US1817195A - Shock absorber - Google Patents

Description

l Aug. 4, 1931.

H, E. JACKSON SHOCK ABSORBER Filed Feb. 25, 1928 alla@ ATTOR N EYS.

.Unire STATES PATENT orricn HAROLD E. JACKSON, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN SHOCK ABSORBER Application led February 25, 192B. Serial No'. 256,852.

My invention relates to an improved shock is coupled up with the vehicle so that the absorber of the fluid compression type and mechanism is adapted to absorb the throw of particularly to such an article adapted for the vehicle body with respect to the axle. use on a motor vehicle to absorb the road There is a casing 12 adapted to coniain a suit- 5 shocks incident to travel of the VehCl. able liquid andiprovided with a cover plate 55 AH object is tho PoVSlon of 2L Shook alo* 14 secured thereto by screws 16 or in any sorber of the character described adapted to Suitable fashion' This Casina may be fag @hook the throw of. tho oaf body both P and tened to its point of support bby stu-ds 18 and w Ihe two end compartments, indicated as 2() im Josed b the 'Lbsobinff mechanism in 1 y L D and 22, constitute compression chambers and either of said directions ot movement and the .1 tnv 1.1 t t t l. 1 to Vary the who therebetween m met i.. e compai men mcicatec as A meritorious 'feature lies in the provision 24 1S m Comfmmlcatlon with each of the end 1r, of mechanism of this type havmg two COm compartments and serves as a reservoir for G5 pression chambers communicating' through licitud Each ond Compartment hos i131 all' an intermediate chamber within which comdomo 26 @bow tho liquid loVol Within WhCh pression mechanism is operatively disposed ilil 1S 'lppech and is a preferred form of to be actuated to eXert a pressureupon the CODS'CIUCOIL 29 Huid in each Compression Chamber, and TlllS liquid level iS lldlCateCl in Fig. l by 70 having controlled outlets for iiuid from both the dotted line y compression chambers vinto the intermediate Each compression compartment communi- Chamber @ach of which Outlets is adjustable Cates with the intermediate compartment to vary the restriction imposed thereby upon through a cylinder 28. A piston 30 is mount the flow of fluid and adjustable independed for reciprocation within each cylinder 28. 7 ently from the exterior of the casing. These two pistons are here shown as con- A point of value resides in the provision 0f nected for joint operation and as constitutnovel valve mechanism operable to vary the ing a double end piStOli CombinatlOn aCtuf restriction of the liquid outlet passageway ated by an a m 32 mounted upon a shaft 34 30 from each compression chamber, coupled with the arm 10 to be actuated S0 .Other advantages and meritorious feathereby. tures of my invention will more fully appear The pistons are similar in construction and from the following specification, appended each piston is hollowed out as shown in Fig. 1 claims and accompanying` drawings, whereand is provided with a plurality of passage- 35 inways 36, four being a suitable number, ex- S5 Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken on tending angularly through the head of the line 1.-1 of Fig. 2. piston and terminating in ay common passage- Fig. 2 is a` cross-sectional view taken on way 38, the outlet of which toward the rear line 2-2 of Fig. 1. of the piston is normally closed by a ball to Fig. 3 is an enlarged fragmentary seccheck valve 40 held thereagainst by a spring 90 tional view through the valve mechanism. 4:2 mounted within a cage L11 provided with a Fig. at is .an elevation of a fragment of the vent 46. This cage is hat shaped andhas a casing showing the valve adjustment. brim or flange portion 48l which seats within Fig. 5 is an enlarged rear end view oil one the cored-out portion 50 of the piston and is L 1 (i.- of the pistons. held ther ein by a snap ring 52. rlhis flange do Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional View taken on portion has passageways 54 extending thereline 6-6 of Fig. 4. through to permit the passage of fluid from My improved shock absorber isV mounted .the intermediate chamber into the compres- 5 upon the vehicle in the conventional mansion chamber upon the unscating of the ball n ner and is provided with a lever 10 which valve 40. 100

When the piston travels outwardly away i from the compression chamber 20, this ball check valve 40 is unseated as the spring l2 is ya very light spring and tluid passes readily into the compression chamber through the openings 36, 38 and 54. The opening 4:6 is

merely to provide a vent back of the ball checkm Each compression chamber exhausts into the intermediate chamber through a controlled passageway below th'e' normal liquidVv level the restriction of which is regulated by valve mechanism of the tollowing'typ'e' There is a tubular member 56 which eX- tends from the exterior of the casingthrough the; intermediate chamber 24 andA into thev compression chamber 20, being threaded at oneend as at 58 for threaded adjustment into said compression chamber. This tubular member is providedwith a central passagewayGOf'asl shown, having radial outlets 62 through which luidpasses from the comssion chamber to the intermediate chamber: f t Thetldiv,otftliiidthrough this passageway 4la ed by a valve element 64 held by a sp'r @6to af determined position within the telg ble tubular member t6,l which pos ieredetermine'd by'aiiipple 68 which engages'the'- wall. of the casing shown in Figs.' 3 and6.` This valve' element 6e `is shown ixrFigs.vr 3`a=ndn6 as having aXial passageways tourV equally spaced ones being here shown, to permit the flow of lubricant therealong ,to escapegfromthe compression cham ber. These axial passageways however, do not-determine thecontrolled restriction but this is determined by thev relative position ofgon annular liange portion carried by val-ve' element 64 which flange portion is to measure a restriction against outlets GQforme/l throughthe tubular member 56. It wi-llbesc'en that adjustmentof the tubu lar Inemberc with respectto the iiXed idle position of., the valve lmember 64 as' determined by the spring 66 holding said valve member'with itsv nipple bearing against the casing wa'llwil-l vary the restriction formed by the po to-saidl oi lets62- and that this adji'istment is accomplishedfby rotating the tubular memnv ber 5.6to increase or decrease said restriction;

rEhe tubularA member' is positioned within tlirea ded loch-nut 72 and has an end flange 74 ated-as shown yin* Fig. il' providing notches .s within which a releasable locl; member 78 heldv by` a screwrSO may seat to determine the adjustment of the valve.

,Y v Itwillrno'w appear that the flow of liquid from eac'hcompressionchamber may be regulatedtoja tinev pointf-and independently or the flow oi" liquid' iroml the other compression cham-her and that this adjustment is made rromapoint erteriorlyof 'the'casing and may not said-flange 70 with respect be ellected in determined graduated amountsV to provide the required resistance to the movement of the piston. It is therefore possible not only to regulate the resistance imposed upon the piston in either direction ot movement of the bodyvot the vehicle which actuates the piston, but likewise to vary the ratio in opposite directions.

lt; will be' seen that this shock absorber is of the type wherein the initial movement is cushioned by the air pocket and the continuation orf/such movement is taken up by the exhaust o't liquid against the provided restriction'.

TWhat I claim is:

l'. shock ab'sorberlhaving a pair of high pressure fluid compression chambers connected by a' low pressure communicating cylinder, Va double acting piston assembly mounted-within the cylinder for reciprocation vto exert pressure upon the yfluid in ea'chchamber, each chamber provided with a restrictedV outlet regulating the liow of fluid therefrom to the other chamber, a` valvev extending through the outer wall and a portion of the low pressure cylinder'controling each out-let and adjustable to regulate the liow of liquid therethrough withina determined pressure and automatically releas-` abl-e to increasesuch iiow above a determined pressure. Y

2. A shoclr absorber having a casing divided into two'liquid compressionchambers chamber into each compression chamber, acylinder extending from the intermediate chamber into each compresion chamber, a double acting piston assembly within the cylinder, a' liquid medium within the casing subm'erging the piston assembly means within the"v intermediate chamber engaging the piston assembly to reciprocate it to e-X-ert a pressure on thexfluid in each compression chamber, yeach compression chamber provided wit-h an air dome arranged inthe uppermost portion thereof' aboveV the piston assembly and provided with an independently controlled restricted outletbelow the air dome Aandb'elow the normal liquid level for the flow of liquid therefrom intoI the intermediate chamber whereby the relative ratio of the discharge of the two compression chambers into the intermediate chamber may be varied, said independent .control including aj valve extending through the outer' wall and intermediate chamber into'tlie compression chamber. c

3; A shock absorber having a casingv providing two chambers, one' chamber constiti1ting a liquid reservoir' and the other chamber constituting av liquid compression chamber communicating with the reservoir to receive liquid therefrom", means operable to exert a pressure upon the liquid in the compression' 'cha'mben a. tubular member leading from the compression chamber through the reservoir and throughk the wall of the casinglpr'oviding Sil a passageway for liquid from the compression chamber into the reservoir, a valve element supported within said tubular member to regulate the flow of liquid through said tubular member from the compression chamber into the reservoir, said tubular member adjustable exteriorly of the casing to regulate the restriction imposed by said valve element upon the flow of liquid through the opening.

4l. A shock absorber having a casing providing two chambers, one chamber constituting a liquid reservoir and the other chamber constituting a liquid compression chamber communicating with the reservoir to receive liquid therefrom, means operable to exert a pressure upon the liquid in the compression chamber, a tubular member leading from the compression chamber through the reservoir and through the wall of the casing providing a passageway for liquid from the compression chamber into the reservoir, a'valve element supported within said tubular member under yieldable pressure at a determined position to regulate the flow of liquid through said tubular member and automatically responsive to a determined increase of liquid pressure within the compression chamber to increase the flow of liquid through the tubular member, said tubular member being adjustable to vary the restriction imposed thereon by the valve element.

5. A shock absorber having a casing providing two chambers, one chamber constituting a liquid reservoir and the other chamber constituting a liquid compression chamber communicating with the reservoir to receive liquid therefrom, means operable to exert a pressure upon the liquid in the compression chamber, a tubular member leading from the compression chamber through the reservoir and through the wall of the casing providing a passageway for liquid from the compression chamber into the reservoir, a valve element supported within said tubular member and held under spring pressure to a determined position therein to regulate the flow of liquid therethrough and automatically responsive to a determined liquid pressure within the compression chamber to permit an increased flow of liquid therefrom, said tubular member being threadedly mounted for adjustment eXteriorly of the casing to vary the restriction imposed thereupon by the valve element.

6. A shock absorber comprising a casing divided into two end compartments separated by and communicating with an intermediate compartment, a cylinder extending from the intermediate compartment into both end compartments, each end compartment provided with an air dome communicating therewith and positioned above said cylinder, a liquid medium in the casing submerging the cylinder, reciprocating piston mechanism mounted in t-he cylinder for operation to exert pressure upon the liquid in either end compartment, valve mechanism for each end compartment arranged substantially below the air dome and controlling the flow of liquid from the intermediate compartment into the end compartment, and valve mechanism for each end compartment arranged substantially below the air dome thereof controlling the flow of liquid therefrom into the intermediate compartment, i

said last named valve mechanism extending through the wall of the casing into the intermediate compartment and through the intermediate compartment to regulate the outlet from the end compartment.

7. A shock absorber comprising, in combination, a pair of high pressure compression chambers connected by a low pressure communicating cylinder, a double acting piston assembly mounted within the cylinder for reciprocation to exert a pressure upon the fluid in each chamber, a restricted passageway leading from each of the high pressure compression chambers into the low pressure cylinder, and means extending through the absorber casing wall and through the low pressure cylinder adjustable exterior-ly of the casing to vary the passageway leading from the high pressure to the low pressure cylinder.

In testimony whereof, I HAROLD E. JACK- SON, sign this specification.

HAROLD E. JACKSON.

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