US1822086A - Relay system - Google Patents

Relay system Download PDF

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Publication number
US1822086A
US1822086A US135020A US13502026A US1822086A US 1822086 A US1822086 A US 1822086A US 135020 A US135020 A US 135020A US 13502026 A US13502026 A US 13502026A US 1822086 A US1822086 A US 1822086A
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United States
Prior art keywords
frequency
harmonic
relay system
incoming
signal
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US135020A
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English (en)
Inventor
Frank B Falknor
Thaddeus R Goldsborough
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Westinghouse Electric Corp
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Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL25007D priority Critical patent/NL25007C/xx
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US135020A priority patent/US1822086A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1822086A publication Critical patent/US1822086A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/30—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator
    • H03B5/32—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator being a piezoelectric resonator
    • H03B5/34—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element being electromechanical resonator being a piezoelectric resonator active element in amplifier being vacuum tube
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/14—Relay systems
    • H04B7/15—Active relay systems
    • H04B7/155—Ground-based stations
    • H04B7/15528—Control of operation parameters of a relay station to exploit the physical medium

Definitions

  • Our invention relates to the art of radio transmission and reception, and it has particular reference to what are now known as relay systems, in which the signals received from distant points are used to control the operation of a local transmitting station.y
  • Y t is accordingly an object of our invention to provide a relay system which will pass the signal on to the local radiation system ⁇ without the additional thereto of noises arising in the relay station circuits per se.
  • Another object is to provide a relay system which will be only slightly influenced by static disturbances.
  • Another object is to provide a relay systeni which will be substantially automatic in operation and which will re-radiate a wave of constant frequency.
  • Still another object is to provide a relay system which will re-radiate signals at the same frequency at which they are received, or at a frequency bearing an harmonic relation to the reception frequency.
  • a further object of our invention is to provide a relay system which may make use of piezo-electric means to control the frequency of the re-radiated signal.
  • a definite lower frequency which is preferably a sub-harmonic of the incoming carrier wave.
  • Vve employ the term subharmonic to indicate that the new frequency bears a definite ratio to the old, regardless of which is the higher, and regardless of whether the ratio is expressible as an integer.
  • the sub-harmonic frequency is amplified sufficiently to be transmitted from the local receiving station over land lines tol lthe local transmitting station,
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a preferred-form of our invention illustrating a complete receiving and re-transmitting station.
  • Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a preferred form of frequency changer.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a crystal ⁇ controlled harmonic generator.
  • a source 1 of incoming signals is coupled to an inductor 2, shunted by a condenser 3 which forms the input circuit of a vacuum-tube detector device 4.
  • the device 4 is provided with a grid 5, a filament 6 and an anode 7 and has connected to the filament a heating battery 8.
  • An oscillation generator 9 has an output coil 11 which is coupled to the inductor 2. Between theanode 7 and the filament 6 are connected serially an inductor 12 and an anode battery 13, the latter being shunted by a by-pass condenser k141. Serially incof another beat-frequency amplifier 23, which has an output inductor 24.
  • An inductor 25 is variably ⁇ coupled to the inductor 24 and forms the input of a frequency changer 26.
  • the output from this frequency changer 26 is led into a high-frequency amplifier 27 which has in its output an inductor 28, shuntcd by a variable condenser' 29.
  • Conductively connected to the output circuit 28-29 is a choke 31 from which a conductor extends to the transmitting antenna 32.
  • Fig. 2 shows diagrammatically the circuits and apparatus which may be employed in connection with the frequency changer 26 of Fig. 1.
  • the output inductor 24 is coupled to an inductor 25, shuntcd by a variable condenser 33.
  • the circuit 25 33 is connected between the grid 34 and the filament 35 of a thermionic device 36.
  • the device 36 is provided with an anode 37, and an inductor 38 and a high-potential battery 39 are connected between the anode and the filament 35.
  • the thermionic device 36 is further provided with a grid-biasing battery 41.
  • a piezo-electric crystal 42 is electrostatically associated with the output inductor 38.
  • a second thermionic device 43 is provided with a grid 44, a fiiament 45 and an anode 46. Connected between the grid 44 and the filament 45 is a choke 47. The input circuit of the device 43 is also electro-statically associated. with the crystal 42. Connected between the anode 46 and the filament 45 are an inductor 48 shunted by a condenser 49, and an anodebattery 51. The filament of the thermionic device 43 is heated by means of filament heating battery 52.
  • Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a preferred form of the oscillation generator indicated by rectangle 9 in Fig. 1.
  • the oscillation generator comprises a plurality of thermionic devices 60, 61 and 62.
  • the input circuit of the first device comprises a piezo-electric crystal 63, a choke 64 and a biasing battery 65.
  • the output circuit of the device comprises an inductor 66 and a variable condenser 67.
  • Coupled to the output inductor 66 is the input circuit of the second thermionic device 61, which input circuit comprises a choke 68 andl abiasing battery 69.
  • the device 61 is provided with an output circuit comprising an inductor k70 and a variable condenser 71, and this output circuit is, in turn, coupled to the input circuit of the device 62, which comprises a choke 72 and a grid biasing ⁇ battery 73.
  • the output circuit of the device 62 is coupled to an oscillating circuit comprising inductor 74 and condenser 75.
  • each successive output circuit is tuned to a higher harmonic than the output circuit of the tube preceding it.
  • the first thermionic device 6() may have shunted across its input a crystal which is naturally resonant at 1,000 kilocycles and in that case the output circuit 66-67 would be tuned to 1,000 kilocycles, but, due to the inherent characteristics of the oscillating crystal circuit, many of the higher harmonics would also be present. If, in such event, the output circuit 70-71 of the next thermionic device 61 is tuned to 2,000 kilocycles, that frequency will be very markedly present therein.
  • the output circuit 74--7 5 of the thermionic device 62 may be tuned to 4,000 kilocycles and this latter frequency may be used as a source for heterodyning.
  • the operation and means involved in this type of crystal-controlled harmonic generator are very fully described in the copending application referred to and need not be more specifically described at this point.
  • the incoming signal is first heterodyned by the local oscillation generator to a definite lower frequency.
  • this lower frequency is a sub-harmonic of the incoming signal.
  • the beat frequency produced by the first detector will carry the signal-frequency modulations.
  • this beat frequency is passed through a plurality of tuned transformer stages and is then demodulated in a second detector device.
  • the amplied beat frequency is then impressed upon the input circuit of a frequency changer which is so arranged that its output frequency will be a definite harmonic of the beat frequency and will preferably be the frequency at which the signals were first received.
  • the frequency changer may take the form shown in patent to Alexanderson 1,174,793, or may be constructed in a manner analogous to the disclosure of Kendall in patent No. 1,446,752.
  • the piezo-crystal will be so chosen as te have a frequency of 30,300 cycles per second, Which frequency is multiplied by the harmonic generator to a frequency of 3,030,000 cycles per second.
  • This frequency of 3,030,- 000 reacting With the incoming signal of 3,000,000 cycles Willgive a beat frequency of 30,000 cycles, which isrectified by the first detector and passed into the beat frequency amplifier.
  • the frequency changer kshown as rectangle 26 in Fig. l is so adjusted that its final output Will be a harmonic at 3,000,000 cycles per second. It is thus seen that the incoming signal is first stepped down to a definite harmonic lower frequency Which maybe efficiently transmitted over land lines and. is then changed back to the original frequency for re-transmission by making use of harmonics.
  • the form of frequency changer shovvn in Fig. 2 Will be new described.
  • the intermediate frequency is applied to the input circuit of a thermionic device which is tuned to that frequency.
  • an induetor shunted by a condenser,ithe dielectric of which is a piezo-electric crystal.
  • Vhen voltages at the fundamental frel quency of the crystal are set up across the crystal by reason of its connection in the output circuit of the first thermionic device, it will vibrate physically at a variety of harmonic frequencies as Well as at the fundamental frequency, its physical vibrations being accompanied by electric potentiall changes.
  • the desired harmonie is impressed on the Vinput circuit of another thermionic device through a second condenser, the dielectric of which is formed by a portion of the same piezo-electric crystal.
  • the output circuit of the second thermionic device is tuned to the desired harmonic and may be coupled directly to the input circuit of a high frequency amplifier, or may be passed through a plurality of stages until any desired harmonic is obtained.
  • the crystal may be so cut and arranged that one portion thereof may be quite thick While another portion may have much smaller dimensions enabling it to vibrate at a much higher frequency than the thicker portion.
  • We may also use a second and smaller crystal physically distinct from the main crystal but mechanically coupled thereto by Y an imbedded rod or other means.
  • F be the incoming frequency, F1 the oscillation generator frequency, and F2 the beat frequency.
  • the frequency changer is so arranged, as before-explained, that its output is a definite multiple of the beat frequency input thereto. Consequently, if F2 is the beat frequency, and 100 the factor by Which the frequency changer multiples the beat frequency,
  • the device for producing a local frequency controlled by the incoming signal may take the form of an alternator, the speed of rotation of which is controlled by the incoming frequency. Since the number of poles is a constant, and the rotation is made to vary With the incoming frequency, the output of the alternator may thus be made to have the desired frequency ratioV to the incoming frequency.
  • a relay system constructed according to our invention has very many advantages.
  • the frequency radiated may be kept substantially the same as the incoming frequency With but very little attention.
  • the oscillation generator used for local heterodyning must of course be carefully set to the exact frequency desired but when this is done, the re-radiation4 of the same frequency as that received follows automatically.
  • means for receiving signals at radio frequency means for changing said signals to a lower super-audible frequency, and means comprising a frequency changer for raising said super-audible frequency to a radio-frequency for retransmission.
  • means for receiving signals at radio frequency means for deriving a super-audible frequency from said radio-frequency that bears a harmonic relation thereto, and means for deriving a radiofrequency from said super-audible frequency that bears a harmonic relation thereto.
  • radiant energy receiving means radiant energy transmitting means controlled thereby, means interposed therebetween whereby the frequency of incoming signals may be changed to a subharmonic of said frequency before being used to control the transmitting means, and means adjacent said transmitting means for deriving a radiation frequency from said sub-harmonic.
  • radio-frequency sig- ⁇ nal receiving means signal transmitting means adapted to be controlled thereby, means interposed therebetween for producing a sub-harmonic of the signal frequency
  • a radio relay system means for receiving signals at radio frequencies, transmitting means controlled thereby, and means interposed therebetween for producing from the incoming signal a sub-harmonic thereof and for raising the frequency of said subharmonic to a radio frequency suitable for re-radiation.
  • means for receiving signal frequencies means for deriving sub-harmonic frequencies therefrom, means directly controlled by said sub-harmonic frequencies, for producing the original frequencies, and signal radiating means controlled thereby.
  • radio-frequency signal receiving means radio-frequency signal receiving means, heterodyne means for deriving a beat frequency from the received signal, means for deriving a harmonic of said beat frequency, and means for radiating said harmonic.
  • heterodyne means for deriving a beat frequency from received siGnals, means for deriving a harmonic of said beat frequency, and means for re-radiating said harmonic.
  • a radio relay system comprising a plurality of stages adapted to amplify at different frequencies, piezo-electric means interposed between successive stages for impressing on the following stage a harmonic of the frequency to which the preceding stage is tuned.
  • a radio relay system a plurality of amplifying stages tuned to differing super-audible frequencies, and frequency changing means comprising a piezo-electric crystal serving as a coupling device between certain of said stages.
  • the method of relaying signals of substantially radio frequency comprising the steps of changing said signals to signals of a frequency bearing the relationship of a sub-harmonic of the initial frequency, amplifying said signals of the sub-harmonic frequency and subsequently restoring said signals to their initial radio-frequency condition.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
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US135020A 1926-09-13 1926-09-13 Relay system Expired - Lifetime US1822086A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL25007D NL25007C (enrdf_load_html_response) 1926-09-13
US135020A US1822086A (en) 1926-09-13 1926-09-13 Relay system

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2419135A (en) * 1942-08-20 1947-04-15 Rca Corp Ultra high frequency amplifying system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2419135A (en) * 1942-08-20 1947-04-15 Rca Corp Ultra high frequency amplifying system

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