US1827865A - Boiler - Google Patents

Description

P. WRIGHT Oct. 20, 193i.

BOILER.

Filed May 2, 1928 3 Sheets-Sheet l FIG.,

Fiww'r WVTNESSES.

aNvENTR.

A'QTORNEY HKS oef. 2o, 1931. lP. wmGH-r 1,827,865

ITT!

H 1S ATTORNEYS 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 P. WRIGHT oct. 20,11931.

BOILER Filed May 2, 1928 g w? m His ATTOFQNEYS liatentedct. 20,1931

fif-UI? WFIGH'OFBIRMINGHAM, Lanai/IA' Application mea May v2,1 1328. serial No.274,ez4. f

lThis invention relates to boilersof the. type described Yin my U.' S. Patent 1,437,790, dated December, 1922. K

' The object of the preSQIlt linvention is', to

6" secure an eficientgeneration of stea-mandits separation from the water, at thesame timeprovide a compact associationrof the component parts, thus efe'ctingeconomy in the construction vof-the furnace its setn 10 ting. With this object in view, the invention consists in a novelarrangement Offdriims and boileritubes and their combination withe'ach other and with the furnace, together Withxvigj .System 0f ballngfor :directingtlie beata-C1k A gasesroverand around said'tubes.

One form whichl the invention may `assume isshown in the accompanying drawings, it isl to beexpressly understood thatfsai'd drawings, are for Athe ,purpose of illustration only and are not designed' to defihe'the limits of theinvention, reference beinghad to 'the appended claims forthis purpose., I

In the drawings,in` which 'similarjreferJ ence"r characters "designate," corresponding parts-. .Il ,l a. 'up j .1 Fig. 1 is a vertical longitudinal section of,l a boiler embodying the invention;4 Fig. 2 is al horizontal enlargedsection of the boilery and furnace on line Fig. 1;' Fig. B'is a vertical `longitudinal section of a modification ofthe invention; and

Fig. 4'is a'ffragmentary View showing the method of connecting certain of'the tubes to the WaterY drum; f g L Referring particularly to Figs. 1^and2f, the

boiler proper comprisesfa -fsupporte'd bottom or mud drurnl, alsuspended frontforwater drum 2 and asupported topor'fsteaini drum 3, in the Yrelationthat the front drum'.v is forward of and above theobottom Vdruml thetop drun. is backward vof and `above t e frontv drum and also forwardof a verticalV plane midway between the front drum and thebottom mud drum. These drums areiconnected b y three principal banks of tubes having the relation that (as shownin Fig. 1) the'first bink 5 connects the upperlleft.handquadiant of the rear drum'l'with the lowerfrighthand quadrante-f thefront drum 2 thereby pro- '50 viding a `gradually i ascending bank kbetween culating system are described in y.patent thetwo drums over the re box; the secondi* bank 'connects'the upper righthand quadf rant of drum 2 with the lower left hand quad-I ra1`1t; "ofvk the top druni 3, thereby providingV A an ascending *bankgenerally` in a vertical di-` rection, :although this tube bank 6 'may be inclinedhslightly forward. or slightly rearward (fromithesvertical) to suit "construcf tionadvantages that govern," and a `third v bank-7, considerably longer than the'- first '60 y and secend banks,`wh ich, with tubesf8,`connectsfthe lower right hand Aopladrant of; the top lwith the upper right handfquadjkraltOvff thebottoinv drum 1,thereby providing a descending' 'inclinedjbank The irstfbank 65 5 fis'gpreferably somewhat longer than"V the boiler comprisesin addition to'banks 5,16 and Y 70v second'bankdbutml-y be'ujof the samevlength 7 ,."bai'iks' of furnace ytubes as follows `'llubelbank 2:0connectinga water headerfl." with front drum 2; tube bank'21gconnecting 5 a 4waterheader lwiththe'front ,drum` 2; and tube" banks .22' on either side of the furnace, connecting water headers 17, 17with front dru1n'2. A feed water supplyV `for water head-V 1 efrls15, 17 and 19 lis provided byfmeansof pipes 13 vleading from bottom drum 1, thencey through pipes 1&1l to header 15, through pipes ,8,0

16,.,16to lheaders 1,7,Yan'dthe'nce through pipesfl, 18 to header 19,fsee/ Fig. 2;. By

this'means a main circulating system iS pro# vided that 4consists yof bottom,Y front and steamdrums triangularly disposed and com-l inunicatingi infrzjseriesthrough interposed vbanks" offtubes, a `secondary circulating 'i .system ,comprising water headers lcommunieatingA yin lseries Vt'lirough furnace banks of tubes withthe main system at the frontdrum, pertaining to'which the arrows onfthe draw,- ings'indicate the paths and-directions of flow.

. ,"Theadvantages obtained in circulation and steam dise'ng'agingl capacity of the Vmain 'ciraforesaid. The vsecondary circulating system. possesses the following advantages. The

`yvatertubes 20,21 and 22 are directly exposed in ,thehottestjportionsf of thefurnace and, vbeing subjectedto. radiantheat, they vmore efveyed `jwithout obstruction rorl uconstricted 4` llt will be seen from,Fi g.'1 that the water Y the feed pipes l'supply'water to the headers y 2o flow, into the main circulating systems upcast bank of tubes 6 preparatory to disengaging in the top drum; ,adequatel provision,"

is made to care for eXtreme expansions and contractions of the furnace tubes; and quick facilities forcleaning the tubes by turbining are afforded as well as accessibilityfto all parts.

supply for the boiler proper is fedintopdrum 1 through pipe 12, and that fromdrum l 15, 17 and '19. Thus almost the entirewater content of theboiler proper 4isvavailable to serve pipes'l and with considerable hydrostaticheadhishead being proportionate to the difference in elevation ofthe headersV 15 lfand 19 and the water level in'top drum 3; As aresult, an extremely rapid generation of steam inthe furnace tubes is accomplished witliout"endangering them (from overheat`` ing) by a" lack of an unfailingfsupply of:

water in ample quantity.V a V l Y As the, additional "furnace tubes deliver their steam and -waterrinto drum`f 2,"from through a plurality of tubes into the topor steamdrum 3,V the passage or iow vis, accomplished Vsmoothly without belches orfspurts and *hencethe` steam is disengaged Vwith the advantage V*of Y aV minimum moisture content; The ypassage of steam fromv the furnace tubes ofthe .secondary circulating system through bank iserves to further accelerate circulation through .the main circulating system, and

this is advantageous in increasing steam gen`V eration. v'llhe furnace tubes are lsubjected to a widefrange of temperature changes between conditions l*when the boiler is idle and when it is i-nop'eratiom'and therefore they must properly accommodate movement due to eX- p'ansio'n and contraction.` jAs is disclosed in myV patent aforesaid an'dfmy improvements fthereonfherein specified, thetop drum Sis 'fixed and rests on a beam `30 supported on columns 29 and31; the bottom drum 1 Ais yieldingly supported o n inclined brackets 32 attached to columns 31,; drum. 2 is :suspended by thev boiler tubes 5 and 6 and yetl its guided movement calised/by expansion or contraction is very slight, due to the compensating Vmovement of drum land the construction just described. Moreover `4the headerv15, is supportedon saddles, as shown, andthe connecting tubes 2O are of Asuch shape and length Y as toheasily accommodate' any expansion lor v j contraction" movementby bending; tubes 21 serve to suspendheader 194 whichis free to i senses move; headers are supportedon saddles 15', andV tubes 22* leading therefrom are curved at the `upperand lower portions so ,as to easily accommodate such movements by bending; and all connecting pipings have bends affording necessary movement. These features eliminate` unduly strained' tubes as downwardfor internal cleaning, as' this can lbefidone from within drum 2 vand thereby save the eXtra time and work that would be occasioned ifttheahandhole plates opposite tube ends in headers had to be removed for cleaning thesetubeslf. 3T

TheN type of furnace illustrated in Figs. A1 and 2 is arranged for a multiple retort forced draft underfeed stoler'? ,but the invention is not limitedyto affurnace employing such a stolzer, since the furnace and` circulating system may lbeV 'adapted for other types ofl stokers "or hand 'firing or to" arrangements for burning pulverized fuel'. f 'Moreover one of the Vheaders with its bank of tubes might be `omitted,"`f0r' eXample header 19 with its tubes 21,1'withoutdeparting from the invention;y Y." K

:This definite relation of drums and tubes lendsit'self tocan improvement Vin bailing that 'forms apart of thefpresent invention.

Y y y By referencey to Fig.` 1 itvvill be seenthat the whence same passes4 naturally upwardfandl row of tubes 8 serves to support the principal reflfactory baffle 26` that directs *the furnace gases successively 'around the tubeV banks l"se e: Ul

'fiat romthefireboi to thejexit.y 'A novel fea- Y tureis the arrangeinent ofptubes 8, which extendfrom the upper side "of drum 1 tothe lower side of drum 3, thereby providing a continualupward path offiowH-for the steam and water within these' tubes'. VThis flow is jupwardfsincethe baffle 26 supported on tubes V8 exposes these tubesto gases fof' a sufficiently high 'temperature togenerate steam which thereforey flows jto drum`- 3 -for disengaging. i

` Ihese tubes 8 cm'stitutea` support for thel refractory baffle tiles 26,` andfthesetiles tend to slide downward onl the inclined ltubes and hence: always remainxtightly jointed. Fur'- .f thermore i this inclined, .position4 v of theV bame ,1'

tilesvf-acilitates the sweeping downward of "for fili' any dustl'broughtfromthe furnace by the flowing Q gases, ythereby assuring clean baffles that are'V tight andyet rf,reel'fromzlodgment of i 3 dust. The-shape of tubes Swith reference vto tube bank 7 providesv room forV an access door intl'leifside wall betweenltubes 8 and bank 7 ,thereby permitting all baffle tiles Vto be inspectedjor handled in 'orout of the a setting L1 1, A

Vln positionino` tubes 8 with relation to bank Vof tubes it is lat'lvantageous in certain sies'of boilersfth'at tubes'8 be arranged .aboutparallel to theadj acent tubes nbank l asas-es A7, therebyiaffording ailarge'rtiangiilar space `between ttubebanksj15,"6"and Y r l date a superheater of larger proportions. In

end ofthe baiiie may bef'changedv in Asize K merely by puttingon'orftaking'offsomefof the tiles 26 on tubes 8. Furthermore la minivmum lossin drafts results can-'be secured by proper proportioning of the gas passage and with a minimum ofabrupt turns in direction of flow. If necessity arises for 'rem'ov' ing and replacing' any of the *boiler "tubes, the simplicity j of this baiiling-andfits easy boiler operation and'work" expenses involved inchanging a tube. v f

AThis arrangement Vofbaflle 26 on tubes `8 serves to directthe heated gases over'asuperheater element '36..V` The novel arrangement 'this general position `of'supe'rheater witlrreference to the gas passage/is quite advantageous because the gases arrive in said position at' a suitable temperature forf'eflicient y'and successful superheat transfer sincel they have first 'passed through`tube bank "5,v `which serves to properly temper the gasesftherebyv preventing the superheater tubes fromipo'ssible over-heating.V

'I As showninj'Fi'g. l, thesuperheater'g,

'within the triangular space between the'boil-` er banks', 6 'and i7, isconnected to thev sat- 45 uratedsteam header 36 and the superheated 'front wall. But theilocation of At-hesatufrated steam' header and the superheated tsteam headervadjacent the front wall is V'these two headersmaybe placed outside of 'and adjacent vany other wall orwallsand connected'to the superheater'36,4v if the par-r Atcular construction makes .this desirablefas here shown, the superheater is supported within thefurnace on 'the 'drum v'2 and'on a vbracket 5 attachedy to the bank` of tubes'. n The relation of drums, tubes,'headersand 'pipings 'comprising the main andthe sec- 60 ondary circulating `systems 'herein "described, together" with the supporting'frame,'provide Vfor certain improvementsin the furnace setting. 'The` 'furnace lowerfront wall- 34' lmay "have-its lower" portionfarranged'for v'a-"`stoker of drums and' tubes. providesamplespaceJ for Y' the superheater 36, Vas shown inF1g. l, and

steam'header 36",f'bothof'whic'h are locatedwithout .the heat zonesH and adjacent ithe shown for illustrative ypurposes only, since f 'i4` is abovethe'front drum.2 and-'forwar'dfzof Lwall'islsupportedlinfixed position'bybeam ffront wall 35 provides useful expansion j Jorntyieldingto upward or downwardmove# ment-pfeil@ lower wail, Whiisfminaimgaso as'ti'ght jcontactbetween the-two. IgAA suitl sable plate' "lcapsl off wall B/ito prevent dust ffrom lodging' between "the -ndrum-and Wall.

` vThus lower;A wall 84may yieldinglyr expand "or contract `and have-its lalignment fnfl-ain-a;

ltained by thenovel arrangement described. Theflife ofthe wall 'Slistherebygreatly rrolonged. i I

removal and y'replacement will save'timefof y .'Thefurnace setting arranged with'the-se'c- Y "fOIdary circulating systeml of furnace 'tubes'rpo 20, Qlaud 22-provides a firebox'v thatwillffperf mit amuchmore'v rapid heat release from" fuel burned 4. therein than'would bef` the casefwit'h- Y out'employing theseftubes in group or-singly.v Therefore these furnace tubes serve to i iii-'i595 crease the heat resistance yof the walls' and prO- 'long the life of the furnace setting'andipro- Y vide an eiiicientste'am generatingladjunctfto f fthe 'main boiler; "The f'furnace so larranfged Vmay be advantageously employed touserpulfloo verized coal, oil orgas as fuel, tojburn atrela ".tively high temperatures not pra'cticalifthe said furnacev tubes with secondary; circulating system-were omitted. f -f v -In Fig is1-sh0wn'a modifiedlformo'f thefl05 boiler and setting and similar Vrefere'rice characters A designate correspondingY parts'shown Yin Fig. l. The modified boiler comprises: a

`supported bottom drum l, a-suspendedffro'nt 1 drum .2, asupported top drum l3,7aisupp0rted .e110 'auxiliary top v'drumv 4,in the relation-:that the front drum 2 isforward ofvand above' theb'ottom drum 1,'thetop ldrum 3 backward Iofi'and top druml.v These drumsfare connectedrtby ffour" banks? offtubesihaving' the relati-n that thefirstbank v5` connectsthe .upper-right; hand (as-shown inFigJ) quadrantpfithe bottom e120" ldrum l uwith lower .left hand L. quadrant fof andthe lower rig-ht handquadrantof the top I.. Y drum 3, thereby providing ani ascendingbank j generally inclinedk slightly backward? from the l`vertical{lf-thefthirdy :bank 'i 7 :considerably 5'- longerthantheffirsaandfsecondbanksacon- Ae-130v nects-the lower left handquadrant ofthe top Edrum 3 with the upper left handquadrantof `thebottoin drum 1, thereby-proViding-a descending inclined bank; thepfourth bankg9V `.connects the upper right hand quadrant of j frontdruin 2 with bottom portion of drunrl, `thereby, providing an ascending bank of tubes eithervertical or approximately parallel to l.adjacentbank 6; a water` circulating pipe or pipeslll connecting` the flower portions (or water\spaces) of drums 3` and 4,:and steam circulating pipeslO connectingvthe upper porfia - bank 5 adjacent to drum 2 as indicated. The .l

c. tions (or steam spaces) of druins and 4. The first bank 5 is y preferably somewhat Alongerthan second bank 6, but theymay be the Same length Vor.,approximately so.` ,y In vthis -way a main circulatingsystem isclprovided that consists `of a bottom or. mud drum, a front or water drum, a top or main steam drum and a top auxiliarywater and steam drum. v

In this mo dification'the baffles 26 supported by tubes 8 are similar to those shown in Fig. 1 and there is introduced another baffle 28 to deflect the furnace gases across and over bank 16; also an optional baille 27 maybe placed on supporting frame for the modified boiler is similar to the arrangement described for boilershown `in Fig. 1, drum 4 being supported on beam Y ,-1 Y Referring to Eig. 3, the secondary circus lating 'system is `partially indicated by feed circulating tubes 23 from druinlwith furnace steam generating tubes 24 ascending into drum 1 and similar tubes 25 ascending to Y drum 2. This arrangement of the secondary `amount of heating surface obtainable for av circulating system suits furnace chamber designs for various fuelsor methods offiring. The maximum desirable length of water rtubes of any given size governs the maximum given ,number of suchv tubes in the boiler.

Inthej present case the longest tubes occurA in .the rear of bank 7,` and obviously, with' bank 6 slightly inclined backwardfrom the vertical, are advantageous in boilersof larger ;-;sizes,since it enables a relative increase in Athe lengths ofbanks 5 and 6.V

Where the ratio 'of tube heatingV surface to .water storage drums is relativelylarge per :section of boiler, as illustrated by the modivfied boiler, Fig. 3,it.is desirable to propori rtion the water and steam space at the top of 155 accomplished by providing v,the auxiliarythe boiler to suit.` This-increased capacity is vdrum 4 and connectingit lWithdrum 3 by circulating tubes 10 and 11.vv In high pressure designs especially, the Vtwo top vdrums are'more economical-inV cost .than` a single drum of equivalent volume and the two'arre` yWhile for the purpose of describing more easily .handled and4 erected. f- 1.

f venton the construction shown inltlie'draw-` ings has been describedwith particularity, it

thein-i4 is to be V'understood that theinvention is notlimited tothe precise constructionfillustrated,

`,sincevariousmodications may be made and Some of the parts omitted without departing from'the spiritof theJ invention, and the ap- :70 pended claimsa're intended to cover such va- 4riati'ons landmodiiications as fall within the Hterms of said claims.` Y v Y i i W hat is claimed is:

` 1. In a1 steam bL iler, the conibinationof g'5 mud, water and steamdrums, vbanks of tubes `connecting' said 4drums in a closed circuitfa plurality oflieaders exterior tothe furnace,

vtubing connecting the mud drum with each header, and a bank of tubes extending withjx11-30 -;in the furnace Vfrom each header directly to the waterwdrum. c Y

2. The combinationof a furnace, a boiler within the furnace, said boiler comprising mud, water and steam drums andbanks ofg5 tubesconnecting said drums ina closed circuit, two headers exterior to the furnace, piping connecting said headers, piping leading from the'inud drum to fone of said headers, fand banks of tubes extending from eachafio header into the furnace and directly connected tothe waterdrum..V

3. The combination of a furnace, fa boiler .within the furnace,rsaidboiler comprising mud, waterV and steam drumsand. banks offj5 ftubes connectingsaidvdrums in series, four headers exterior to the furnace one adjacent each of the four walls thereof,- piping connecting the `rear and the side V headers `with the iniicl'"'clrum, piping connecting the sidee headers with the front header, and banks of Vtubes leading from each .header-into the furthe. ,water drum intothe triangularnspace between said-.banks A of tubes land thence'to the 5. T-he coinbinationofa furnace front wallen@ having independently supported upper and` lower sectionsuprovided Vwith an expansion joint therebetween, with a suspended boiler ,drum bearing against theinner face of said lower wall section adjacent said joint. fiel-25 6.,'1`he combination of a furnace having a front Vwall dividedinto upper. and lower sections, a Vbottom,support for the upper section,

fna,.bottomsupportforfthe lower section, the top of saidlower sectionoverlapping the bot-e130 tom end of said upper section on the inside of the latter, and a suspended boiler drum bearing againstthe inner face of .said lower section adjacent said overlap 7. The combination of a. furnace having a front wallv divided into upper and lower sections, a bottom supportfor the upper section, a bottom support for the lower section, the top of said lower section forming an overlapping joint with the bottom of said upper section, a bearing plate on the interior of said lower wall section adjacent said joint, v`and a boiler drum bearing against said plate.l

8. A steam boiler comprising, mud, water and s'l'eam drums in series communication through interposed banks of tubes, said drums being in triangular arrangement'with the mud drum positioned to the rear and below the horizontal level of the water drum, and the steam drum in a plane above and to the rear of the water drum, the lower row of the bank of tubes connecting the steam and mud drums extending from said mud drum to a point approximately opposite the middle portion of the bank connecting the water'and steam drums and then parallel with said lastnamed bank to the steam drum, a baille supported by said lower rowV of tubes, a baliie extending transverseto and supportedby the bank of tubes between the water andsteam drums and in substantial alignment with said last named baile, arfo-ur'th drum above the water drum and in the same'horizontal planevr as the steam drum, piping connecting the lower parts of the steamV and fourthdrums, piping connecting the upper parts of said lastp named drums, vand abank of tubesbetween Athe water drum and said fourth drum.v a

9' The Combination 0f a, furnace, a* boiler."

.within the furnace, said boiler comprising mud, water and steam drums in a closed circuit, four headers below the. level of the mud drum and exterior to theV furnace one'adja cent each of the four walls thereof, piping leading from the upper half of the mud drum to the rear header and to the two side headers, piping connecting each side header with the fro-nt header, and a series of pipes leading from each header through the wall of the furnace and upward along the interior faceof the wall and to the water drum.

10. The combination of a furnace, a boiler within the furnace, said boiler comprising,

mud, water and steam drums, banks of tubes connecting said drums in a-closed triangular Y circuit,connected horizontal headers extending along the four walls of the furnacebel lowthe level of the mud drum, piping Aconnecting one of these headers with the` upper v r Vhalf of the mud drum, Iand four series of tubes, one from each header, extending verr Y r,water and steam drums, banks of tubes connecting said drums in a closed triangular circuit, the bankfconnecting the mud and water' drums extending across the re box, ay stack leading from the furnaceY adjacent the lower end of the tube bank connecting thev steam and mud drums, a saturated steam header and ay superheated` steam header exterior to the4 furnace chamber, superheating piping drum and between the superheater piping Y and the main portion of the tube bank leading from the steam drum to the mud drum, whereby the rtube banks are protected from stack moisture and the superheating pipingl and the tube bank between the mud and water drums are subjected to direct radiant heat. Y In testimony whereof` I have` signed `this specification.

I PAUL WRIGHT,

p tically along the inner face of the furnace u walls and thence tothe water drum,`whereby a secondary circulating system is'provided.1

1l. In a furnace, the combination ofmud,

iso Y

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