US1801702A - Carburetor - Google Patents

Description

April 2l, 1931. T. J. J. wAsLEY CARBURETOR Filed July 13 1928 )SM1/wanton Z9 20 ZZ 22 Patented pr. 241, 193

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE THOMAS J'. J'. WASLEY, OF SANTIAGO, CHILI, ASSIGNOR T0 AUTOMOBILE 1ATENCI.S,`INC.,i

OF NEW YOBCK, Y.

CARBURETOR My present invention has' for its object to provide a carburetor particularly adapted for use in conjunction with hydrocarbon engines which comprises few parts of simple construction so arranged that theV required amount of fuel may be supplied to the air intake leading to the manifold of an engine of given horse-power rating and thoroughly mixed or comingled with the air to form proper explosive mixture.

My invention further comprehends provid-V ing a carburetor which is especially adapted for use in carburizing so called low grade fuel oils and to this end contemplates a structure in which the fuel is introducedinto thev air stream under pressure in a finely Comminuted state which at once facilitates its vaporiV- zation and render its admiXture with the air stream complete as the air and vapor pass onward into the engine manifold. Y

To these and other ends the invention comprises further improvements all as will be further described in the following specication, the novel features being particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Figure 1, is a longitudinal sectional view of the carburetor illustrating one embodiment of my invention.

Figure 2, is a top plan view thereof.

Figure 3, is a plan view of the oil pressure cylinder and the surrounding airY vanes.

Figure 4, is a cross sectional view takenV on the line am 4m of Figure 1,.

Similar reference characters in the similar figures, indicate similar parts.

In a carburetor for hydrocarbon engines and particularly those designed for Vaporizing the cheaper lowgradefuels which it is essential to use where economy in the operation is sought in conjunction with engines of large horse-power operating at slow speed, it is desirable that the fuel shall be delivered to the air column passing to the engine manifold as nearly in the form of a vapor as it is possible to obtain immediately in the vicinity of its point of discharge. This is due somewhat to the necessary restrictions in the size of the air passage and also the measurable time which is required to permit coming 1, forming an air intake passage. Re#

moyably secured to the forward end of the casing is a head or extension 2, which preferably opens at one side of the aXis of the casing, the entrance thereto being, protected" by the perforated cover 3, supporting a fine mesh screening. In the throat of the head is located the usual so-called butterfly valve or throttle 5. The throat formed in the head 2, beyond the throttle flares outwardly as indicated at 6, to the full diameter of the casing 1, to which it is secured by screw threads 7. Attached to the rear end of the casing is a tubular extension 8, which may be in the form of an elbow or otherwise shaped to form a convenient means of attaching the carburetor to the intake manifold 9, of a hydrocarbon engine as will be understood.

Located within the air passage and so arranged as to be preferably'disposed entirely within the casing 1, is a centrally disposed tubular body 10, forming a fuel chamber to which liquid fuel is supplied under pressure in any suitable manner, as indicated by the pressure feed pipe 11. At its forward endV the chamber 10 terminates in a nozzle 12 which points in the direction of the incoming current of air and terminates in ay valve seat 13, the face of which is preferably conical and formed on an angle the plane of which, if continued, will, as indicated by the ar,- rows in Figure 7 impinge against the inner flaring surface of the throat 6, of the` air passage in the inlet head. Fitting within the nozzle 12 is av stem 14, carrying a valve head 15, which cooperates with the seat 13. These parts may, if desired, be connected to a common valveestem, the inner eind ofwhich, as indicated at 16, projects into `the pressure chamber and issurrounded by a springl'?, which normally tends to hold the valve head retracted in the closed position. The other end of the valve stem, indicated by 1 8, is carried to a point exterior of the carburetor' where it will be" accessible for manual manipulation when it is desirable to unseat the valve head 15.

One of the essential features of my invention consists in the proper proportioning of the length of the nozzle 12, and the diameter of the nozzle and the exterior di.A ameter of the stem lll, as I have discovered that by ejecting Huid under pressure. through` a passagecofl appreciable length and which is suiiciently restricted so that it may be caused to be emitted in a nely coinminuted state.

It will be understood that if desired a. carburetor such as I have shown may be designed to provide a vapor discharge of fuel oil constantly in a quantity properly regulated to the requirements which will produce the best eliiciency in an engine of given size when the stem and valve head are adjusted only sutliciently to open the nozzle. It will also be seen that if it is desired to increase the flow of fuel a further outward movement of the stein will uncover more of the. nozzle in rear of the stein thus reducing thelength and area ofthe narow slit making it possible for the pressure in the chamber to expel a larger quantity of oil.

In practice I have discovered that the size of the slit between the interior bore of the nozzle and the surface of the enclosed stem will depend upon the volatility of the fuel oil employed and thenumber of pounds pressure under which it is delivered to the pressure chamber. lower grades of gasoline and kerosene may be` successfully vaporized by the use of a nozzle in which the outlet is 11/2 inches long and thev clearance is as small as from four to eight ten. thousandths of an inch (dependent soniewhat upon the character of the workmanship). lithv heavier fuels the dimensions may vary somewhat and while the lengthl of the.nozzlemayremain the same theclearance shouldbe slightly increased and insoine instances may be as great as twothousandths of an inch. The clearance allowed for the escape of the fuel oil` should. also be regulated with reference to the pressure used and this will be in most cases determined by specialY circumstances. In` practice I have obtained'Y very satisfactory` results with pressures as low as' and 100 pounds per square inch at the fluid chamber.

The fluid pressure chamber is disposed centrally in the air intake passage and it is supported in this position by a series of surrounding radially extending diagonally disposed blades. There are preferably vfour spaced sets of these blades as indicated by 19, 20, 2l and 22the alternate sets being arranged with their blades inclined in the saine direction and these being arranged in rear of the nozzle (considered with reference to thek direction of the flow of air through the intake) constitute a series of bafles, which assist in the vaporization of the fuel oil and t thin fuel. oil such as theA its comingling with the air currents to insure a very thorough carburization before the mixture reaches the intake manifold of the engine,

While I have shown the nozzle as having a circular cross section, as I deeml this form the more practical from the stand point of machiner work, it will, of course, be understood that the cooperating elements may be otherwise constructed. nozzle may be flattened to provide a narrow slit of the proper length to cause the breaking up of the globules of the fuel oil and insure its emission in the desired comminuted condition.

I claim as my invention- In a carburetor, the combination with an exterior casing forming an air passage, of an interior oil pressure chamber centrally disposed in said casing having an elongated nozzlev of Constant inner diameter extending in a direction toward the air intake and pro vided with a valve head, a stem of constant diameter closely fitting the nozzle with such small clearance to cause the emitted liquid fuel toV be comminuted. to. an extremely fine degree of division, a valve headA on the stem cooperating with the valve seat, a spring within the chamber actuating the stem in one directionY to seat the valve head, and pressure means for moving the stem in the opposite direction.

InA testimony whereof7 I have affixed my signature to this specification.

THMAS J. J; VASLEY.

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