US1832093A - Antenna for radio apparatus - Google Patents

Description

NGV. 17, 1931. R CAMERON 1,832,093

ANTENNA FOR RADIO APPARATUS Filed Dec. 13, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet l a/M @gf/km A T TOR/VE Ysf R. CAMERON 1,832,093

ANTENNA FOR RADIO-APPARATUS Filed DeC. 13, 1926 2 SheetSFSheet 2 Nov. 17, 1931.

' if A TTORA/Yst o c0000 o o o o ooQDOOoOo Ooo o oo oq q/oo o o c o'o oo Patented Nov. 17, 1931 r Fries RICHARD cAivninoN, or BUFFALO, NEW'YORK ANTENNA von RADIO APPARATUS Application filed December 13, 1926. Serial No. 154,416.

ratus, for example, it is customary to expose a receiving circuit to the action of passing electromagnetic Waves, and these Waves induce in the receiving circuit currents having frequencies corresponding to the frequencies of the Waves passing the circuit. Such circuits commonly include What is known as an antenna or conductor mounted in an elevated position and connected through the receiving apparatus to either a ground'or counterpoise, the `ground or. counterpoise and the elevated conductor acting as a condenser having interposed air as the dielectric. The radio1-frequency currents induced in this antenna receiving circuit are amplified in the receiving apparatus.

Various attempts have been made to increase the intensity of the currents induced in the antenna receiving circuit by iiicreasing the length of the elevated conductor or antenna, but the lengthv could not be materially increased beyond a given extent, for the reason that the tuning of the receiving ,circuit then became so broad that currents of different frequencies and of relatively' large intensity were induced in the antenna receiving circuit simultaneously, and this caused interference or mixing of the signals being` received. The separation or selection of signal Waves or currents has been particd ularly difficult under such conditions.

An object of this invention is to provide an improved antenna Which Will be particularly sensitive and responsive to passingV Aelectromagnetic Waves; with which signals will be received with maximum clarity and Various other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description of an embodiment of the invention, and the novelfeatures will be particularly pointed out hereinafter in connection with the appended claims.

ln the accompanying drawings Fig. l is a perspective of a ksimple antenna constructed in accordance With the invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan of the same; y Fig. 3 is a front elevation of the same.; Fig. 4 is a fragmentary, sectional elevation of the same; and

Fig. 5 is a detail section of one of the insulators thereof. i

In the illustrated simple embodiment of the invention, a post or standard 1 is provided intermediate of its ends with a plurality of cross arms 2, 3, 4 and 5, which radiate from the post or standardl from approximately the same sectionV of the post.` The arms are preferably arranged in opposite pairs, the arms 2 and 4 being diametrically opposite and forming one'pair and the arms 3 and 5 being diametrically opposite and forming another pair. The sections of the post immediately above and below the point from which the arms radiate serve as additional arms for the mounting of conductors 6 and 7 in a manner to be explained hereafter. Along each arm and along thev post above and below the point from which the arms radiate, suitable insulators 8 `are arranged in roWs radiating Y from approximately the point from Awhich the arms radiate and spaced apart from one another at different distances from the post-1, or along the post 1 from the point at which the arms radiate. These insulators may be of any desired or suitable construction. but in the particular example, each insulator may comprise a short length 9 of rubber tubing secured end- Wise against the posti or an arm, by a suitable vnail or the like 10,.vvhich passes endwise through the stretch of rubber tubing and into the post or radiating arm' With the head of the nail abutting against the outer end of that stretch 0r piece of tubing.

One end of the conductor 6 is anchored, for

example, to the innermost insulator 8 upon one of the arms, such as the arm 2, that 1s, to that insulator on the arm 2 which 1s nearest the post 1.. The conductor is then passed to and around'an insulator 8 on the post 1 immediately above the radiating arms; thence to and around an insulator 8 on the arm 4 near-v conductor was secured. The Winding ofthe conductor 6 is thus continued between theV arms 2, the upper and lower section of post l, and the arm 4, so-that the conductor will be wound thereon in an outwardly extending coil or approximate spiral, that. is, the stretches ofthe coil between'the arms and post willbe straight instead of arcuate. The wires or conductors may be looped around each insulatoigif desired, to prevent displacement thereon if the stretches of wire should be subsequently elongated or the coils are not wound suiiiciently tight. The outer enddof the conductor 6 will be anchored for example to one of the armsv or tothe post, suclras tothe outerendY of the arma, as shown in Fig. l. H

The conductor 7 will be similarly wound upon the arms 3 and aiandtheupper and lowersections of the post,soras'to form a second coil'whose plane vis at an angle,V such as a right'angle, lfor example, to the plane of the first mentioned coil formed by the conductor v6. The insulators 8 are so arranged along the arms and the post that the various turns of the coils of the conductors 6 and 7 will be insulated from one another, that is, out of contact. The turns of one coil will extend through the spaces between the turns angles with: one another, either acute angles or angles of90, and also'in more or less inductiveA relation to fonel another. A common lead-in wire V1l is connected to the conductors 6 and Z adjacent their outer ends, as shown in Fig. l, and this lead-in lwire is connected tothe radio set in place of the usual antenna connection. In such a case, the usual ground-connection of the set will be preferably maintained'as heretofore, although this improved antenna gives excellent results even without a ground connection to the set.

It has been found by actualtest and experimentation that' a receiving set having an antenna' constructed in accordance with the herein described andillustrated embodiment receiveslwith equal selectivity and volume from all directionsfrom Whichelectromag netic waves or radiant energy may be coming. A set having such an antenna will receive relatively weak signals with considerable intensity, infact with greater intensity than has been heretofore possible with the usual aerials commonly in use, and it has been found that signals which when first tuned in are-weak, will be built up automatically in a shortv interval of time, with the resultthat vthe intensity of the signal will increase very out any material or undesirable broadening of the tuning of the set, with the result that increased volume or intensity of incoming signals may be obtained by increasing the length of conductor included in eac-h of the coils'. The coils are preferably also wound in the same directions.' Y

One embodiment ofsuch an antenna which has been foundvery successful Was three feet six inches from tip to tip of the larms and approximately one hundred feet of wire was wound in each coil, with the insulators 8 approximately one inch apart along each arm and the post l. These dimensions,however, are merely examples, and are not in any sense necessarily limiting, as other dimensions may be selected within the principle and scope of the invention.

It will 'be' .understoodyof course vthat the coils may be formed in various ways andA in different shapes, and may be arranged in various relations to one another, in which relations thel coils will have a mutua-l eHect or influence upon one another suchthat the intensity of the received signals will be greater andthe tuningl sharper than has been commonly thecase with prior antenna.

Attention is called to the fact-that each .conductor is looped or coiled to provide a plurality of coil convolutions of polygonal form in which each convolution has acommon axis with the other convolutions of the Vsaine conductor. rlhe convolutions of each conducvtor vary successively in size and have the sides of the polygons formed thereby spaced substantially equi-distant from one another'. Each conductor has corresponding coil convolutions crossing in adjacent relation at substantially right angles, as illustrated, although the angular relation of one coil to the other may be varied asdesired. Each conductor is interthreaded with the other in alternate relation so that the plane in which the coil convolutions of each conductor lie intersects the plane of the other conductor in angular relation, the point of intersection heing the point at which the coil convolutions of the respective conductors are crossed. It is to be further noted that the common axis 5 of the coils of each conductor lie in the same plane'in crossed relation.

An important feature of the invention resides in the provision of a single standard having a plurality of arms radiating there- 1@ from in which the conductors, upon being arranged on the arms and the standard as illustrated, cooperate therewith to retain the arms and standard in assembled relation so that should the mounting of one or more arms in the standard become loose due to various causes, the antenna will still be maintained in its assembled operative form.

It Will be further understood that various changes in the details, which have been herein 2o described and illustrated in order to explain the nature of the invention, may be made by those skilled in the art Within the principle and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention 1. An antenna, comprising a supporting post, a plurality of arms arranged in pairs, each having one end secured to the central portion of said post and extendingV radially y therefrom, a pair of coil windings, each having a plurality of convolutions, each convolution being attached to saidgpost at opposite sides of said central portion, and extending from said post in opposite directions and attached to one pair of said arms, and a lead in connection to each of said coils.

2. A radio antenna, comprising a supporting post adapted for connection With a suitable support at one end, two pairs of arms,

each having one end connected to said post in the central portion thereof, the arms of each pair extending laterally from opposite sides of said post in axial alignment, each pair of arms being arranged substantially at right angles to the other pair of arms and said post, and a pair of conductors, each coiled into a plurality of spaced convolutions, each convolution of each conductor having a substantially polygonal form, the convolutions of each conductor lying in the same plane and varying successively in size, one conductor having each convolution thereof secured to said post and one pair of armslat the apices of said polygons, and the other conductor having the convolutions thereof secured to the other pair of arms and said post in a similar manner, said conductors having corresponding convolutions crossing in spaced relation adjacent said post to provide an interthrea-d- B0 ed relation between said conductors with the planes thereof substantially at right angles, said conductors having an electrical connection for a lead-in at one end only.

a. RICHARD CAMERON.

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