US1821402A - Antenna - Google Patents

Antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
US1821402A
US1821402A US231804A US23180427A US1821402A US 1821402 A US1821402 A US 1821402A US 231804 A US231804 A US 231804A US 23180427 A US23180427 A US 23180427A US 1821402 A US1821402 A US 1821402A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
feeder members
antenna
wave
pickup
members
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US231804A
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English (en)
Inventor
Harold O Peterson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RCA Corp
Original Assignee
RCA Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US231804A priority Critical patent/US1821402A/en
Priority to FR648548D priority patent/FR648548A/fr
Priority to DER76204D priority patent/DE603626C/de
Priority to GB32671/28A priority patent/GB300211A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1821402A publication Critical patent/US1821402A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H01Q21/12—Parallel arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units

Definitions

  • This invention relates to antenna for the reception of radiant energy, and more par-- ticularly to directive antennae for the reception-of signals transmitted on very short waves.
  • a favored type of directive receiving antenna is the wave antenna invented by H. H. Beverage, but'the ordinary vwave antenna is not suitable for the reception of short wave energy. l'he difliculty seems to be that the great reduction in the horizontal len th of the antenna at short wave lengths, ma es the horizontal length become comparable with. the vertical height above ground, as a result of which the ordinary nondirectional antenna efl'ect becomes comparable with the directive or cumulative antenna efiect, and thereby greatly distorts the directive characteristics of the antenna.
  • the energy in the transverse pickup units is a plied to the feeder members at phase do is one disp acements approximating those of the order that the energy wave travelling in space, and therefore in Y shall add cumulatively in proper phase, it 1s necessary that the velocity on the feeder members be substantially equal to that of the wave in space.
  • An ordi-. nary transmission line will transfer energy at a velocity very closely approximating that of a wave in space, but the addition of distributed transverse impedance to such a line will cause it to have a lower velocity.
  • the transverse pickup units if tuned, load the linens resistances of relatively small value,
  • amping im edance is equal to the surge impedance of tii'e transmission line as loaded by the pickup-devices.
  • the surge resistance at the end of the feeder members fairly effectively prevents pickup of signals coming from a direction opposite to that desired, but back end residuals will nevertheless occur, just as in the case of a equal to that of long wave wave antenna.
  • To obviate these I use a plurality of antennae located in broadside and displaced an odd. number of quarter wave lengths, relative to the wave front of the approaching wave, so that the resulting phase opposition caused by' unsymmetrical coupling neutralizes the undesired signals, as will be explained in more detail later.
  • a still further object of my invention is to increase the sharpness of directivity of such an antenna system, which I do by employing a plurality of end-on antennae, or of staggered pairs of antennae, such as have already been described, positioned relatively in broadside, and coupled together by symmetrically branched transmission lines.
  • WhlCh Figure 1 represents an antenna embodying my invention in a simple form
  • Figure 2 is a curve showin the effect of the length of a transversal on 1ts impedance
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the use of coupling condensers
  • Figure 4 illustrates the use of coupling resistances
  • Figure 5 is a modification in which the pickup means are connected in series, rather than in parallel;
  • Fi ure.6 shows loop antennae instead of simp e transverse wires for the ickup means.
  • Figure 7 shows a staggered pair of antennae
  • V Figure 8 shows a broadside combination of staggered pairs of antennae.
  • each transverse wire is substantially less than a half wave length.
  • the feeder members need be only approximately a wave in length and a good directive pattern will be obtained. But a length of two or three waves adds to the dire'ctivity and the pickup, and therefore is preferable. However, this leads to the necessity for high er line velocities, for while avelocity of about percent, relative to light, is sufiicient when the feeder members are only one wave long, velocities of about to percent are respectively needed for antennae, three to six waves long, if,the energies of the pickup wires atthe remote end of the antenna are to add, rather than oppose, the line energy.
  • the end towards the transmitter is closed by a resistance 8, equal to the surge impedance of the feeder members, considered as a loaded transmission line, while the end remote from the transmitter is coupled to a suitable receiver 10.
  • Figure 4 is simi ar to Figure 3 except that in place of the coupling condensers 12 there have been used couplin resistances 14.
  • the pickup means are simple transverse wires, but the same principle,.namely, the limiting or reduction of the effect of the individual pickup means on the velocity characteristics of the feeder members, may equally well be applied to other types of plckup means, exemplified by the loop antenna: 18 in Figure 5. These are loosely coupled to the feeder-members 2 and 4 through small couplingcondensers 12.
  • Figure 8 is a broadside array of staggered pairs of antennae. Ihe pair 30-and the pair 32 are each arranged as was the staggered pair in Figure 7 and their outputs are combined in phase by a symmetrically branched system of transmission lines comprising the lines 34, 36 and 38, the latter of which leads to a receiver 10.
  • a directive receiving antenna for short waves comprising a pair of feeder members and ,a plurality of transverse pickup wires coupled to the feeder members, said pickup wires being substantially smaller than a half wave in length in order to detune them and to limit their effect on the velocity of energy transfer on the feeder members.
  • a directive receiving antenna for short waves comprising a pair of relatively closely spaced feeder members and a plurality of transverse pickup wires externally coupled to the feeder members, said pickup wires being substantially smaller. than a half wave in length in order to detune them and to limit their effect on the velocity of energy transfer on the feeder members.
  • a directive receiving antenna for short waves comprising a pair of relatively closely spaced feeder members'extending in the direction of desired reception and a plurality of transverse pickup wires externally coupled 'to the feeder members, said pickup wires being substantially smaller than a half wave in length in order to detune them and to limit their effect on the velocity of energy transfer on the feeder members.
  • a directive receiving antenna for short waves comprising 'a pair of relatively closely spaced feeder members extending in the direction of desired reception, aplurality of.
  • transverse pickup means arranged externally of the feeder members, and relatively high iinpedances loosely coupling the pickup wires to the feeder members in order to limit the effect of the impedance of the pickup means on the velocity of energy transfer on the feeder members.
  • a directive receiving antenna for short waves comprising a pair of relatively closely spaced feeder members extending in the direction of desired reception, a plurality of transverse pickup means arranged externally of the feeder members, and small condensers coupling the pickup means to the feeder members in order to limit the effect of the impedance of the pickup means on the velocity of energy transfer on the feeder members.
  • a directive receiving antenna for short waves comprising a pair of relatively closely spaced feeder members extending in the direction of desired reception, a plurality of transverse pickup means externally coupled to the feeder members, and a resistance positioned relative to the feeder members, a
  • a directive receiving antenna for short waves comprising a plurality of pairs of relatively closely spaced feeder members each extending in the direction of desired reception and located relatively in broadside, a plurality of transverse pickup means externally coupled to the feeder members, said fpickup means being detuned to limit their effect on the velocity of energy transfer on the feeder members and a transmission line system interconnecting the feeder members in proper relation to combine their energies cophasially.
  • a unilaterally directive receiving antenna for the reception of short waves comprising a pair of relatively closely spaced feeder members each extending in the direction of desired reception and located relatively cosely in broadside but staggered an odd number of quarter wave lengths relative ill to the Wave front of an approaching wave, a plurality of transverse pickup means externally coupled to the feeder members, and means for combining the energies of the feeder members cophasially with respect to energy approaching from the desired direction, whereby reflected energy pickup from energy travelling in the opposite direction is combined in phase opposition.
  • a unilaterally directivereceiving antenna for the reception of short waves comprising a pair of relatively closely spaced feeder members each extending in the direction of desired reception and located relatively in broadside but staggered a quarter wave length relative to the Wave front of an approaching wave, a plurality of transverse pickup means externally coupled to the feeder members, a collecting transmission line connecting the ends of the feeder members remote from the desired transmission station, a receiver, and a transmission line unsymmetrically coupling the receiver to the collecting transmission line in. order to introduce a quarter wave change in phase.
  • a unilaterally directive receiving antenna for the reception ofshort Waves comprising a plurality of staggered pairs of antennae located in broadside, each pair of antennae comprising a plurality of pairs of relatively closel spaced feeder members extending in the direction of desired reception, and located relatively in broadside but staggered an odd number of quarter wave lengths relative to the wave front of an approaching wave, a plurality of transverse pickup means externally coupled to the feeder members, means for combining the energies of the feeder members in each pair of antennae co-- phasially with respect to energy coming from the desired direction, whereby reflected energy pickup from energy travelling in the opposite direction is neutralized, and means for combining the energies from all of the pairs of antennae in proper .phase for utilization in a receiver.
  • An extensive antenna system for receiving electroma netic Waves comprising closely spaced, su stantially linear feeder members and transverse pick-up conductors symmetrically coupled thereto through series resistances.
  • a directive receivingantenna for short waves comprising a pair of relatively closely spaced 7 conductors linear and continuously conductive throughout their length forming a transmission line extending in the direction of desired reception, a plurality of linear pick-up elements externally coupled to one of said conductors, all of the said pick-up elements being parallel and lying in one plane, another plurality of linear pick-up elements parallel to each other lying in the same plane as said first mentioned plurality of elements, coupled to the otherconductor of said line, and, an impedance, equal to the surge impedance of the system connected across the end of the transmission'line nearer the desired transmission station.
  • a receiving system as defined in claim 16 characterized by the additional feature that each of the pick-up elements is coupled to its linear conductor through a series impedance.
  • An extensive antenna system for receiving electromagnetic waves comprising closely spaced, substantially linear feeder members and a plurality of pick-up conductors transversely, externally and symmetrically coupled thereto through series resistances.
  • An extensive antenna receiving system comprising feeder members and a plurality of conductive pick-up elements transversely and externally coupled thereto through series limiting impedances.

Landscapes

  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US231804A 1927-11-08 1927-11-08 Antenna Expired - Lifetime US1821402A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US231804A US1821402A (en) 1927-11-08 1927-11-08 Antenna
FR648548D FR648548A (fr) 1927-11-08 1928-02-08 Perfectionnements aux systèmes pour la réception d'énergie radiante
DER76204D DE603626C (de) 1927-11-08 1928-11-08 Laengsempfangsantenne
GB32671/28A GB300211A (en) 1927-11-08 1928-11-08 Improvements in or relating to aerial systems

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US231804A US1821402A (en) 1927-11-08 1927-11-08 Antenna

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1821402A true US1821402A (en) 1931-09-01

Family

ID=22870701

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US231804A Expired - Lifetime US1821402A (en) 1927-11-08 1927-11-08 Antenna

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US1821402A (fr)
DE (1) DE603626C (fr)
FR (1) FR648548A (fr)
GB (1) GB300211A (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2425887A (en) * 1942-09-30 1947-08-19 Rca Corp End fire directive antenna
US3434145A (en) * 1966-08-01 1969-03-18 S & A Electronics Inc Double loop antenna array with loops perpendicularly and symmetrically arranged with respect to feed lines
EP2332214B1 (fr) * 2008-09-11 2020-05-06 Wistron Neweb Corporation Antenne rfid à ligne d' alimentation double allongée et à perturbations rayonnantes distribuées

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2425887A (en) * 1942-09-30 1947-08-19 Rca Corp End fire directive antenna
US3434145A (en) * 1966-08-01 1969-03-18 S & A Electronics Inc Double loop antenna array with loops perpendicularly and symmetrically arranged with respect to feed lines
EP2332214B1 (fr) * 2008-09-11 2020-05-06 Wistron Neweb Corporation Antenne rfid à ligne d' alimentation double allongée et à perturbations rayonnantes distribuées

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE603626C (de) 1934-10-05
GB300211A (en) 1929-05-16
FR648548A (fr) 1928-12-11

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