US1831240A

US1831240A - Process and apparatus for forming hame bodies

Info

Publication number: US1831240A
Application number: US226381A
Authority: US
Inventors: John M Glaser
Original assignee: U S HAME Co
Current assignee: U S HAME Co; Us Hame Co
Priority date: 1927-10-15
Filing date: 1927-10-15
Publication date: 1931-11-10
Anticipated expiration: 1948-11-10

Description

J. M. GLASER Nov. 10, 1931.

Filed Oct. 15, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet l Nov. 10, 1931.

J. M. GLASER 1,831,240

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING HAME BODIES Filed Oct. 15, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Nov. 10, 1931 UNITED STATES. Tamer-me JOHN m. GLASER, or BUFFALO, NEW YonK, nssrono'a TO U.

BUFFALO, NEW YORK s. HAME COMPANY, 01'

PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING HAME BODIES Application filed October 15, 1927. Serial No. 226,381;

This invention relates to processes and mechanisms for producing tubular hames of the kind made without a filler or insert and which have the side thereof which bears against the usual collar flattened toproduce abctter distribution of the load on the animal.

It is well known that a hame made from a piece of metal tubing has the advantages of great strength and durability, but the manutacture ofa well shaped tubular hame without 'a filler-has presented eertaindifiiculties.

Such tubular hames as have been made either have not been shaped to properly fit the .col-

1 lat of a draft animal or else they have been provided with inserts or fillers, which add materially to the expense of the hame. In order to provide for a distribution of the load on the animal it is necessary to have an exgo tended flat bearing surface on the hame which bears against the corresponding surface on the collar. Hames with such extended fiat bearing surfaces have less tendency to cut into or deform the usual collar, which deforcollar and in an uneven distribution of the draft on the shoulders of the animal. In making tubular hames without-inserts r fillers, the correct flattening of a side of a hame could only be done by a series of successive die operations, and any attempts heretofore made to flatten a side of a hollow tubular hame in one operation resulted in the formation of a concavity in the flattened side which greatly reduced the strength of the hame due to excessive change in shape of the metal. Consequently, to avoid excessive weakening of the Qis a; mation results in a rapid wearing out of the prevent the concaving ofthe metal on the flattened side of the hame; also to provide a die for flattening a side of a hollow tubular hame whichdie 18 provided with a concavity therein extending lengthwise of the middle portion of the flattened side of the hame and which prevents the concaving of the flattened side of the hame; also to provide a method and apparatus bymeans of which the holes usually required in a hame body may be provided; also to improve methods of and apparatus for producing tubular 'hames in other respects hereinafter specified.

} In the accompanyingdrawin s,

Fig. l is a longitudinal view 0 a tubefrom which a hame embodying this intention may be made.

Fig. 2 is a similar view of the tube after the same has been subjected to a ,swaging operation.

I 3 and 4: are respectively face views of the lower and upper dies by means of.

which a tapered tube such as shown in Fig.

ressed while cold, in a single operation into a tube having a flattened side.

Fig. .5- is a transverse, sectional View of the two dies shown in Figs. 3 and 4, showing the same inoperative relation to each other and showing a swaged tube such as illustrated in Fig. 2 positioned on the lower die. Fig. 6 is a View similar to F ig. '5 showing the position of the dies after the completio of the flattening. operation.

Figs. 7 and Sare transverse, sectional views of a pair of dies used for punching holes in the hame bodies, Fig. 7 showing the dies separated and Fig. 8' showing the positions of thedies at the end of the punching operation. Fig. 9 is a longitudinal view of a finished hame body. v

A, Fig. 1 represents a length of metal tubing from which the bodies of the hames are made. This. tubing may be either of the seamless type or may have a suitably. welded elongation of the metal during the first step in the process of making hame bodies, which consists in subjecting both end portions of the tubes to the action of a swaging machine. During this swaging, which may be carried out in any suitable or desired swaging machine, the tubes are tapered so that the tube assumes a form approximately as shown at B in Fig. 2, the upper end being given a gradual taper extending approximately from the middle portion of the tube to the upper end, while the other end is more abruptly tapered, the taper ending from considerably below the middle portion of the tube to the lower end. The swaging of the ends of the tube causes the tube to become somewhat elongated and also causes the metal near the end portions of the tube to be considerably increased in thickness, the increase in thickness being more or less proportional to the de creasein the outside diameter of the tube.

The tube is then ready for the operation of flattening a side thereof. This operation is accomplished by means of a pair of dies illustrated in Figs. 3 to 6 inclusive. The lower die G is provided with a recess D in the upper surface thereof which recess corresponds approximately to the contour of the curved side of the hame. The upper die E is provided with a. substantially flat lower surface F and is adapted to press against the upper surface of the tube B while contained in the recess D of the lower die. It has been found by experience that whenever attempts are made to obtain a flat surface on a side of a hollow tubular hame body by compressing a side of the hame with a flat die in a single operation, the surface of the tube which is subjected to the pressure by the flat die buckles inwardly and thus forms a concavity on the outer surface of the tube. This inward buckling is objectionable, in the first place, because it brings about an excessive and unnecessary deformation of the metal of the tube and thus weakens the metal at the portion which is buckled. Furthermore a hame with a concavity or depression in its flattened side does not cooperate properly with the collar of the draft animal. In order toovercome this objectionable concaving or inward buckling of the metal of the tube, I provide the lower flat face F of the upper die with a shallow recess or depression G. This depression extends substantially centrally of the hame and lengthwise thereof and terminates at slight distances from the ends of the hame body. I have found that this slight depression in the flat face of the upper die entirely prevents the tendency of the metal of -the hame tube B from collapsing or concaving inwardly. The depression G in the upper die is so shallow that the metal of the hame tube does not readily flow into the depression during the flattening operation, so

" that theflattened side of the hame body is either entirely flat or else only an extremely slight ridge or projection is formed on the flattened surface of the hame, which does not in any way interfere with the distribution of pressure from the surface of the hame to the collar of the draft animal. Bythe use of a depression in the die the tube can be formed, while cold, from the shape shown in Fig. 5 into a tube B shown in Fig. 6 in a single operation, whereas heretofore flat surfaces of this kind could only be produced by means of a series of dies and sometimesreheating the tube between die operations was also necessary. Asthe result of this construction of the upper die, only the initial pressure on the tube tending to flatten av side thereof is exerted on themiddle portion of the tube while the same is in engagement in the groove or recess G, and consequently after the initial downward movement of the die in contact with the-tube, further pressure upon the tube is exerted by the edges of the recess at some distance from the central portion of the tube,

thus relieving the longitudinal central portion of the tube of the pressure which would cause collapsing or concaving of this central portion if an entirely flat'die were used. I have found that when using my improved process of flattening a side of a tube, the annealing or heat treating of the tube, during or after the swaging operation, can be entirely dispensed with, without in any way decreasing the strength of the hames. If a flat. die were used for flattening a side of a tube, the additional deflection of the metal due to the inward buckling or concaving of the metal would greatly decrease the strength of hame bodies made without annealing.

It hasheretofore been found impractical in the manufacture of tubular hames without filler or spacing members therein, to punch holes in the body portions of the hames to which the draft attachments, rein rings and other parts of the hame are attached. I have found, however, that bymaking a hame with a flat side of considerable area, holes can be punched through'the body portion of the hame adjacent to the flat side and in a direction substantially parallel thereto because of the resistance to bending or deformation of the hame afforded by the flat side. The punching of these holes may be done in any suitable or desired manner, for example, by means of the dies shown in Figs. 7 and 8 in which H represents a holder which is formed to receive a pair of hames. L represents the punching dies which are arranged to punch a hole into the hame in close proximity to the flat side thereof.

The holder, in the particular construction illustrated, includes'a pair of fixed upright supports 10 having substantially flat faces against which the flattenedfaces of the hame body may rest, and movable holding members 11 having concave faces 12 adapted to p 15 in any holder H,

receive the correspondingly curved convex faces of the opposite sides of the hamebody. These slidable members 11 are mounted on guide rods 14 and normally held in the position shown in Fig. 7 by means of springs 15 of any' suitable or desired form. The movable members 11 may be moved toward the fixed members 10 against the action of the springs suitable or desired manner, for example, by means of a wedge member 16 which is mounted on the holder 17 for the upper dies L. This wedge is adapted to cooperate with acorresponding wedge face 18 of the slidable members 11 in such a manner that when the holders 17 for the upper dies descend,the wedge member 16 first moves the movable members 11 into their holding positions shown in Fig. 8, whereupon the upper dies L punch the hame bodies B held in the holder H. Upon the return movement of the punching dies, these dies L are completely withdrawn from the hame bodies before the wedge member 16 moves out of engagement with corresponding faces of the members 11, so that the because of the concave faces 12 in the movable membersll, also serves to strip the hame bodies from the punching dies. t

will be noted that in this holder the change of shape of the hame body is prevented by the concave face 12 and the flat face of the fixed members 10 of the holder so that there. is no tendency of either of these two faces of the hame bodies to buckle or to become deformed because of the punching operation.

w It will be obvious, however, that if the flattened side of the hame bodies were concave or buckled inwardly as wouldbe the case if the flattening of the sides. of the hame bodies were effected by means of a hat die, then the flat faces-of the parts 10- of the holder would not brace these, inwardly buckled sides and consequently downward pressure of the punches .L would tend to increase the inward buckling of the flattened side walls, so that the flat faces of the fixed members 10 would not in any way reinforce the flat sides of the hame bodies against further buckling inwardly. Consequently my improved process of flattening the sides of the hame bodies makes possible the operation of punching holes in the hame bodies without imparting any weakness thereto, which operation is obviously very much less expensive than the drilling of such holes. The tubular hame bodies are preferably subjected to the action of the usual bending dies before the holes are punched therein, which dies bend the opposite ends of the tapered tubes to produce the shapes de. ired, for example, as in cheated at M in Fig. 9.

In hames of this kind in which the end por tions have been materially reduced in size by the swaging process, the thickness ofthe metal in the end walls is correspondingly in creased and consequently holes can be punched into the metal near the ends thereof because of the thickness of the metal therein." Consequently holes can be punched in the ends of the hames as well as in the flattened portions thereof, so thatthe relatively expen- 5 sive drilling operationfcan be entirely dispensed with. 1 1

By the uscof my improved process, all of the va'rioussteps described can be carried out without either heating of the tubes or hame The hame described can be made as large as is necessary or ClGSlI.

able to produce a uniform pressure on the collar of'the draft animal to avoid deformation of the collar. tur-al advantages resulting from the use of my improved process and apparatus, the hame bodies are produced at a cost lower than In addition toithe struc-- that of many types of hames heretofore made.

- I claim as my invention I I 1 In a process of making hollow, tubular hame bodies, the step of flattening a side of a hame body by applying pressure initially to the longitudinal, middle portion of the part of the hame body to befiattened and then pressing the opposite'sides ;offsaid..middle portion toward the interior of the hame body in advance of said middlep'ortion.

2. In a process of making hame bodies without fillers, the step of fia-ttening a side of the hame bodyby applying pressure first to the longitudinal middle portion of the part of the hame body to beflattened and then at opposite sides of said middle portion to a greater extent than on said middle portion to prevent inward buckling of said middle portion.

3. The process of making hollow tubular hame bodies without fillers, consisting of subjecting a cylindrical tube to a swaging action for tapering the ends. thereof, and then flattening apart of aiside'of said hame body by first engaging the middle portion of the part tobe flattened by aconcave portion of a. die and then engaging the part to be flattened at opposite sides of said longitudinal. middle portion by a flat portion of the die.

4. Thevprocess of making hollow tubular r hame bodies wlthoutfillers, consisting of subjecting a cylindrical tube to a swaging action for. tapering the ends thereof, and then,

hollow, tubular ice iio

while the metal is in the same physical condi- 7 tion as at the conclusion of the swaging, flattening a part of the side of the hamebody by first applying pressure to the longitudinal middle portion of a part of a hame body and then at opposite sides ofgsaid middle portion.

5. The process of maki-n'ghollow, tubular hame bodies, which consists of flattening a part of a side of the hame body by pressing a side thereof inwardly and by pressing the middle portion of the side inwardly to a less extent than adjacent portions so that said middle portion extends slightly outwardly beyond adjacent portions of the flattened part, and then punching holes'into an edge portion of the hame body adjacent to said flat side while the opposite sides of said hame body are held against outward flexing.

6. The process of making hollow, tubular hame bodies, consisting of subjecting a cylin-v drical tube to a swaging action for tapering the ends thereof, flattening a part of the side of the hame body by pressing the same inwardly and pressing the middle portion of said side inwardly to a less extent than adjacent portions so that said middle portion of said side extends slightly outwardly beyond adjacent portions of the flattened part, and then punching holes into said hame adjacent to said flattened part while the opposite sides of the hame are held against outward deflection. v

7. The process of making hollow, tubular hame bodies, consisting of subjecting a cylindrical tube to a swaging action for tapering the ends thereof and increasing the thickness of the metal in said ends, flattening a side of the hame body by pressing portions of said side inwardly and by pressing the longitudinal middle portion of said side inwardly to a less extent to permit the same to project slightly outwardly beyond adjacent portions of said flattened side, and then punching holes through said hame adjacent to said flattened sideiand in a direction substantially parallel thereto and through said ends of increased thickness while the opposite sides of the hame are held against outward deflection.

8. A mechanism for shaping a hollow tubular member to flatten a side thereof, including a concaved die adapted to receive the tubular member, and a die having a substantially flat face adapted to engage said tubular member while confined in said concaved die, said flat die having a longitudinal recess formed intermediate of the sides of said flat face into which the metal of the central portion of the tubular member enters and which prevents the inwardvbucklingof the central portion of the flattened sid r 9. A mechanism for shaping a tubular member to flatten a side thereof, including a die provided with a concave portion for holding said tubular member, and a die having a substantially flat face adapted to engage said tubular member while confined in said concave portion and having a shallow recess intermediate of the sides of said flat face and cooperating with the central portion of the side to be flattened of the tubular member to prevent inward buckling of said portion of said tubular member.

10. A mechanism for shaping the intermediate portion of a tapered, tubular member to form said member with a convex side and a flattened side including a die having a concave portion adapted to receive said tubular member, said concave portion being shaped in accordance with the shape desired on said convex side, and a second die for forming the flat side of said tubular body while confined 1n saidother die and having a flat surface and a recess arranged therein intermediate of the edges of said flat surface and extending substantially centrally of the side to be flattened, the edges of said recess engaging said tubular member after the initial movement of said second die relatively to said first die, to prevent inward buckling of the flattened side of said tubular member.

11. A process of flattening a side of a hollow tubular metal body, including the steps of first applying pressure to and pressing inwardly the longitudinal middle portion of the part to be flattened, then applying pressure simultaneously to said part at opposite sides of said middle portion and said middle portion to press said part inwardly, pressure being applied to said sides to press the same toward the interior ofthe hame body in advance of said middle portion.

12. A process of flattening a side of a hollow tubular metal body, including the steps of first pressing inwardly the longitudinal middle portion of the part to be flattened, then applying pressure simultaneously to said middle portion and to portions at opposite sides of said middle portion, and continuing to press said opposite sides inwardly in advance of said middle portion.

13. A process of flattening a side of a hollow tubular metal body, including the steps of first pressing inwardly the longitudinal middle portion of the part to be flattened, and then applying pressure to portions at opposite sides of said middle portion and pressing said opposite side portions inwardly slightly in advance of said middle portion.

14., A die for forming a flattened side on a tubular member, said die having a substant ally flat face provided with a shallow recess intermediate of the sides of said flat face in the portion thereof adapted to engage the longitudinal central portion of the part of the tubular member to be flattened.

JOHN M. GLASER.