having a cylindrical tubular body tion 112 separated by a shoulder 113 is ositioned in the enlarged lower end 114 o the bore 103 of the core 83 and seats against the stop member 108, a coil spring such as .115 being positioned in the bore 103 and bemg held under compression between the spacer member 111 and the head 102 of the stud 98. The action of the spring 115 acting through the stud 98 and pin 97 is, of course, to compress the'bellows 66 so as to cause the liquid therein to be discharged through the outlet opening 36the pressure of the liquid in the discharge opening 36 being'a direct function of the force exerted by the spring 115 against the bottom of the bellows. The force with which the spring acts upon the bellows-may, of course be varied b the employment of various springs o desired weight to obtain the pressure desired, or ma be varied by means of a threaded lug suc as is shown in my previous patent, ut where the device is to be employed for furnishing fuel to the carburetor of an internal combustion engine, the discharge pressure ofthe fuel at the opening 36 is preferably between one and two pounds per square inch, and in the present case the employment of the spacer member 111 permits a quick and ready means for changing the pressure of the spring 115 to any two predetermined values. This is accomplished in the following manner:

Referring to Fig. 2 it will be noted that the lower end of the enlarged portion 111 of the spacer is seated in the depression 109 of the stop member 108 with the reduced extension 112 projecting upwardly, the spring 115 surrounding the portion 112 and being seated against the shoulder 113. The lower end of the spring is accordingly spaced from the stop member 108 an amount corresponding to the height of the enlarged portion 111 of the spacer, and this results in a predetermined amount of compression of the spring 115. However, if the spacer member is reversed from the position shown in Fig. 2 to that position shown in Fig. 13, the projecting portion 112 then projects through the opening 110 in the stop member 108 with the shoulder 113 resting directly against the upper face of the stop member, and the spring 115 in this case is received within the enlarged portion 111 of the spacer member and against the opposite uface'of the shoulder 113. In other words, in this position the lower end of the spring 115 is spaced from the upper face of `the stop member 108 by only the thickness of the metal of the spacer member at the shoulder 113. It will be readily apparent that the spring 115 in this case is under considerably ess compression stress than when the s acer member is positioned as indicated in lig. 2.

yIt will be noted that when the spacer member. is in the position shown in Fig. 2 the lower end of the enlarged portion 111 is received in the depression 109 and thereby acts to prevent inadvertent swinging of the stop member 108 away from under the core, and that when the spacer member is positioned as indicated in Fig. 13 the projecting portion 112extends through the opening 110 and similarly actsI to prevent inadvertent swinging movement of the stop member 108. It will be apparent that in either of its reversed positions, the spacer member cooperates with the bore 114 and spring 115 to insure a con centric relation of these parts and maintains the spring 115 out of frictional contact with the bore 114.

If it is desired to remove the spacer member in order to reverse it, or to remove the spring 115, all that is necessary is to insert a pin through the opening 110 in the first case, and raise the spacer member suiiiciently to allow the arm 108 to be swung, and in the second case merely to lift the projecting end 112 up out of the opening 110. The enlarged portion 114 of the yoke 103 is provided so that a shoulder 116 past which the spacer member cannot go will be provided between the top and bottom ofthe core 83, this being done in order to prevent possibilit of the spacer member beinginserted in the ore revious to insertion of the spring 115, w ich `would cause trouble in the operation of the device. v

The movement of the bellows 66 on the suction stroke is, of course, accomplished against the pressure of the spring 115 by the passage ot an electrical current controlled by the contacts 92 and 96 through the magnet winding, which acts to magnetize the core 83 and to draw the armature 90 downwardly, moving the stud 98 and pin 97 with it through contact with the shoulder 100 and the washer 101. An appreciable travel of the bellows 66 is obtained von the suction stroke by the employment of the steel collar 119 secured to the spring arm 91 'about the stud 98 acting to' flex the arm `91 upwardly upon passage of current tlirou Ah the contacts 92 and 96, as fully describe in my previous patent above identified.

In accordance with the present invention, I employ a noivel pivotal sup ort for the armature 90 on the yoke 89, this eing of thatv type employing a flat spring member to swingably connect twomembers together. In employing such a spring connection the usual practice is to clamp one side of the springvrigidly between two flat surfaces to' i one member and the opposite side o the spring rigidly between two ilat surfaces on the other member, such members being spaced from each other adjacent the center of the spring member a greater or lesser amount so that the portion ofthespring member exposed` is employed as the bending element permitting movement of one of the members relative to the other. By this method of construction in conventional constructions all the stresses in thel spring are localized in that portion thereof exposed between the two members connected thereby. Consequently this portion is liable to be subjected to ex'- cessive stresses and 'is also liable to offer a greater amount of resistance to bending than is desirable inv many cases. In accordance with the present construction I so form this type of joint that the rigidity and resistance to deiection, except in the dlrection desired, is as great as in the conventional constructions, yet the spring'is permitted to flex over a much greater length in the direction desired whereby a longer life of the spring is assured and less resistance to movement of the connecting parts is offered for a spring of given section.

The means by which I accomplish this result is best described in connection with the construction shown in the drawings. Referring to Figs. 1, 8, 9 and 14, it will be noted that to the upper face of the yoke 89 a member 120 is secured by means'of screws such as 121 (see Fig.14) extending through open ings 122 therein, the openings 122 being substantially larger than the screws 121 to permit the member 120 and thus the armature 90, spring member 91, contact 92 and collar 119 to be shifted to proper position in assembly. The member 120 is provided with a downwardly bent portion 124 which extends down the side of the yoke 89. A flat spring 125 is clamped against the downwardly extending portion 124 by means of a block or plate 126. The right hand end of the armature 90, as viewed in Figs. 8, 9 and 14, is turned upwardly as at 127 and the upper end of the s ring 125 is clamped against the ortion 127 y means of, a block or plate 128.

n conventional constructions the spring 125 would contact with both the portions 124 and 127 over the entire area of the same, as does that portion of the spring 125 in contact with the portion 127 of the armature 90 so that there is no possibility of that portion of the spring 125 enclosed between the clamping plate 128 and the portion 127 flexing. 'In the present case however, the member 120 is so formed that a projecting bead 129 is provided at the point of bending of the part 1.25 and the portion 124 is relieved as at 130 between the bead 129 and the lower end of the member 124. The clamping plate 126 acts to rigidly clamp the lower end of the spring 125 between it and the lower end of the portion 124 and extends up to the bead 129 where itclamps the spring 125 against the bead 129. With this construction, when the free end of the armature 90 is raised, as is done by the spring 115 in this case, the spring 125 instead of flexing only between The spring 125 is preferably relatively Wide in proportion to its length, and the plate 126 is preferably initially formed to insure,

positive clamping of the spring 125 'at its outer edges between the plate 126 and bead 129 to give it rigidity against magnetic unbalance.

It will be apparent that the clamping plate 126 may be relieved in a manner similar to the portion 124 where the spring 125 iexes to both sides of a single plane, but inasmuch as in the construction shown the spring 125 exes only to one side of such a plane, such relief is not necessary.

It is of course not necessary that the spring 125 be positioned perpendicularly with respect to the path of movement of the armature 90, as indicated in Figs. 8 and 9, this being done in the construction shown in order to make the motor more compact vand to facilitate concentric adjustment of thel armature, but it will be apparent that the construction may be modified to best suit the conditions met or the desires of the particular designer. For instance, it may be modified as indicated in Fig. 10 in which a member 134 similar to the member 120 is secured byl screws such as 135 to the side face of the yoke 89, the member. 134 being provided with a bent portion 136 having a bead 137 and recessed portion 138 in exactlv the same manner as the portion 124, bead 129 and recess 130 of the member 120. The spring 139 in this case lies in a. substantially horizontal plane and is clamped to the member 134 by a plate 140, its other end being clamped directly against the armature 90 by a plate member `such as 141. The member 134 is provided` with openings 142 therein in which the screws 135 are freely received, thus permitting the armature and cooperating parts to be shifted relative to the yoke within the limits of clearance between the walls of the openings 142 and the screws 135 to properly adjust the contacts 92 and position the collar 119 in the openings 103 in the core 83, or to vary the air gap between the armature and core.

In securing a flat spring between a pair-of to Work between the clamping members and, bearin against the rivets, cause them to wear t rough at the point where they coni tact with the spring and allow lsubsequent shlfting of the spring with attendant loss of adjustment. This wearing action is of course relatively slow., but in constructions particularly designed for long life it offers a serious problem. In the present invention, I have provided a construction which eliminates this wear of the rivets, andreferring to Figs. 8 and 9, is as follows:

The spring 125 at one or more points between the rivets 143 which secure the plate 128 to the portion 127 of the armature 90 is provided with an opening such as 144. After the late 128 has been riveted to the portion 12 of the armature 90 a punch'is employed to strike the surface of the late 128 dlrectly over. the openings 144. his causes thevsurface of the plate 128 at these points to be depressed as at 145 and causes the metal at such points to flow into and completely fill the corresponding openings 144 as at 146. This has the effect of locking the spring 125 to the plate 128 so as to effectively preventcreeping of the spring relative to the plate, and thus relieves the rivets' 143 from any wear due to this cause. The spring 125 is likewise provided with one ormore openings 147 between the rivets 143 passing through the plate 126, and the plate 126 is operated upon by a punch to form a depressionA 148 and a portion 149 of the metal is forced into the opening 147 in the same man ner as described above. It is, of course, obvious that the portions 127 and 124 may be extruded through the openings in the spring 125, instead of the members 128 and 126 respectively, and this may be referable in some cases because of the more ircct connec tion between the parts affected.

Inasmuch as the armature 90 has a pivotal action upon a line in the neighborhood of the spring 125, between the plates 126 and 128, and due to the fact that the stud 98 is limited to straight line motion, a rocking action occurs between the washer 101 and the under surface of the armature 90. Unless otherwise provided for, due to the different movements of the stud 98 and armature 90, the contact between the armature 90 and the washer 109 might be limited to that edge of the washer 101 nearest the line of pivot of the armature 90 and would be liable to cause undesirable localized wear. In order to overcome possibility of trouble from this standpoint, I counterbore the under surface of the armature 90 immediately around the opening 99 so as to provide a partially conical surface 150, best l shown in Figs. 17 and 18, whereby to provide a rolling contact between the armature 90 and the washer 101, thus insuring satisfactory cooperation between these two parts. The washer is provided, among other things, for

lao

equalizing the wear between the armature and the shoulder 100.

In the construction shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the device is shown as wired up for what is conventionally known as one-wire, or ground return circuit, such as is adaptable for use in connection with motor vehicles in which the frame and body of the vehicle and other mechanical parts are employed as the return side of the electrical circuits. In such a case a single Wire such as 151 from the positive side of the source of electric current extends through the flared opening 152 in the housing or cover 153 secured to the member 67 by screws such as 154, and which serves as a casing or cover for the motor. The wire 151 is connected with one end of the magnetvwinding 86, the other end of which is suitably connected with the contact 96. When the contacts 92 and 96 are in contact with each other the current passes into the contact 92 through the s ring member 91 and through the stud 98, pin 97 and bellows 66 and thence into the body member 30 which may be grounded to the frame or other part of the motor vehicle though its supporting bracket 155 which may be secured thereto by screws such as 156, or through the gasoline supply line, not shown, thus completing the electrical circuit. When it is desired to use the two-wire system it is then necessary to insulate the stud 98 from the bellows 66 in order to prevent the current from travelling through the same and the yoke 89 is then connected by a separate wire (not shown) leading to the other side of the source of electric current. The insulation of the bellows 66 from the stud 98 may be accomplished as indicated in Fig. 11 in which the bellows 66 instead of being provided with the threaded pin 97 as in Fig. 2, is provided' with a short stud such as 157 upon which is threaded an interiorly threaded sleeve 158 of suitable insulating material, into which in turn the stud 98 is threaded. This provides a simple and effective means for insulating the motor from the remainder of the mechanism.

Formal changes may be made in the specific embodiment of the invention described without departing from the spirit or substance of the broad invention, the scope of which is Y commensurate with the appended claims.

What Ilclaim is: y

1. In combination, a pair of superposed members separated by a fiat spring, said members being provided with cooperating flat faces between which said spring member is rigidly clamped against movement and further provided with cooperating portions spaced from said faces for clamping said spring therebetween along a substantially single line of contact, at least one of said members being relieved between its corresponding face and portion to permit ilexing of said spring therebetween.

2. In combination, a member having a rela- `face, a flat spring overlyin tively fiat face and also a portion therefrom in substantially the plane o said portion, means clamping sai spring to said face preventing flexing of said spring on said face, and means clamping said spring to said portion along a single line of contact, said spring being free to iiex in at least one direction betweensaid face and said line 'of contact.

3. In combination, a member having a substantially flat face and also a ridge parallel and spaced therefrom in substantially the' plane of said face, a dat spring overlyin said member, and a clamping member secure spring being rigidly secured against move-A ment at a oint relatively remote from an spaced' said face and y to the rst mentioned member extending opedge of sai member and projecting over said edge, and means, including a part extending into proximity with said edge for clampin said spring to said member adjacent sai edge by line Contact only, said spring being free to flex in at least one direction between said point and said edge.

5. In a connecting organization forsecnring a flat spring hinge member provided with a plurality of openings and disposed between a pair of clamping members each having at least one opening opposite one of the mentioned openings: a rivet extending through said clamping members and through one of said plurality of openings, said rivet being so headed as to retain saidrivet to clam said spring between said clamping members and there being a displaced portion of the metal of at least'one of said clamping members extending ,into another of said openings. v,

6. In a connecting organization for securing a flat spring inge member provided with a plurality of openings and disposed beiodo tending through said clampingmembers and through a corresponding member of mentioned openings in said spring and so headed as to clamp said spring between said clamping members, there being a displaced portion of the metal of at least one of said clamping members so extending into another of said openings so as to substantially lill the same.

7. In a connecting organization for securing a pair of members together for relatively pivotal movement by means of a fiat spring: means for rigidly clampinga materialv area of said spring to one of said members, and means for rigidly supporting it relative to said member at a point spaced from said area towards the other of said members and substantially on a single line of Contact,

said means bein so shaped as to render said spring free to ex in at least one direction between said line and said area; and means for securing the opposite end of said springv to said other of said members.

1 10 8. In combination, a pair of relatively rigid members, a flat spring extending between and resiliently connecting said members, means rigidly clamping a material area of said spring against one of said members, l5 means fixed relative to said last-mentioned -member clamping said spring thereto substantially on a single line of contact spaced from said area in the direction of the other of said members, and means securing said other of said members to said spring.

9. In combination with a pair of relatively movable members secured together by means of a fiat spring, a support on one of said members for said spring comprising a relatively flat face of material area and a bead spaced therefrom, and means, extending into proximity With both said face and said bead, for clampin said spring against said face and said bea a0 10. In combination with a pair of relatively movable members secured together by means of a fiat spring, a support onone'of said members for said spring comprising a relatively flat face of material area and a bead spaced therefrom, and a single member, extending into proximity with both said face and said bead, for clampin said spring against said face and said bea 11. In a connecting organization compris- 40 ing a fiat spring between a pair of metal `members, said spring being provided with an opening in that area of said spring adapted to be concealed between said members, means for clamping said members together with said spring between them, and a part of the metal of one of said members extending into said opening in said spring.

12. In a connecting organization including a flat hinge spring having an opening thered0 in, and a member, .that part of said spring surrounding said opening being placed against a face of said member, a clamping member overlying said spring and being secured to the first mentioned member and concealing said opening in said spring, and

part of the material from one of said mem bers being extended into said openinO.

JOHN M. LEA.

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