US1818768A

US1818768A - Rotary blower, pump, and meter

Info

Publication number: US1818768A
Application number: US222455A
Authority: US
Inventors: Everett W Swartwout
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1927-09-28
Filing date: 1927-09-28
Publication date: 1931-08-11
Anticipated expiration: 1948-08-11

Description

Aug. 11, 1931. E. w. swARTwoUT 1,818,768

ROTARY ELowEn, PUMP, AND METER Filed se'pt. 2e, 1927 4 sheets-sheet 1 H f5 m1 .um l

Aug. l1, 1931. E. w. swARTwoUT 1,818,768

ROTARY BLOWER, PUMP, AND METER 'Filed sept. 2s, 1927l 4 sheets-sheet 2 Aug- 11, 1931. E. w; swARTwoUT 1,818,768

ROTARY BLOWER, PUMP, AND METER Fled Sept. 28, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 252c 252b T15- lU-#aLL/mf ZIO Aug. l1, 1931. E. w..swARTwoU'r ROTARY BLOWER, PUMP, AND METER Filed Sept, 28, 1927 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented Aug. 11,11-i931 PATENTV OFFICE EVERETT W. SWABTWOUT, OF WHITE PLAINS, NEW YORK ROTARY BLOWER, PUMP, AND METER Application mea september as, 19a?. serial' No. 222,455.

My invention relates to rotary blowers, pumps and meters.

Moreeparticularly, my invention relates to rotary machines, -including blowers and pumps having more than one working compartment in each sin le cylinderprovided with lobed impellers or the passage of the medium under com ression or otherwise and further provided w1th means for progressively unloading the respective compartments when operating as a single stage unit on asingle medium and adapted if desired to handle different media at the same time in adjoining compartments, with unloadin means for each separate compartment, an also adapted to operate as a multi-stage single cylinder machine.

The invention embodies certain features set forth and claimed in my co-pending application Serial No. 219,225 filed September 13, 1927, entitled Rotary blowers and pumps.

According to my invention, when compressing or pumping solely one fluid or medium, the respective com artments, each having the same or di erent unit volumesY diaphragm operated by-pass valves, one lfor respectively, may be controlled so that they 'f will all deliver in parallel relation into the discharge pipe thus producing the full capacity of the unit to compress, or pump, and to deliver into the discharge pipe, or the respective compartments may be cut out or unloaded individually, and progressively, thus reducing, the capacity and power consumption of the machine proportionately when operated at any particular speed, and,

at the same time, heavy surging demands for electric power for the driving motor from the electric supply lines are avoided as compared with a motor driven single compartment unit in which unloadi pro uces instantaneous electrical deman changes from `full power to, say, nearly nothing and back to 'fullpower when delivery intothe discharge pipe is resumed. f

. he accompanying drawings show one representative embodiment of my invention. Its principles may be applied in various ways without departing from the invention, yas comprehended by the scope of the appended claims. f

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of one form of my invention, partially in vertical central section terminating4 at the inlet and-'outlet pipe plates. l

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional elevation 55 prn line 2-2 ofthe arrangement shown in Fig. 3 is a detail elevation of a' portion showing the method of attachingand setting the gears.

Fig. 4 is a side elevation, partially in central vertical's'ection, showing one complete assembly of a unit embodyingmy invention, independently of my contro or regulating equipment. 05

Fig. 5 is a transverse central elevation in partial vertical central section and shows one form of a complete assembly of my control `and regulating equipment.

volume in each compartment, and under control of a master pilot valvecontrolling three each compartment, pursuant to my invention.

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic layout showing a three compartment machine having one large volume compartment and two relative- 30 ly smaller volume compartments with control, pursuant to my invention.

Fig. 8 is a diagrammatic layout of a two. compartment machine for handling two dliferent fluids, also 'pursuant to my invention. 85

Fig. 9 is a diagrammatic layout of a machine of a type and arrangementv adapted to rotary filter presses, pursuant to my invention. I

Fig. 10 is a side elevation, showing my in- 90 vention applied to a multi-compartment meter. v y

Referring to Fig. 1, the three lobed sections of one of the impellers are designated 1, 2, 3, and the three lobed sections of the pairs of lo es, or between the impellers andv the surrounding casing, but with relatively l5 'small clearances. The cylindrical section 7 of the cylinder.

is provided between the

adjoining lobes

1, 2. The cylindrical section 8 is provided be# tween the

adjoining lobes

2, 3. The cylindrical section 9 of the Opposite impeller is provided between the adjacent lobes 4, 5,` and the cylindrical section 10 or the opposite impeller is provided between the adjacent lobes 5, 6. j, The

lobes

1, 2, 3 and the

cylindrical sctions

7, 8 are preferably made of one continuous and integral casting when the adjacent lobes are in line. When desired, the

adjacent lobes

1, 2, 3 may be made as separate elements, as" may also the

cylindrical sections

7 and 8. Also, the lobes 4, 5, 6 and the

cylindrical sections

9, 10 may be made integral, or as separate parts as desired. The impeller lobed

sections

1, 2, 3 and the cylindrical cojoining members 7 8, forming one of the complete rotating elements, are concentrically mounted upon the shaft 11, preferably shrunk and keyed onto the shaft, first, and then machined and finished while in such position, while the impeller lobed sections 4, 5, 6 and the

cylindrical co-joining members

9, 10 forming the other ofthe complete rotating elements are concentrically mounted upon the shaft 12, preferably shrunk and keyed onto the shaft first, and then machined and finished in such position.

The half section dividing plate 13, see Figs. 1 and 2, positioned in the lower half of the casing and its associated half section dividing plate 14 positioned in the upper half of the casing meet in a formed horizontal joint 15, and form a complete partition extending transversely across the interior of the casing, and are firmly held in place by projecting into the curved

inner recesses

16, 19 of the quarter section of the cylinder in the back,

-both at the lower half of the casing, while the upper half section of the partition 14 projects into the curved '

inner recesses

20, 21 of the

upper quarter sections

22 and 23 respectively Similarly, the lower half dividing section 24 meets the upper half dividing section 25 inthe formed joint 26, the lower section 24 being firmly held in position in the

recesses

27, 28 of the lower quarter sections '17, 18 of the cylinder and the upper half dividing section 25 being firmly held in position by the

recesses

29, 30 of the

upper quarter sections

22, 23 of the cylinder.

The casing is completed by the lower'half end sections 31, 32 of the two head plates, attached to the ends 4of the

cylinder quarter sections

17, 18 and by the

upper half sections

33, 34 of the two head plates, attached to the ends of the quarter sections of the

cylinder

22, 23.

Referring to Fi s. 1 and 2, the

head plate sections

31, 33, seegFig. 1, are bolted together along the parting line 35, and, similarly, the

head plate sections 32, 34 are bolted together f along the parting line' 36. The

cylinder quarter sections

17 and 22 are bolted together along the parting line 37, see Fig. 2, and the

cylinder quarter sections

18, and 23 are bolted along the parting line 38.

The bore of the cylinder quarter section 17 is represented by the are 39, seeFig. 2,

which forms a semicircle when connected with the arc 40 representing the bore of the cylinder quarter section 22. Similarly, the bore of the quarter section 18 represented by the arc 42 forms a semicircle when joined together )at tlie line 38. The recesses in the cylinder walls, in which the dividing plates 13.

l

14, 24 and 25 are held,.are of depths as represented by the annular ring sections formed between the

bore

39, 40 and the

semicircular arc

43, 44 on one side of the machine, and bythe annular ring sections formed between the bore' 41, 42-and the

semicircular arc

45, 46 on the other side of the machine.

The adjacent lobes l, 2, 3 and the

cylindrical sections

7, 8 of the one impeller member, mounted on the shaft 11 and also held by the key 47, rotates in clockwise direction as indicated by the arrow 48. The adjacent lobes 4, 5, 6 and the cylindrical sections 9, 10 'of the second impeller member mounted on the shaft 12 and also held by the key 49, rotates in counter-clockwise direction as'indicated by the arrow 50. One of the shafts 11, 12 may be the driving shaft and the other of the shafts may be the driven shaft. The shafts 11, 12 and'their impeller members are connected together and one of them is driven 4from the other, and said shafts are caused to rotate in opposite directions by the meshing, synchronizing and timing gears represented by the circles 5l, 52 respectively. The gears 51, y52 are disposed within the housing 53, preferably remote from the cylinder aso' that they can be fully protected from dust and dirt, and run in a bath of oil, to thereby more efficiently maintain the

impeller members

1, 2, 3 and 4, 5, 6 respectively in proper timing relation to each other, and transmit half ofthe power. As there will be no rubbing between the impellers and the cylinder, and as a product free fromr oil .is usually desired, with the small clearances provided, no lubrication within the cylinder is necessary,

vsus

The shorter shaft of the two shafts 11, 12 terminates in the double outer bearing 54 mounted upon the pedestal 55, whereas-the through the double outer bearing 54 and receives the drive pulley 56, or any other suitable driving means. Thetwo shafts 11, 12 pass through the two bearings 57 supported y the head plate section 31 and, the two shafts 11, 12 terminate in the two bearings'58 -supported by the head platesection 32. The head plate sections 31, 32 and the double outer bearing pedestal 55 are mounted upon the one piece bedplate 59. The bottom pipe plate 60 has, in this embodiment of my invention, three separate openings, shown for the pur ose of illustratying an arrangement sultab e for handling three separate different mediums if desired without mixing. The bottom pipe plate 60 is provided with the opening 61, whichl with the flanges 62, 63 fitted against the head plate sections 32, the

cylinder sections

17, 18 and -the dividing partition plate 13, serves that compartment of the cylinder in which the lobes 1, 4 of the rotating members function. The medium discharged by the lobed sections 1, 4 passes through the opening 64 of the pipe plate 65. The top pipe plate 65 makes a tight fit with the region served solely by the impeller lobed sections 1, 4 by the flanges 66 and 67 fitted against the head section 34, the

cylinder

22, 23 and the dividing partition plate 14. The opening 68 of the bottom pipe plate 60 makes a tight fit with the

flanges

69, 70 with the

4cylinder sections

17, 18, the head plate section 31 and the partition plate 24, thus serving the lobes 3, 6 of the two impeller members. The discharge from the

lobes

2, 5 passes through the opening 71 of the top pipe plate 65 which makes a tight fit with the flanges 72, 73'and the head plate section 33, the cylinder s

ections

22, 23 and the partition plate 14. The

lobes

2, 5 are served by the opening 74 in the pipe plate 60 and discharge through the opening 75 ofthe top pipe plate 65. Thus it will be noted that three separate and ydistinct regions are provided within a single cylinder for compressing and pumping the same or different mediums from the same or different suction pressures, and discharged against the same or different pressures, with common drive means.- The fiange 76 may be -blanked off or connected with any by-passing 'arrangement desired. When used in compressing air o r gases, the arrangement which I have shown and described in Figs. 1 and 2 utilizes thejinstantaneous compression cycle, which cycle' has been so universally used in the prior art.

Fig. 3 shows an improved means for mounting the gears so that the initial timing of the impellers lmay be easily and accurately accomplished.- When the setting and fitting of longer shaft, the driving shaft, extends 'and' loss in efficiency due to increased clearances and increased leakage or slipy back through the machine. Ordinary wear 'on the 75 gears requiresoccasional taking up to preserve the original efficiency of this type of machine. To improve the ease and accuracy of ad'ustment of the gears, I provide the cylindrlcal blank 77 held to the shaft 11 by the key 'so 47, and they cylindrical blank 78 held to the shaft 12 with the key 49. The gear teeth areN4 cut in the annular blank 52, and/mounted upon the blank 78 and keyed together by the l key 79. Gear teeth are also cut in the face of 85 the annular blank 51 which is mounted upon the blank 77. For the purpose of extreme accuracy in timing the impellers in the proper angular relation with each other, I provide the gibbed key 80 between the blanks 51 and 90 77 which is ata relatively large radius from the center of the shaft 11 as compared with the radius at which the key 47 is positioned. In connection with the gibbed key 80, the

shims

81, 82 may be provided and changed G5' when required to maintain the proper timing relation of the impellers.

Referring to Figs. 4and 5, like parts are designated by like numerals and the same description applies as in Figs. 1 and 2 with the 100 following exceptions. The top pipe plate or discharge* chamber 83 comprises means for continuing the cylinder walls from the lines 84, 85 respectively to the common line 86 past which common line 86 each of the impeller 195

ments

93, 94 and 95`respectively, thus pro- 11o I Viding gradual and preferably adiabatic com. pression in each of the three compression regions respectively when all of the medium compressed is delivered into the discharge pipe, or by-passed through a throttling byv I pass valve. Thus I have provided means for compressing or pumping three separate mediums, without mixing them together, from different sucticn pressures, and delivering them against three different pressures, all three 12o compressions being according to the substantially gradual or adiabatic cycle, all in a single cylinder of multiple compartments and with common driving means. Many variations may be obtained as by proportioning the respective compartmentvolumes to suit any desired results, and by many different arrangements of piping in parallel or in series relation vor in combination as desired.

In such installations as require a variable quantity of gas or the likeydelivered against the same or different predetermined pressures, at fixed or at relatively unvarying speeds, my invention comprises fluid pressure motor means/for partially or completely unloading the machine, and by unloading the respective compartments progressively until the complete machine is entirely unloaded, the

partial and complete unloading all being accomplished automatically as will be hereinafter set forth. This embodiment comprises the multiple 'compartment check valve 98 having the partitions 100, and 101.orming tight compartments with the partitions 96, 97 and the

partitions

25 and 14 respectively, and having ports 102, 103 in the respective seetions

unidirectional valves

104, 105 and the

valve bonnets

106 and 107 respectively, which prevent the returngof the compressedl medi'- um from the discharge pipe side of the check valve, as at 108, back into the compartments of the chamber 83. v

This embodiment also comprises the multiple ported pilot valve body 109 having spacially located ports 110, 111, and 112 and the'- 4bellows member 124 or the equivalent, by the valve stem 125. The interior of the expansible bellows member 124'is connected through its port 124e and pipe 124?) with the delivery pipe 108 to contain gas at the pressure of the gas in the delivery pipe 108 and is balanced at three positions of elevation by connection with the lever 126, the link 127, the pin 128 and the pin 129. The lever 126 is fulerumed at the pin 130 supported by the stud 131 mounted upon`the body 109. The dash pot 132 may be used to stabilize the movement oi the lever 126 by connection with the link-133 and the pins 134 and 135. The lever 126 is directly loaded with the weight-s 136, the rod 137, and the adjustably positioned weight 138. The slotted link 139 operating between the

pins

140, 141 engages the lever 126 when lifted, accordingly preventing its further lifting except upon also lifting the weights 142, otherwise supported on the stand of the pilotvalve body 109. A further raising of the lever 126 will engage the slotted'link 143 operating between the pins 144, 145 attached to the lever 126, after which the weights 146 are lifted from their supporting stand 109. The pilot valve 120 controls the operation of three by-pass valves, each one of which loads and unloads one of the three compression compartments. Only one by-pass valve is shown in Fig. 5; the other two by-pass valves are the same in size and arrangement as the one shown. y

Theby-pass valve 147 controlling the port 148 is disposed within the valve body 149 and is operated by the diaphragm 150 connected to the valve stem 151 by the plate 152.

and the nut 153, and to the valve 1.47 by the nuts 154 and 155. The coverI 156 has the opening 157 through which .the valve stem 151 extends. The diaphragm is connected at its upper side with the valve stem 151 by the' plate 158 andthe nut 159. The valve stem 151 supports the stand 160, attached to it by the pin 161. The stand 160 supports the Weights 162, which may be varied in number and weight to suit the requirements The port 165 of the pipe 164 is piped to the port 117 of the pilot valve 120. The port body of the second diaphragm is a similarly operated valve body and has a port similar to the port 163, and is similarly piped to the port 118 of the pilot valve 120. The third diaphragm operated valve is similar to the valve 147 and is similarly piped to the port 119 of the pilot valve body 109. In the position of the pilot valve as shown, the weights on the lever 126 are suliicient to hold t-he expansible bellows member in its lowest position corresponding to a` relatively low discharge pressure in the pipe 108, and, therefore, the pilot valve- 120 is held in its lowest position as shown. "With the pilot valve 120 in the position shown, the cut away port 121 now interconnects the

ports

117 and 114, which connects the suction line 164 through the pipe 165 with the gas space between the diaphragm 150 and the body 149. The weights 162 now hold the valve 147 closed and there can be no vmaintaining the suction pressure under the diaphragm'by interconnecting the

ports

1,16 and 119 of the valve body with the port 123 of the pilot valve 120. With all three by-pass valves 147, and the other two not shown,

completely closed, all three compression com-` partments of the machine are delivering their full capacity into the discharge pipe, and there is no unloading. l

As the pressure in the discharge pipe rises above any predetermined setting, the pilot valve 120 is raised and restrained in its first raised position to close the port 114, thus cutting olil communication of the lirst diaphragm operated valve 147 with the suction, the port 110 will be uncovered, and the discharge pressure is effective in the port 121 ofthe pilot iment is fully unloaded. At this stage, the

capacity of the machine, and the power consumption is but approximately two thirds 0f the full capacity and similarly in power consumption. The gas'passing through the first compression compartment into the compartment 93, the pipe 166, through the exit port 148 of pipe 166, then throu h inlet port 148e of pipe 164, and thence 't rough the

pipe sections

164, 167, 168 and 169 continues'to recirculate through the machine at suction pressure, while the remaining twocompartments are still compressing anff delivering into the discharge pipe. If thecapacity o the two remaining compartments is still too great to supply the reduced needs, then the pressure in the discharge pipe will rise, the pilot valve 120 will be raised to its second restrained position, the port 115 will be cut oi from communicationwith the suction, the ports 118 and 111 will be interconnected and the pressure under the second diaphra m will be the discharge pressure, the secon by-pass valve will ybe fully opened, and the capacity and power consumption will be reduced anotherthird,

i. e., to one-third of the full capacity, the `sec ond compression compartment will be circulating gas at the suction pressure through the

chambers

94 and 74 and the interconnecting piping and compression compartment. Should the discharge pressure still continue to rise, the pilot valve 120 will be raised to its maximum elevation, thus closing off the communication of the port 116 with the suction, thus interconnecting the ports 119 and 112 together, thus making the delivery ressure effective under the diaphragm o the third diaphragm operated valve, tov cause the valve to fully open and the third compartment is thereby fully unloaded, thereby recirculating gas only at the suction pressure through the chambers 95 and61, and through the interconnect-ing piping. At this stage the machine is completely unloaded and nothing is being delivered into the discharge pipe.

Conversely, as the gas is taken from the discharge pipe to cause a drop in the discharge pressure, the third by-pass valve will become closed, thus increasing the capacity of the machine toits one-third capacity, then as the pressure drops still more in the discharge pipe,.tl1'e second by-pass valve will be closed, and the capacity of the machine will be increased another ,-third,` i. e., to two-I thirds of its capacity, and finally .upon the y chine to its full capacity and to full power consumption. At this stage all three of the compression compartments are now compressing and delivering into the discharge line, and no unloading is eiective.

Also, it will be understood that'manyl variations in the needs for delivered gas in the discharge pipe may occur, with many corresponding variations in the amount of gas compressed and delivered or exhausted by the three respective compression compartments of this machine. As will also be understood, machines of this type may be made with their compartments of relatively different volumes, and with a number of compartments to suit the particular re uirements, and with re lating and control evices accordingly.

eferrmg to Figs. 6 and 7, the Larrangement shown in Fig. 6 is a complete da ammatic assembly ofya machine having or lillustration, three equal volume compression compartments, and unloading lcontrols, whereas the arrangement shown in Fig. 7 is similar to Fig. 6, with the exception that one large volume and two small volume compression compartments are re resented for the purpose of indicating ow two machines, each of the same external dimensions, each having the same total capacity, and each requiring the same power` at similar speed and pressure difierential, may, at the same time be most suitable ,for two entirely different operatin conditions. The arrangement of Fig. 7 would be best for handling a large base load, with two relatively small compartments to handle relatively small changes over the base load, as for example, in the exhausting of coke oven gas. The arrangement of Fig. 6 would be better adapted for a constant speed squirrel cage induction motor driven booster for pumping gas in any community having large variatlons in demand with heavy peaks at certain times of each day. The arrangement of Fig. 6 shows how one single machine would have nearly all the advantages of three duplicate smaller units, each having onethird of the total capacity, while, on the other hand, the three smaller units would be more expensive in rst cost, foundations, piping in the pumping station, and in the cost of the required buildings. The arrangement of Fig. 6 is much more economical in power consumption than one single large machine of the prior art type with throttling by-passing for .varying the capacity, which icidentally, can only be used success lly through a relatively small proportion of decrease in capacity.

'The low pressure regions 170,171, 172 and the high pressure regions 173,174, 175 of the three compartments ofthe arrangement shown' in Fig. 6, and the

low pressure regions

176, 177, 178 and the-high pressure regions 179-, 180, 181 of the three com artments of the arrangement shown in Fig. are both controlled by similar unloading set-ups, both of which are designated with the same reference numerals. The master pilot valve i regulator 182 is connected with the discharge' to produce mixtures.

pipe 183 by the pipe' 184, and with the suction pipe 185 by the pipe 186. The master pilot Valve regulator 182 is also connected with the'by-

pass valves

187, 188, 189 by the

pipes

190, 191, 192 respectively. The by-

pass valves

187, 188, 189y arev connected by the

pipes

193, 194, 195 with the

high pressure regions

173, 174, 175, respectively, and with

thelow pressure regions

170, 171, 172 bythe

pipes

196, 197, 198, respectively. Themaster pilot valve regulator 182, and the bypass valves are preferably of the type shown and described in reference to Fig. 5. l

Referring to Fig. 8, the relatively large volume compartment suction region 199, and the relatively large volume compartment high pressure region 200 receives air or gas from the'suction pipe 201 and discharges into the pipe 202. The single unloader 203 is connected by the pipe 204 with the high pressure region 200, and with the low pressure region 199 by the pipe 205. The relatively small volume compartment low pressure region, 206, and the relatively small volume compartment high pressure region 207 receives air or gas from the suction pipe 208 and discharges into the pipe 209. The single unloader 210 is connected by the pipe 211 with the high pressure region 207, and with the low ressure region by the pipel 212. In this embo iment of my invention, not only the two quantities of the medium handled, but also the pressure ranges of the two may be same or different, and when desire the two discharge lines may be joined together This application of my invention is particularly adapted to the gasifying of oil and the furnishing of secondary air during combustion, and also in the atomizing of oil, andvfor furnishing secondary air for combustion in connection with oil burners, at the respective desired quantities and pressures.

Referring to Fig. 9, this arrangement, shown diagrammatically is especially applicable for use in connection with rotary ilters. In this arrangement, the pipe 213 contains the mixture of filtrate and entrained air sucked into the region 214 of the one compartment at high vacuum, while the higher pressure region 215 is di harging into the separatin tank 216 through the pipe 217. The entraine air is separated out in the tank A216 while`the liquid filtrate without air is sucked through the pipe 217 a to the low pressure region of the compartment and -is pumped from the high pressure region 219 of this compartment into the discharge pipe 220 to another part of the process. The dry air port of the filter ,requiring relatively less vacuum than in the sucking of the filtrate,

complishes in one machine, what has been` previously done with diii'erent machines with greater first cost and with greater power consumption than required pursuant to my invention.

In Fig. 10, I have illustrated my invention of the various forms herein described, as applied to a meter 250 of. the lobed impeller and other types applicable to my invention. As illustrated, the meter 250 is shown with three compartments 251a, 2516, 2510; the number of compartments of course may be varied, as desired. The inlet ports of thev respective compartments are indicated at 252e, 2526 and 252e respectively, and the outlets at 253er, 2536, 253e, respectively. The

individual, multiple\ or other type of lmeter.

for the readings and register of the respective meter compartments as indicated at 254.

It will be observed that my invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings provides for the discharge of the compressors respectively into their discharge lines under conditions of pressure in the respective discharge linesnot exceeding a pre-determined value, under which condition the /by-pass means between the discharge and inlet openings of any compresseor is closed; further, un- 'der the condition of the pressure in any discharge line exceeding its pre-determined value, the discharge from its compressor is by-passed back to its inlet. Preferably, as is illustrated and described above, the valve controlling my by-pass means assumes in this operation either a fully open position or 4 a fully closed position, under which latter condition the discharge -from its compressor is wholly prevented from going into its discharge line and is led back through the open by-pass valve to the inlet opening of' its compressor.

From the above, it will be apparent' that my invention is particularly applicable for boosters in gas pumping stations using electric motors as the driving units. Machines of this type are also extremely useful and eiiicient when used for producing constant pressure vacuums by exhausting variable volumes of air with condensed steam vapor in suspension in connection with varying numbers of steam pressing bucks as used in the garment industry, as well as in the manufacture of paper in connection with individual paper machines, or in central vac-- uum plants, for producing vacuum onl-suction rolls and fiat boxes, and many ilar applications. J

In coke ovens, 4especially those utilizing charging methods which require large moother sim- \mentary periodic changes t" in the rate at which the gas/should be exhausted, the speed of steam engines and steam turbines cannot be varied quickly enouvgh to, vary the capacity of the exhausters enough correspondingly to prevent relatively large fluctuations in the pressure of the gas exhausted from the ovens. With the use of my invention, the eilective capacity of the exhausters may be instantly varied by partial or complete unloading, or cutting in again, irrespectivetof changes in the speed of the operating unit, and consequently, the desired close regulation of the pressure of the gas taken from the coke ovens is obtained'.

-need for air, but ready to instantly repeat the cycles. i

My invention is especially applicable to those processes in industry which require two or more different quantities, or two or more equal quantities of air at respectively two or more corres ondingly different pressures, as in the gasi ying and burning of oil, the at'omizing of oil in oil burners and the supplying of secondary air at respectively different quantities and pressures.

My invention is economical in first cost 'and is etlicient, when used in the compressing and mixing of two ormore different gases at a constant delivery pressure as is now accomplished by using separate and distinct units of the prior type for each gasto be compressed and delivered to make the desired mixture. v

The principles of my invention may be used in gas meters of the lobed impeller type forl measuring and mixing together two or more gases in predeterminedproportions.

A prime use of my lnvention is in connectlon wlth filter presses by using only one machine to accomplish the several separate operations previously requiring dii'er'ent units, as one compartment of m'y cylinder may serve the dry air port, another may remove the filtrate with its entrained air under vacuum, and discharge it into atank separating the air, from the filtrate, and a third compartment can belused for pumping the filtrate without air t'o the next stage,l in the process.

Pumpsfor vacuum heating systems may be operated pursuant to my invention for removing the air and water under vacuum, or for discharging the mixture into a hot well thus getting rid of the air, the water then being pumped back into the boiler in one or more stages of pumping as required.

Another application of my invention is obtained by connecting the compartments of the jcylinder, having the desired volume in each of the respective compartments, in series relation thus producing with intercooling if desired when compressing, or when pumping, a two, three or more stage unit suitable with a relativelv high differential pressure above the-suction pressure with ay relatively low diii'erential pressure in each of the respective stages.

,Whereas, I have by reference to specific forms thereof, it will be understood that lmany changes`and modification's mayy be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.

I claim.

l. The combination of acasing comprising a cylinder having different compartments, compression means disposed within said compartments respectively, common driving means for said compression means, and capacity varying means for said compartments respectively, said capacity varying means including a vpilotJ valve, a diaphragm, a valve controlled by saidk diaphragm, by-pass passage means leading from the delivery side of said compartments respectively to the suction side of said compartments respectively, said valve `controlling the opening and closing of said by-pass passage means, a housing for ,said pilot valve, said housing being provided with ports, and passage means co-acting with said pilot valve for movingsaid diaphragm ,and said valve to opened and closed position-s respectively relsponsive to variations of the delivery pressure orf-said compartments respectively.

2. The combination of a casingcomprising a cylinder having dierent compartments, compression means disposed within said compartments respectively,- common driving means for said compression means, and capac1ty` varying means for sald compartments respectively, said capacity varying means in' cluding a pilot valve', a diaphragm, a valve controlled by said diaphragm, by-pass passage means leading from the delivery side of said compartments respectively to the suction side of said compartments respectively, said valve controlling the opening and closing of said by-pass passage means, a housing for said pilot valve, said'housingbeing provided with ports, and passage means co-acting with said pilot valve for-moving said diaphragm and said valve tobpened and closed positions respectively responsive to variations of the dedescribed my invention livey pressure of said compartments respective y.

3. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, impellers for said compartments respectively, common means for actuating said impellers, discharge means for said compartments, inlet means for said compartments respectively, piping interconnecting certain of said compartments in parallel relationship to one another, passage means respectively connecting each said inlet means with its said discharge means, a valve for each of said passage means, means for operating said valves respectively to solely fully opened and fully closed positions, and means responsive to the pressure of said discharge means for controlling said valve operating means.

t. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, impellersfor said compartmentsrespectively,commonmeans for actuating said impellers, discharge means respectively for said compartments, inlet means for said compartments respectively, piping interconnecting certain of said compartments in parallel relationship to one another, passage means respectively connecting each said inlet means with its said discharge means, a valve for each of said passage means, individual means for operating valves respectively solely to fully opened and fully closed positions, and means responsive to the pressure of said discharge means respectively fOr controlling said individual valve operating means respectively.

5. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, impellers for said compartments respectively, common means Jfor actuating said impellers, discharge means respectively for said compartments, inlet means for said compartments respectively, piping interconnecting certain of said compartments in parallel relationship to one another, passage means respectivelygconnecting each said inlet means with its said discharge means respectively, a valve for each of said passage means, means Jfor operating said valve solely to fully opened and fully closed positions respectively and means responsive to the pressure of said discharge means and of said inlet means respectively for controlling said valve operating means. v 6. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, impellers for said compartments respectively, common means for actuating said impellers, discharge means for said compartments, inlet means for said compartments respectively, passage means respectively connecting each said inlet means with said discharge means, a valve for each of said passage means, and means responsive to the pressure of said discharge means for controlling said valves respectively, said pressure responsive means including a common pilot valve.

7. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, impellers or said compartments respectively, common vmeans for actuating said impellers, dissaid pressure responsive means including a common pilot valve.

8. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, impellers for said compartments respectively, common means for actuating said impellers, discharge meansrespectively for said compartments, inlet means for said compartments respectively, passage means respectively connecting each said inlet means with said discharge means respectively, a valve for each of said passage means, means for operating said valves solely to fully opened and fully closed positions and m'eans responsive to the pressure of said discharge means respectively for controlling said valve operating means, said pressure responsivepmeans including a common pilot valve.

9. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, impellers for said compartments respectively, common means for actuating said impellers, discharge means respectively for said compartments, inlet means for said compartments, piping interconnecting certain of said compartments in parallel relationship to one another, passage means respectively connecting each said discharge means with its said inlet means, a valve for eachv of said passage means, individual means for operating said valves to solely fully opened and fully closed positions and means responsive to the pressure 'of said discharge means and of said inlet means respectively for controlling said individual valves operating means respectively.

10. The combination of a blower havin a plurality of compartments, vimpellers or said compartments respectively, common means for actuating said impellers, discharge means respectively for said compartments, inlet means for said compartments, passage means respectively connecting each said discharge means with said inlet means, a valve Jfor each of said passage means, means for operating said valves solely to fully opened and fully closed positions and means responsive to the pressure of said dischar e means and of said inlet lmeans respective y for controlling said valve operating means, said pressure responsive means including a common pilot valve.

11. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, impellers for said compartments respectively, commonv means for actuating said impellers, discharge means respectively for saidv compartments, inlet means for said compartments respectively, piping interconnectlng certain of said compartments in parallel relationship to one another, passage means respectively connecting each said inlet means with its said discharge means, a valve for each of said passage means, means for operating said valves solely to fully opened and fully closed positions respectively, a uni-directional valve in said discharge means posteriorly of the location of communication therewith of its said passage means, and means responsive to the pressure of said discharge means respectively for controlling said passage means valve operating means respectively.

12. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, impellers for said compartments respectively, common means for actuating said impellers, discharge means respectively for said compartments, inlet means for said compartments respectively, piping interconnecting certain of said compartments in parallel relationship to one another, assage means respectively connecting each said inlet means with its said discharge means respectively, a valve for each of said passage means, means for operating said valves respectively solely to fully opened and fully closed positions, a unidirectional valve in said discharge means posteriorly of the vlocation of communication therewith of its saidpassage means, and

' means responsive to the pressure of said discharge means respectively for controlling said passage means valve operating means respectively.

13. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, impellers for said compartments respectively, means for actuating said impellers, discharge means respectively for said compartments, inlet means for said compartments respectively, passage means respectively connecting each said inlet means with said discharge means respectively, a valve for each of said passage means, a unidirectional valve'in said discharge means posteriorl of the location of Communication therewit of its said passage means, and means responsive to the pressure of said discharge means respectively for controlling said passage means valves respectively, said pressure responsive means including a common pilot valve.

14. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, impellers for said compartments respectively, means for actuating said impellers, discharge means respectively for said compartments, inlet means for said compartments, passage means respectively connecting said discharge means with said inlet means, a valve for each of said passage means, means for operating said valves respectively to fully opened and fully closed positions, a unidirectional valve in said discharge means posteriorly of the location of communication therewith of its said passage means, and means responsive to the pressure of said discharge means and of said inlet means respectively for controlling said passage means valve operating means respectively.

l5.- The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, impellers for said compartments respectively, means for actuating said impellers, discharge means respectively for said compartments, inlet means for said compartments, passage means respectively connecting each said discharge means with said inlet means, a valve for each of said passage means, means for operating said-valves respectively solely to fully opened and fully closed positions, a unidirectional valve in said discharge means pos-teriorly of the location of communication therewith of its said passage means, and means responsive to the pressure of said discharge means and of said inlet means respectively for controlling said passage means valve op erating Vmeans respectively, said pressure responsive means including a common pilot valve.

16. The combination of a blower having a plurality vof compartments, impellers for said compartments respectively, common means for actuating said impellers, discharge means respectively for said compartments, inlet means for said compartments respectively, piping interconnecting certain of said compartments in parallel relationship to one another, passage means respectively connecting each said inlet means with its said discharge means, a valve for each of said passage means, individual means for operating said valves respectively to fully opened and fully closed positions, a unidirectional valve in said discharge means posteriorly of the `location of communication therewith of vits said passage means, and pressure responsive means for controlling said individual valve operating means respectively.

17. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, impellers for said compartments respectively, means for actuating said impellers, discharge means respectively for said compartments, inlet means for said compartments respectively, passage means respectively connecting said inlet means with said discharge means respectively, a valve for each of said passage means, a unidirectional valve in said discharge means posteriorly of the location of communication therewith 'ofits passage means, and pressure responsive means for controlling said valves respectively, said pressure responsive means inc uding a common pilot valve.

compressor, valves respectively controllingv said by-pass and valve means respectively cont-rolled by the pressure in said discharge lines respectively for operating the valve means of its by-pass means alternately to fully opened and fully closed positions.

19. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, each compartment having an inlet opening and a discharge opening, impellers for said compartments respectively, common means for actuating said impellers, discharge lines for said compartments respectively, and means for controlling the discharge from said compressors respectively into said discharge line, said controlling means comprising by-pass means respectively for said compartments, each bypass means communicating at its one end with the discharge opening of its compres-l sor and its opposite end with the inlet opening of its compressor, valves respectively controlling said by-pass means and power operated valve means respectively controlled by the pressure in said discharge lines respectively for operating the valve means of its b y-pass means alternately to fully closed posltions.

20. The combination of a blower having a plurality of com artments, each compartment having an in et opening and a discharge opening, impellers for said compartments respectively, common means for actuating said impellers, discharge lines for said compartments respectivel and means for controlling the discharge from said compressors respectively into said discharge line, said controlling means comprising by-pass means respectively for said compartments, each bypass means connectin at its one end with the discharge opening o its compressor and its opposite end with Athe inlet opening of its compressor, valves respectively controlling said by-pass means and valve means respectively controlled by thek pressure in said discharge lines respectively for operating the valve means of its by-pass means alternately to full opened and fully closed positions, each o said valve means comprising a pilot rvalve member, a casing enclosing said pilot valve member and provided with a port, and

spcctive piping connecting said port with its discharge line.

21. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, each .compartment having an inletopening and a discharge opening impellers for said compartments rely, common means for actuating said impellers, discharge lines for said compartments respectively, and means for controlling the discharge from said compressors respectively into said discharge line, said controlling means comprising by-pass means respectively for said compartments, each'by-pass means connecting at its one end with the discharge opening of its compressor and its opposite end with the inlet opening of its com-.. pressor, valves respectively controlling said by-pass means and valve means respectively controlled by the pressure in said discharge lines respectively for operating the valve means of its by-pass means alternately to fully opened and fully closed positions, each of said valve means comprising a pilot valve member, a casing enclosing its pilot valve member and provided with a plurality of ports and piping respectively connecting its ports with its discharge line and the/inlet opening of its compressor.

22. The combination of a blower having a plurality of' compartments each compartment having an inlet opening and a discharge opening, impellers for said compartments respectively, common means for actuating said impellers, discharge lines for said compartments respectively, and means for controlling the discharge from said compressors respectively into said discharge line, said controlling means comprising by-pass means respectively forl said compartments, each bypass means connecting at its one end ywith the discharge opening of its compressor and its opposite end with the inlet opening of its compressor, said by-pass means and valve means respectively controlled by the pressure in said discharge lines respectively for operating the valve means of its by-pass means alternately to fully opened and fully closed positions, each of said valve means comprising a pilot valve member, a casing enclosing its pilot valve member and provided with a port and piping connecting its port with the inlet opening of its compressor.

23. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, each compartment having an inlet opening and a discharge opening, impellers for said compartments respectively, common means for actuating said impellers, discharge lines for said compartments respectively, and means for controlling the discharge from said compressors res ectively into said discharge line,said controlling means comprising by-pass means respectively for said compartments, each by-pass means connecting at its one end with the discharge` valves -respectively controlling of t inlet opening of its compressor.

24. The combination of a blower having a plurality of compartments, impellers for said compartments respectively, common means for actuating said impellers, discharge piping and inlet piping for said compartments, piping interconnecting certain of said compartments in parallel relationship to one another, passage means for interconnecting each of said discharge means respectively with its inlet piping, unidirectional valve means for said 'discharge piping, valve means for said passage means, and means responsive to the pressure of said discharge piping for operatin said valve means respectively solely to fu ly opened and fully closed positions.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification this 20th day of September 1927.

EVERETT W. SWARTWOUT.

the pressure 1s maintained the same as that`