US1810188A - Television system - Google Patents

Television system Download PDF

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Publication number
US1810188A
US1810188A US379384A US37938429A US1810188A US 1810188 A US1810188 A US 1810188A US 379384 A US379384 A US 379384A US 37938429 A US37938429 A US 37938429A US 1810188 A US1810188 A US 1810188A
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United States
Prior art keywords
film
sound
scanning
picture
motion picture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US379384A
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English (en)
Inventor
Theodore A Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RCA Corp
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RCA Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL31494D priority Critical patent/NL31494C/xx
Application filed by RCA Corp filed Critical RCA Corp
Priority to US379384A priority patent/US1810188A/en
Priority to DE1930593418D priority patent/DE593418C/de
Priority to FR701306D priority patent/FR701306A/fr
Priority to GB22013/30A priority patent/GB357687A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1810188A publication Critical patent/US1810188A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N3/00—Scanning details of television systems; Combination thereof with generation of supply voltages
    • H04N3/36—Scanning of motion picture films, e.g. for telecine
    • H04N3/38—Scanning of motion picture films, e.g. for telecine with continuously moving film

Definitions

  • the present invention relates-to television systems, and, in particular, to television systems in which the television subject transmitted is a motion picture film, or the like, with or without a sound accompaniment.
  • the frequency band required for television transmission of pictures, motion picture films, and the like is a direct function ofthe number of complete pictures transmitted per second, that is, for example, a transmission of twent -four pictures per second would require a fty percent greater frequency hand than a transmission of sixteen pictures per second, due to the fact that there are eight more complete pictures to be transmitted during the same period of time.
  • a principal object of my invention to rovide a television transmitting system w ich may be adapted fortran'smitting motion pictures by television when speed from record the number of complete television images to be transmitted per second is different from the number of frames on the transmitted film which normally pass the projection aperture or scanning device in the same time period.
  • Still another object of my invention is to provide a method and means by which a mo tion picture film may, in effect, e transmitted over a television transmitter at a reduced which it was originally made to be run, while, at the same time, the sound accompanying the film ma be transmitted at the roper rate' of spee originally produced.
  • Still'other objects of my invention are to provide a system for transmitting by television the action on a'motion picture film, and, also, the sound record accompanying the action, which is relatively simp e in its construction and arrangement of parts, a system which is compact, conveniently installed, easily operated, readily set up, and
  • Fig. 1 represents in a diagrammatic manner one form of apparatus by which the results of my invention may be practiced.
  • Fig. 2 re resents a modified form of arrangement or reducing results similar to those obtained t rough use of the apparatus shown by Fig. 1.
  • a light producing system 1 may be projected on a rotating disk element 2 through any appropriate form of lens system 8 so as to be-concentrated on the disk over a portion thereof including the apertures or lenses arranged in spiral fashion thereon.
  • the disk member 2 I have provided five distinct spiral tracks of apertures or lenses in which each spiral has such a pitch that when light from thefirst and last holes of the series is projected on the motion picture film 4, the vertical distance between the first and last holes of each individual spiral will be equal to the height of one frame of the film. as shown on the film by the lines extending transverse thereto.
  • the number of apertures or lenses (only a few of which are shown on the spiral tracks) contained in each individual. spiral is the same as would he found in any ordinary disk constructed in accordance with the teachings of Nipkow, and this number is, of course, determined and is a direct function of the amount of detail which is desired in the received picture.
  • the disk member 2 containing five spiral tracks, to be hereinafter described in further detail and function, may be rotated by a motor 5. and, if it is assumed that twenty complete pictures per second are to ,be projected at the receiver screen, it will be recognized that the motor 5 should rotate at 1200 revolutions per minute.
  • the rotation of the scanning disk provides a means by which successive apertures or lenses cause a point of light to trace paths across the subject in such manner that the entire subject is traversed and scanned by a series of parallel lines during a single rotation of the scanning disk. Thus, sequential elements of the subject are scanned in a line for line manner.
  • a motion picture film 4 may be continuously fed forward with respect to its drive means at such a rate that twenty-four pictures pass in front of the television scanning system each second in contrast to an intermittent type of film feeder, such as is usually used in motion picture projecting apparatus.
  • the shutter disk 6 I prefer to construct this element of very thin material such as is light and which can be rotated without the need of high power driving devices, and about the periphery of the disk 6, I provide a plurality of specially shaped radial slots 6 which are cut into the surface.
  • Through the gear drive means 21 from the motor shaft to the disk 6, 1 provide an arrangement such that for one complete revolution of the motor shaft the disk element 6 will be rotated or moved downwardly with respect to the five spiral tracks contained upon the disk 2 an amount equal. to one-fifth of the complete spiral pitch of the entire disk 2.
  • the slots on the periphery of the shutter disk 6 are so spaced apart that the distance between spacings is equal to the complete width of holes or apertures on one track of the spiral disk, and the purpose of the shutter 6 is to prevent light from passing through more than one hole, aperture or lens, in the spiral disk at the same time.
  • the next successive slot allows from the first spiral to again pass.
  • a lens system 10 adapted to collect the light rays and project the same upon a photoelectric member or cell ll which then converts the light striking the cathode thereof into electrical energy in well known manner.
  • the photoelectric cell 11 may then be connected in proper and appropriate manner with an amplifying and trans mitting system so as to transmit electrical energy corresponding to the intensity of light and shadow on the motion picture film to any desired point.
  • This transmission may be by wire, radio, or wiredradio systems, and, in general, as to the specific details thereof, forms no specific part of this invention only in so far as the transmission is necessary to accomplish the results desired.
  • a sound head Located above the light projecting system for analyzing each individual frame of the film as regards the intensity of light and shadow portraying the action thereon so as to affect the photo cell 11 proportionately, I have arranged a sound head, generally designated as 12, which consists of a light source 13 light of substantially constant intensity adapted to project the rays issuing therefrom through a lens system 14, and to concentrate this light upon a slit 17 directly adjacent the sound track on the film.
  • a lens system 15 collects the light which passes through the sound track on the film and projects it upon the cathode of a second photoelectric cell 16.
  • the light which strikes the photo cell 16 as projected thereon through the slit 17 is a direct function of the sound intensity recorded on the side of the motion picture film strip.
  • the light striking the photo cell 16 is a function of the density of recording and for high lights on the sound track more current will flow from the photo cell than for low or blackness on the sound track, so that as the film is moved through the sound head sequential elements representing sound may be converted into electrical energy pulses.
  • the photo cell 16 may be connected through any appropriate form of amplifier and transmitter and arranged to modulate transmitted energy in accordance with the current flow therethrough as produced by the light striking the same from the sound record on the film.
  • the transmission of both the television picture, as determined by the scanning due to the disk arrangement 2, and the sound record as produced and translated by the photo cell 16 may be transmitted as two independent transmissions, or, where desired, these two signals may be transmitted simultaneously through the use of transmitting arrangements and systems of the type disclosed and claimed in Patent No. 1,770,205, issued July 8, 1930 to Alfred N. Goldsmith and Juliusweinberger, and also by the system disclosed in my copendin application which was filed jointly with Julius Weinberger and George Rodwin on March 25, 1929, as Serial No. 349,834.
  • the film moves too rapidly upward to transmit only twenty pictures a second, and to compensate for this, the scanning holes move upward also as is provided by the spiral disk arrangement of scanning. If the film is arranged to move upwardly in the directionshown by the arrow at the rate of twentyfour film frames per second, and the light beam moves upward at the rate of four film frames per second, then the resultant velocity of the film relative to the light spot or scanning apertures is twenty frames per second, which is the assumed desired rate of scanning.
  • the spiral on the isk jumps from the centermost hole-to the outermost hole, and this causes one frame on the film to be omitted and the scanning to continue on the next frame.
  • the lens 9 reverses the light motion on the film where it moves from bottom to top, that is, it has an upward velocity until it jumps downward an amount equalto the height of one frame.
  • a modified form of arrangement of the system shown by Fig. 1 has been illustrated, wherein, a system is provided for projecting the light from the light source 1 directly upon the film 4 by means of a lens system 3, and, thus, an image of the film 4 is projected upon the disk 2 by means of the lens system 9.
  • the disk 2 is of similar construction and arrangement to the disk previously described in connection with Fig. 1, and the shutter disk 6 also has a corresponding number of slots to the disk G of Fig. 1, which allows light from only one hole at a time to pass through it, and, likewise similar to the construction shown by Fig. 1, a lens 10 and a photo cell 11 serve purposes similar to those above described.
  • a sound head may be placed above the projection apparatus for projecting the film upon the photo cell so that the-sound record accompanying the film may likewise be transmitted simultaneously with the film.
  • a system for the electrical transmission of motion picture film which includes in combination means for moving a motion picture film at a predetermined constant speed relative to a predetermined point, and means for scanning a lesser number of picture frames of the motion picture film than pass before said predetermined point during a unit time period.
  • a system for the electrical transmission of motion picture film which includes in combination means for moving the motion picture film in a continuous manner past a given point such that a predetermined number of film pictures pass before said point in a unit period of time, and a scanning device for analyzing the picture elements of a number of picture frames of the said motion picture film per unit of time different from the number of said frames passing before said point in the same unit time period.
  • a system for the electrical transmission of motion picture film which includes in combination means for moving the motion picture film relative to a fixed scanning point at a constant speed such that a predetermined number of picture frames pass before the said point in a unit period of time, and a disk and shutter means for analyzing the picture elements of a number of film picture frames per unit of time different from the number passing before said scanning apparatus.
  • a system for the electrical transmission of motion picture film which includes in combination means for moving the motion picture film relative to a fixed scanning point at a constant speed such that a predetermined number of picture frames pass before the said point in a unit period of time, and a multiple spiral rotatable disk and cooperating shutter means for analyzing the picture elements of a number of film picture frames per unit of time different from the number passing before said scanning apparatus.
  • a system for the electrical transmission of motion picture film having a sound accompaniment therewith including in combination a scanningelement adjacent the picture film to be transmitted, means for moving the film in a continuous manner relativeto said scanning element, a light responsive element cooperating with said scanning element, and a shutter element interposed between said scanning element and said light responsive element for causing said scanning element to scan a lesser number of picture frames per unit of time than pass before said scanning element.
  • a system for the electrical transmission of motion picture film having a sound accompaniment therewith which includes in com ination a disk having a plurality of paths of spirally arranged scanning elements thereon for scanning the film, means for rotating said scanning disk at a predetermined speed, means for moving the film in a continuous manner relative to said scanning disk at a predetermined speed, a shutter disk for causing said scanning disk to scan a lesser number of picture frames per unit period of time than pass before said scanning disk, and a sound head for converting recorded sound impulses accompanying said film into electrical impulses at a rate corresponding to the number of picture frames passing said scanning disk in the same Lmit period of time.
  • a system for the electrical transmission of motion picture film having a sound accompaniment therewith which includes in combination a scanning device for scanning the picture elements of the film, means for moving a predetermined number of picture frames of said film per unit time period in a continuous manner relative to said scanning device and said sound head, means for scanning and converting into television signals a lesser number of picture frames than pass said scanning device in the said unit period of time, and a sound head means for converting the film sound accompaniment into electrical energy at a rate corresponding to the number of picture frames moved past the said sound head in the said unit period of time.
  • a system for the electrical transmission of motion picture films which includes in combination a scanning device for scanning the picture film, means for continuously moving the picture film relative to said scanning device at a predetermined number of picture frames per unit period of time. and means providing for the scanning of the individual picture frames of said film in such manner that the number of frames Scanned per unit period of time is unequal to the number of picture frames passing said scanning device in said unit period of time.
  • the method of electrically transmitting motion picture films having a sound accompaniment therewith which comprises converting said sound indications into electrical impulses at a predetermined rate and simulta-neously converting the picture elements of the film into electrical impulses at a lesser relative rate.
  • the method of electrically transmitting motion picture films having a sound accompaniment therewith which comprises analyzing the said sound record at a rate corresponding to a predetermined frame projection rate, and analyzing the picture elements of the film at a rate different from the predetermined frame projection rate.
  • the methodof electrically transmitting motion picture films having asound accompaniment which comprises electrically transmitting the sound accompaniment at a rate commensurate with the sound pitch thereof and simultaneousl transmitting the at a different rate.
  • the method of electrically transmitting motion picture films having a sound accompaniment which comprises electrically transmitting the sound accompaniment at a rate commensurate with the sound pitch thereof and simultaneouslfiyi transmitting the picture elements of the m at a rate less than that commensurate with the sound pitch.
  • sion of motion picture film which includes, in
  • means for moving a motion picture film at a predetermined constant speed relative to a predetermined point means for scanning a number of picture frames of the said motion picture film different from the number of picture frames thereon passing before said predetermined point during a unit time period.
  • a system for the electrical transmission of motion picture film having a sound accompaniment therewith which includes, in combination, means for analyzing the sound accompaniment at a rate corresponding .to a predetermined frame projection rate and means for simultaneously analyzing the picture frame portion at a rate diiferent from said predetermined frame projection rate.
  • a system for the electrical transmission of a motion picture film and a related sound accompaniment which includes, in combination, means for converting the sound accompaniment into electrical energy at a rate corresponding to a predetermined picture frame projection rate, and means for simultaneously converting the picture into electrical energy at a rate different from'the predetermined frame projection rate for sound accompaniment.
  • a system for the electrical transmis sion of motion picture film having a sound accompaniment therewith which includes, in
  • means for converting the sound accompaniment recordings into a series of electrical impulses at a predetermined frame projection rate means for converting the sound accompaniment recordings into a series of electrical impulses at a predetermined frame projection rate, and means forsimultaneously converting the sequential picture elements into a series of electrical impulses at a rate different from the predetermined frame projection rate.
  • a system for the electrical transmission of motionpicture film having a sound accompaniment therewith which includes, in combination, a sound head for converting sequential sound recordings into electrical current impulses, and a scanning device for converting sequential elements of a picture into a series of electrical impulses at a rate different from the predetermined frame projection rate.
  • a system for the electrical transmis sion of motion picture film and a related sound accompaniment which includes, in combination, a sound converting vmeans for converting sequential sound recordings into electrical current impulses at a rate corresponding to a predetermined film projection rate, and a scanning device for converting se quential elements of a picture into a series of electrical impulses at a rate different from the predetermined film frame projection rate.
  • a system for the electrical transmission of motion picture film having sound recordings thereon which includes, in combination, means for moving the motion picture film relative to a fixed point at a constant speed such that a predetermined number of picture frames pass before the midpoint in a unit period of time, a sound head for converting the sound recordings on the film into electric current impulses at a rate corresponding to the rate at which the picture frames pass before said point, and a scanning device for analyzing the picture elements of a number of film picture frames per unit of time different from the number of frames passing said point per unit period of time.
  • a system for the electrical transmission of motion picture film having a sound accompaniment therewith which includes, in combination, means for moving the film in a continuous manner relative to a predetermined point at a predetermined frame pro jection rate, a sound head for converting recorded sound impulses accompanying said film into electrical im ulses at a rate corresponding to the num er of picture frames passing said predetermined point per unit eriod of time, and a rotary scanning element DISOLAI MEIR 1,810,188.-The0d0re A. Smith, Ridgewood, N. J. TELEVISION SYSTEM. Patent dated June 16, 1931. Disclaimer filed March 4, 1937, by the patentee; the assignee, Radio Corporation of America, consenting. Hereby enters this disclaimer to claims 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, l5, 16, 17, 18, and 19 in said specification.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Facsimiles In General (AREA)
  • Details Of Television Scanning (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Optical Record Carriers (AREA)
  • Shutters For Cameras (AREA)
US379384A 1929-07-19 1929-07-19 Television system Expired - Lifetime US1810188A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL31494D NL31494C (en(2012)) 1929-07-19
US379384A US1810188A (en) 1929-07-19 1929-07-19 Television system
DE1930593418D DE593418C (de) 1929-07-19 1930-07-13 Verfahren zur Fernkinematographie, insbesondere zur UEbertragung von Bildtonfilmen
FR701306D FR701306A (fr) 1929-07-19 1930-07-18 Perfectionnements aux systèmes de télévision
GB22013/30A GB357687A (en) 1929-07-19 1930-07-21 Improvements in or relating to television and like systems

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US379384A US1810188A (en) 1929-07-19 1929-07-19 Television system

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Publication Number Publication Date
US1810188A true US1810188A (en) 1931-06-16

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US379384A Expired - Lifetime US1810188A (en) 1929-07-19 1929-07-19 Television system

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US (1) US1810188A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE593418C (en(2012))
FR (1) FR701306A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB357687A (en(2012))
NL (1) NL31494C (en(2012))

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2667812A (en) * 1950-06-09 1954-02-02 William Miller Instr Inc Timing light control for oscillographs and the like

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB475032A (en) * 1936-04-09 1937-11-09 George Edward Condliffe Improvements relating to television systems
DE743667C (de) * 1937-04-12 1943-12-30 Fernseh Gmbh Abtasteinrichtung fuer die Fernsehuebertragung

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2667812A (en) * 1950-06-09 1954-02-02 William Miller Instr Inc Timing light control for oscillographs and the like

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB357687A (en) 1931-10-01
NL31494C (en(2012))
FR701306A (fr) 1931-03-14
DE593418C (de) 1934-02-26

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