US1819864A - Elastic fluid turbine - Google Patents

Elastic fluid turbine Download PDF

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Publication number
US1819864A
US1819864A US438311A US43831130A US1819864A US 1819864 A US1819864 A US 1819864A US 438311 A US438311 A US 438311A US 43831130 A US43831130 A US 43831130A US 1819864 A US1819864 A US 1819864A
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fluid
leakage
elastic fluid
skirt
passage
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US438311A
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David J Bloomberg
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/08—Heating, heat-insulating or cooling means
    • F01D5/081—Cooling fluid being directed on the side of the rotor disc or at the roots of the blades

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  • My invention relates to elastic fluid turbines and more particularly to elastic fluid turbines of the impulse type, which comprise 'a series of nozzle diaphragms which divide the turbine into stages and bucket wheels 1 carried by the turbine shaft and located in the successive stages.
  • the nozzles serve to direct the elastic fluid to the buckets of the successiveelastic fluid, such as that which; leaks through the shaft packings, finds its way into the spaces between the diaphragms and the webs 1 of the wheels, which leakage elastic fluid flows radially outward toward the main stream of elastic fluid passing through the nozzles and buckets.
  • the velocity at which the leakage fluid strikes the main fluid flow is increased over its ordinary velocity by frictional contact with the fast moving bucket carrying wheel and, if permitted to flow directly into the main elastic fluid stream,
  • the object of the present invention is to reduce to a minimum, or prevent altogether, losses due to the leakage elastic fluid imping- .30 ing with the main stream and at the same time provide means whereby the leakage fluid is fed into the main stream on the discharge side of the buckets so as to take advantage of the energy stored in the leakage fluid.
  • working passages are shielded from all deleterious cross currents, and means are provided whereby the leakage elastic fluid is introduced into the working'passage in a path substantially parallel to that of the main fluid flow so that no disturbances in the fluid flow will arise.
  • skirts I prefer to shield the working passage by forming integral with the bucket bases, skirts on the inlet and outlet sides.
  • skirts I means projections formed integral with the bucket bases.
  • the leakage fluid may flow from the inlet side tothe outlet side of the buckets.
  • Cooperating with the skirts on the outlet side of the bucket is the adjacent diaphragm which is curved so as to. “permit "the easyentrance of the leakage'fluid'into the working passage.
  • FIG. 1 is a section of a part of the turbine embodying .my invention
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a single'turbine bucket showing a groove'cut in its edge just below the skirts
  • Fig. 3 is a detail-view of a modification.
  • a bucket carrying wheel is shown at 5, supportingbuckets 6 between the diaphragms 7 and 11, the dia phragm nozzle partitions being indicated at 7 and 11*. Protection of the working passage is aiforded by means of skirts 8 and 9 formed integral with the bucket bases,-the skirt 8 being on the inlet side and the skirt 9 beingon the outlet siden
  • the working passage I mean the passage wherein the fluid reacts on the curved working portions of thebuckets.
  • the diaphragms 7 and 11 are secured to casing member'13 andat' the lower ends of the diaphragms 'a usual form of shaft packing is shown at l l'and '15, and balancing holes for the wheel are shown at 16'. .A. certain amount of elastic fluid will escape and flow into the space between the diaphragms.
  • passages 10, or suitable ventilating openings are provided below the skirts.
  • the outwardly travelling leakage elastic fluid is thus directed by the skirt 8 into the passages 10 and through the passages to the outlet side.
  • the easy entrance of the leakage elastic fluid into the working passage is obtained by slightly rounding the entrance edge of diaphragm 11 as is shown at 12.
  • the rounded edge of diaphragm 11 cooperates with the skirt 9 so that the leakage elastic fluid may enter the main stream substantially parallel thereto as illustrated.
  • Fig. 3 the skirt is shown in the form of a strip 18 set in a groove in the diaphragm and serving to deflect the leakage elastic: fluid to passages 19 which correspond to the passages 10 in Figs; 1 and 2. Otherwise, the-structure may be the same as that shown in Figs. 1 and 2. However, in Fig. 3, a skirt corresponding to skirt 9 has been omitted as such a skirt may or may not be used as found desirable.
  • the turbine wheel 20 is shown as being formed integral with the shaft 21 and the wheel is not provided with balancing holes.
  • My invention has special'utility in connection with a construction of this type, because with such a construction all the leakage steam must find its way from stage to stage by passing around the peripheral portion of the wheel since, due to the absence of balancing holes, none can escape through such holes.
  • the damaging cross currents may not cause disturbance in the working passage and at the same time all leakage elastic fluid reenters the main fluid flow on the outlet side of'eachrow of buckets.
  • the leakage elastic fluid enters the mainstream substantially parallel to its line of flow and disturbances that occur are negligible.
  • an elastic fluid turbine having alternate rows of stationary and movable fluid directing elements providing a working passage for the fluid, skirts formed integral with said elements to substantially shield the working passage from cross currents, means comprising ventilating openings whereby leakage fluid may flow from the inlet side of said movable fluid directing elements to the outlet side, and means permitting the leakage fluid to reenter the working passage substantially parallel thereto.
  • a structure comprising a diaphragm and a rotor having a row of buckets, said buckets having bases attached to the rotor and provided with passages, means torming a part of said structure for directing leakage elastic fluid to said passages, and means forming part of said structure permitting the leakage elastic fluid to reenter the working passage substantially parallel thereto.
  • an elastic fluid turbine having stationary and movable fluid directing members providing a working passage for the elastic fluid, a skirt on one of said members proje'cting therefrom in a direction substantially parallel to the flow of the elastic fluid in the working passage, the free end of the skirt being in proximity to the adjacent side of the other member, a ventilating passage in the movable member adjacent said skirt, said skirt preventing leakage fluid from entering said working passage and directing it into the ventilating passage, and means at the outlet side of the ventilating passage for directing the leakage fluid into the working passage in a direction substantially parallel thereto.
  • an elastic fluidturbine having stationary and movable fluid directing members providing a working passage for the elastic fluid, a skirt provided on one of said members and projecting therefrom in a direction substantially parallel to the flow of the elastic fluid' in the working passage, the free end ofthe skirt, being in proximity to the adjacent side of the other member, a ventilat ing passage in the movable member adjacent said skirt, said skirt preventing the flow of leakage fluid into the working passage and directing it into the ventilating passage, and means provided on said movable member at theoutlet side of the ventilating passage for directing-the leakage fluid intothe working passages in a direction substantially parallel thereto. 7
  • an elastic fluid turbine having stationary and movable fluid directing members providing a working passage for the elastic fluid, a skirt on one of said members projecting therefrom in a direction substantially parallel to the flow of the elastic fluid in the working passage, the free end of said skirt being in proximityto the adjacent side of the other member, a ventilating passage in the movable member, said skirt preventing the flow of leakage fluid into the working passage and directing it into the ventilating passage, and means provided onsaid movable member at the outlet side of the ventilating passage for directing the leakage fluid into the working passage in a direction substantially parallel thereto, said means comprising a skirt projecting from the movable member and provided with a face inclined in the direction of the flow of 5 the elastic fluid in the Working passage.

Description

1931- D. J. BLOOMBERG 1,819,864
ELASTIC FLUID TURBINE Filed March 24, 19:50
Inventor: David Bloonwbel g,
@MY/UITMZ/ His Attorne 10 sive stages. 7 p
In the operatlon of such turbines, leakage passage.
Patented Aug. 18, 1931 v UNITED STATS PATENT OFFICE DAVID J'. BLOOMBERG, OF CHELSEA, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR T GENERAL ELEC- TRIC COMPANY, A COB-PORATION OF NEW YORK ELASTIC FLUID remains Application filed March 24, 1930. SerialNo. 438,311,
My invention relates to elastic fluid turbines and more particularly to elastic fluid turbines of the impulse type, which comprise 'a series of nozzle diaphragms which divide the turbine into stages and bucket wheels 1 carried by the turbine shaft and located in the successive stages. In such turbines, as is well understood, thenozzles serve to direct the elastic fluid to the buckets of the succeselastic fluid, such as that which; leaks through the shaft packings, finds its way into the spaces between the diaphragms and the webs 1 of the wheels, which leakage elastic fluid flows radially outward toward the main stream of elastic fluid passing through the nozzles and buckets. The velocity at which the leakage fluid strikes the main fluid flow is increased over its ordinary velocity by frictional contact with the fast moving bucket carrying wheel and, if permitted to flow directly into the main elastic fluid stream,
causes disturbances and cross currents,"thus gending to decrease the efficiency of the turine.
The object of the present invention is to reduce to a minimum, or prevent altogether, losses due to the leakage elastic fluid imping- .30 ing with the main stream and at the same time provide means whereby the leakage fluid is fed into the main stream on the discharge side of the buckets so as to take advantage of the energy stored in the leakage fluid.
working passages are shielded from all deleterious cross currents, and means are provided whereby the leakage elastic fluid is introduced into the working'passage in a path substantially parallel to that of the main fluid flow so that no disturbances in the fluid flow will arise.
I prefer to shield the working passage by forming integral with the bucket bases, skirts on the inlet and outlet sides. By skirts, I means projections formed integral with the bucket bases. These skirts, cooperating with adjacent diaphragms, prevent cross currents from entering the working Just belowthe skirt means are In accordance with my invention, the
provided so that the leakage fluid may flow from the inlet side tothe outlet side of the buckets. I prefer to cut grooves in the edges of the bucket bases to form this passageway, although 'it may be formed in otherways. Cooperating with the skirts on the outlet side of the bucket is the adjacent diaphragm which is curved so as to. "permit "the easyentrance of the leakage'fluid'into the working passage.
For a more detailed description of my invention'reference may be had to the drawings in which Fig. 1 is a section of a part of the turbine embodying .my invention; Fig. 2 is a perspective view of a single'turbine bucket showing a groove'cut in its edge just below the skirts; and Fig. 3 is a detail-view of a modification.
- Referring to the drawings, a bucket carrying wheel is shown at 5, supportingbuckets 6 between the diaphragms 7 and 11, the dia phragm nozzle partitions being indicated at 7 and 11*. Protection of the working passage is aiforded by means of skirts 8 and 9 formed integral with the bucket bases,-the skirt 8 being on the inlet side and the skirt 9 beingon the outlet siden Bythe working passage, I mean the passage wherein the fluid reacts on the curved working portions of thebuckets.
The diaphragms 7 and 11 are secured to casing member'13 andat' the lower ends of the diaphragms 'a usual form of shaft packing is shown at l l'and '15, and balancing holes for the wheel are shown at 16'. .A. certain amount of elastic fluid will escape and flow into the space between the diaphragms. The pressure of the entering leakage fluid and the pumping actionbetween the elastic fluid and the wheel 5' travelling at a high rate of speed, causes the leakage elastic fluid invention. Inorder to permit the leakage elastic fluid to flow from the inlet side to the outlet side, passages 10, or suitable ventilating openings are provided below the skirts. The outwardly travelling leakage elastic fluid is thus directed by the skirt 8 into the passages 10 and through the passages to the outlet side. The easy entrance of the leakage elastic fluid into the working passage is obtained by slightly rounding the entrance edge of diaphragm 11 as is shown at 12. The rounded edge of diaphragm 11 cooperates with the skirt 9 so that the leakage elastic fluid may enter the main stream substantially parallel thereto as illustrated.
Instead of forming the skirt 8 as a part of the bucket structure, I may form it as a part of the diaphragm structure, and this arrangement I have illustrated in Fig; 3, wherein the skirt is shown in the form of a strip 18 set in a groove in the diaphragm and serving to deflect the leakage elastic: fluid to passages 19 which correspond to the passages 10 in Figs; 1 and 2. Otherwise, the-structure may be the same as that shown in Figs. 1 and 2. However, in Fig. 3, a skirt corresponding to skirt 9 has been omitted as such a skirt may or may not be used as found desirable. In Fig. 3, the turbine wheel 20 is shown as being formed integral with the shaft 21 and the wheel is not provided with balancing holes. My invention has special'utility in connection with a construction of this type, because with such a construction all the leakage steam must find its way from stage to stage by passing around the peripheral portion of the wheel since, due to the absence of balancing holes, none can escape through such holes.
By my invention the damaging cross currents may not cause disturbance in the working passage and at the same time all leakage elastic fluid reenters the main fluid flow on the outlet side of'eachrow of buckets. The leakage elastic fluid enters the mainstream substantially parallel to its line of flow and disturbances that occur are negligible.
While I have described the particular embodiment of my invention and certain apparatus for carrying it into eflect it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that many modifications may be made without departing from my invention and I therefore aim in the appended claims to cover all such modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of my invention,
What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. In an elastic fluid turbine having alternate rows of stationary and movable fluid directing elements providing a working passage for the fluid, skirts formed integral with said elements to substantially shield the working passage from cross currents, means comprising ventilating openings whereby leakage fluid may flow from the inlet side of said movable fluid directing elements to the outlet side, and means permitting the leakage fluid to reenter the working passage substantially parallel thereto.
2. In an elastic fluid turbine, a structure comprising a diaphragm and a rotor having a row of buckets, said buckets having bases attached to the rotor and provided with passages, means torming a part of said structure for directing leakage elastic fluid to said passages, and means forming part of said structure permitting the leakage elastic fluid to reenter the working passage substantially parallel thereto.
3.- In an elastic fluid turbine having stationary and movable fluid directing members providing a working passage for the elastic fluid, a skirt on one of said members proje'cting therefrom in a direction substantially parallel to the flow of the elastic fluid in the working passage, the free end of the skirt being in proximity to the adjacent side of the other member, a ventilating passage in the movable member adjacent said skirt, said skirt preventing leakage fluid from entering said working passage and directing it into the ventilating passage, and means at the outlet side of the ventilating passage for directing the leakage fluid into the working passage in a direction substantially parallel thereto.
4. In an elastic fluidturbine having stationary and movable fluid directing members providing a working passage for the elastic fluid, a skirt provided on one of said members and projecting therefrom in a direction substantially parallel to the flow of the elastic fluid' in the working passage, the free end ofthe skirt, being in proximity to the adjacent side of the other member, a ventilat ing passage in the movable member adjacent said skirt, said skirt preventing the flow of leakage fluid into the working passage and directing it into the ventilating passage, and means provided on said movable member at theoutlet side of the ventilating passage for directing-the leakage fluid intothe working passages in a direction substantially parallel thereto. 7
5. In, an elastic fluid turbine having stationary and movable fluid directing members providing a working passage for the elastic fluid, a skirt on one of said members projecting therefrom in a direction substantially parallel to the flow of the elastic fluid in the working passage, the free end of said skirt being in proximityto the adjacent side of the other member, a ventilating passage in the movable member, said skirt preventing the flow of leakage fluid into the working passage and directing it into the ventilating passage, and means provided onsaid movable member at the outlet side of the ventilating passage for directing the leakage fluid into the working passage in a direction substantially parallel thereto, said means comprising a skirt projecting from the movable member and provided with a face inclined in the direction of the flow of 5 the elastic fluid in the Working passage.
In Witness my hand this whereof, I have hereunto set 21st day of March, 1930. DAVID J. BLOOMBERG.
US438311A 1930-03-24 1930-03-24 Elastic fluid turbine Expired - Lifetime US1819864A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2440069A (en) * 1944-08-26 1948-04-20 Gen Electric High-temperature elastic fluid turbine
DE756278C (en) * 1937-11-22 1954-03-22 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Gas turbine
US2915279A (en) * 1953-07-06 1959-12-01 Napier & Son Ltd Cooling of turbine blades
US3291447A (en) * 1965-02-15 1966-12-13 Gen Electric Steam turbine rotor cooling
US4046388A (en) * 1976-03-09 1977-09-06 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Seal arrangement utilizing deflector seals of reduced radial dimension
EP0313826A1 (en) * 1987-10-30 1989-05-03 BBC Brown Boveri AG Axial gas turbine
US6428270B1 (en) * 2000-09-15 2002-08-06 General Electric Company Stage 3 bucket shank bypass holes and related method
US6481959B1 (en) 2001-04-26 2002-11-19 Honeywell International, Inc. Gas turbine disk cavity ingestion inhibitor
US20090067997A1 (en) * 2007-03-05 2009-03-12 Wu Charles C Gas turbine engine with canted pocket and canted knife edge seal
US20090180871A1 (en) * 2008-01-10 2009-07-16 General Electric Company Methods for plugging turbine wheel holes
US20120308360A1 (en) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-06 General Electric Company Overlap seal for turbine nozzle assembly
US20130170960A1 (en) * 2012-01-04 2013-07-04 General Electric Company Turbine assembly and method for reducing fluid flow between turbine components
US20180149022A1 (en) * 2016-11-30 2018-05-31 General Electric Company Guide vane assembly for a rotary machine and methods of assembling the same

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE756278C (en) * 1937-11-22 1954-03-22 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Gas turbine
US2440069A (en) * 1944-08-26 1948-04-20 Gen Electric High-temperature elastic fluid turbine
US2915279A (en) * 1953-07-06 1959-12-01 Napier & Son Ltd Cooling of turbine blades
US3291447A (en) * 1965-02-15 1966-12-13 Gen Electric Steam turbine rotor cooling
US4046388A (en) * 1976-03-09 1977-09-06 Westinghouse Electric Corporation Seal arrangement utilizing deflector seals of reduced radial dimension
EP0313826A1 (en) * 1987-10-30 1989-05-03 BBC Brown Boveri AG Axial gas turbine
US6428270B1 (en) * 2000-09-15 2002-08-06 General Electric Company Stage 3 bucket shank bypass holes and related method
US6481959B1 (en) 2001-04-26 2002-11-19 Honeywell International, Inc. Gas turbine disk cavity ingestion inhibitor
US20090067997A1 (en) * 2007-03-05 2009-03-12 Wu Charles C Gas turbine engine with canted pocket and canted knife edge seal
US8167547B2 (en) * 2007-03-05 2012-05-01 United Technologies Corporation Gas turbine engine with canted pocket and canted knife edge seal
US20090180871A1 (en) * 2008-01-10 2009-07-16 General Electric Company Methods for plugging turbine wheel holes
US7891945B2 (en) * 2008-01-10 2011-02-22 General Electric Company Methods for plugging turbine wheel holes
US20120308360A1 (en) * 2011-05-31 2012-12-06 General Electric Company Overlap seal for turbine nozzle assembly
US20130170960A1 (en) * 2012-01-04 2013-07-04 General Electric Company Turbine assembly and method for reducing fluid flow between turbine components
US20180149022A1 (en) * 2016-11-30 2018-05-31 General Electric Company Guide vane assembly for a rotary machine and methods of assembling the same
US10822977B2 (en) * 2016-11-30 2020-11-03 General Electric Company Guide vane assembly for a rotary machine and methods of assembling the same

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