US1797287A - Refrigerating machine - Google Patents

Description

March 24, 1931. A. AQKUCHER I 1 1,797,287`

lREFR1G1':1RATING MAQHINE Filed oct, 22. 1921 4 sheets-sheet 1 ATTORNEY March 24, A' A' KUCHER REFRIGERATING MACHINE Filed oct.y 22, 1921' 4 sheets-sheet 2 INVENTOR Andrew/4. //c//er ATTORNEY March 24, 1931. A, A, KUCHER 1,797,287

REFRIGERATING MACHINE Filed Ont. 22, 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet, 4

v INVENTOR ndraw A. w/re/ 63 /07 ATTORNEY Patent-ed Mar. 24,I 193i UNITED ST ras PATENT f crnica ANDREW A. KUCHER, F JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR '.lO WESTINGHOUSE ELEGQBICVGG MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION l0]? PENNSYLVANIA' REFRIGERATING MACHINE My invention relates to refrigerating machines and particularly to relatively small refrigerating machines adapted for household use.

One object of my invention is to provide a device of the above-indicated character that shall have allof the component .parts so constructed and related as to reduce the number and complicity thereof as much as possible,

consistent withefl'ective operation, and that shall facilitate its assembly and inspection to a high degree.

Another object of my invention is to provide a -refrigerating machine that shall comprise a compressor of such character and relation to the other parts of the machine as to ensure effective' and economical operation thereof.

Another object of my invention is to provide a novel lubricating system for a refrigerating machine that shall materially assist in the upkeep and running qualities thereof.

A further object of my invention is to provide a refrigerating machine that shall be quiet in operation.

Heretofore, attempts have been made to provide relatively. small refrigerating machines for household use, but there are many difficulties to the provision of a machine that is sufficiently economical and so otherwise sufficiently desirable as to be in demand by the very great number of probableusers. The greatest of these difficulties has probably been the vquestion of producing a machine that the average user could afford to purchase and operate. Other features, such as effective and quiet operation, facility of inspection and repair by the lay user and continuous satisfac- 4tory service, have been difficult toovercome.

It is the purpose of this invention to overcome the above-mentioned objections, and, while the principle employed is somewhat similar to .that Lof other refrigeratingr machines, the carrying outfofthat principle has been effected in `such manner as to provide a veryeifective and economical device.

In practicing my invention, I provide a refrigerating machine in whichcertain parts,

i0 tively widelyseparated and shut off' from that have heretofore been necessarily rela-- RESSUE each other bybarriers, are so constructed and related as to permit them to be enclosed in a single compartment'or chamber. These parts are also so constructed and related as to re-V duce the space volume occupied thereby to substantially a minimum consistent with veffective operation. Further, certain electric and fluid conductors, leading to the machine from the exterior thereof, are so grouped or disposed in a base member or plate as to eliminate them as factors in removing a cover member that may-hence be readily mounted and removed for inspection and be ymore readily rendered fluid-tight. The above construction, in which the electric and uid conductors are sealed into the base member and the cover member is devoid of openings to the `outer air, assists materially in rendering the machine quiet in operation;

Quiet operation is mainly attained by the v particular construction and disposition of a motor and a compressor, which construction also renders the machine more effective in cating systemv in which the refrigerating fluid and a lubricating fluid circulate through parts of the machine while intermixed, a separator for said fluids, a rotating fluid deflector for the motor and means for evacuating the motor casing, are also features which severally and collectivelyV assist in accomplishing the objects and purposes of the invention.

Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawings is 'a side view, partially in section and partially in elevation,- of a refrigerating machine embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is a detail View, partially in section and partially in elevation, of a valve employed in my invention.

member, a compression valve and a fluid separator forming parts of the invention.

Fig. 5 is a side view of the members show in Fig. 4. Y

Fi ..6 is a view, similar to Fig.=5, of a modifl fied `orm of themembers shown in Fig. 45.-'

VII VIII of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is a view taken along the line' IX-IX in Fig. 8.

The machine comprises, in general, abase member or supporting plate 1 and a cover member or shell 2. providing a condensing chamber 3, an expansion device 5, a compressor 6, an actuating electric motor 7 Afor the compressor, a check valve 8 for the compressor,.an ex ansion valve 9, a cooling coil or tube 10, a uid separator (Figs. 4 and 5), and a float member 12 for controlling the expansion valve 9.

Referrin to Figs. 1 and 3, the base plate 1, that is pre erably of discoidalform and constructed of any suitable material, such as cast iron or aluminum,.is provided, on its u per side, with an annular flan e 14 around w 'ch a-casing 15 of the motor is adapted to it. The flange 14 and the motor casing 15 may be concentrically disposed about the longitudinal axis of the base plate 1 or be 'eccentrically disposed thereon, as shown.

An annular groove 16 of V-shape` in crosssectional areaf and disposed concentrically with the longitudinal axis of the motor 7 in the base plate 1 and a similar groove 17 disposed concentrlcally with the longitudinal axis of the base plate in the upper surface thereof, are adapted to receive packin rings 18 and 19, respectively, -that are pre erably constructed of soft rubber and initially of circular cross-sectional area.

The packing ring 18 is compressed to conform with the, roove 16 by means of screws 21 that extend t rough a flange 22 on the motor casing 15 and :into holes 23 in the base plate to form a Huid-tight connection between the base plate and the motor casing 15. The packing ring'19 is similarly compressed, by means of screws or bolts 25 that extend through a lian e 26 on the cover shell 2 and into openings 2 in the base plate 1, to'form a fiuidroof connection between the base plate and t e cover shell 2. Lugs 29 project from the outer periphery of the base plate 1 and are provided with openings 30 for the reception of screws or bolts 31 for mounting the machine on a refrigerator (not shown), or in any other desired position.

The base plate 1 is furtherV provided with substantially radial bores or openings 32 and 33 that are disposed intermediate the upper and lower surfaces of the plate and are open only to the upper surface of the plate, at their inner ends, by means of taps 34 into which the ends of the'cooling tube 10 are mounted (not shown). The outer end of one of the openings 32 and 33 is adapted to receive a pipe connection from an external source of water, or other cooling medium, and the outer end tral opening in its transverse wall.

provide an outlet for the cooling medium.

An opening 36, extending between the upper and lower faces of the base plate 1, is tapped at its upper end to receive the lower end 37 of the expansion valve 9 and, at its lower end, to receive, by means of a union 40, the intake end 38 of a coiled tube 39 constituting a part of the expansion device 5.

An opening 41, similar to the opening-36, is also provided in the base plate to connect the intake port of the compressor 6, by means of a brass or copper tube 42 and unions 28 and 57, to a brass or copper exhaust or suction terminal tube 43 of the expansion device 5. A radial opening 45, that is provided with a plug 46 at its outer end, intersects the open ing 41 to communicate with an opening or chamber 47 and, through a check valve 48 at the upper end of the latter, to communicate with the interior of the motor casing 15.

The check valve 48 comprises a preferably relatively thin pressed-metal cap 35 press fitted, or otherwise secured, in the upper end of the chamber 47 and provided with a cen- A ball 44 is no'rmally held in position against the transverse Wall, to close the opening 40, by a compression sprin 51 that extends between the ball 44 and the ottom of the chamber 47.

Radial openings 49, in the base plate 1, are

provided for the reception of conducting leads that extend from a current-collecting device 52, cooperating with the motor. 7

to supply the latter with current, to terminal sealing the chamber 3 and are provided with insulating bushings 55 to insulate the rods 53 in spaced relation to the plugs 54. Packing members 56, preferably of soft rubber, are disposed in the plugs 54, around the rods 53 between the bushings 55.

The inner ends of the radial openings 49 communicate with a recess 58 in. the base plate 1, in whichan insulating tube or collar 59 surrounds the conductin recess'58 and the tube 59 are led with a preferably insulating material 60 to prevent the passage of liquids along the leads 50. A rotatable shaft 62, preferably constructed of cold rolled or tool steel, on which a rotatable member 63 (Figs. 7, 8 and 9) lof the compressor 6 and the armature 64 of the motor 7 is mounted, has a lower end portion 65, of reduced diameter, that is ositioned in an opening 66 in aboss 67 on t e upper surface ofthe base plate 1. A thrust bearing 69 for the shaft 62 comprises a washer or collar 70 secured to the shaft, as by screw-threading, a loose or floating collar 71 disposed between the collar and the boss 67 and a lubricant cup 72 adapted to maintain the lubricant' leads 50. The

incassa' level above the bearing surfaces of the collars 470 and 71.

An annular laminated field magnet structure 74, supporting a field winding 75, is

preferably ress fitted in position against,

and spaced rom the inner walls of the motor casing 15 by, a plurality of vertical ribs 77 that are integral with the motorl casing. The field windin 75 is impregnated or embedded in a body o insulating material 76, such as' pressor 6, to which the latter is secured, as by v screws 79, and a downwardly projecting bearing portion 81 for the shaft 62. A packing ring 82`is held in position around the*` shaft 62 by means of a ring 83 and screws 84 that extend through the rings 83 Ainto the lower portion of the bearing portion 81.

A member 85, of substantially cup-shape, is

i secured to the shaft 62 beneath the bearing portion 81 and is formed to throw off or defiect any fiuid thatmay escape from thecompressor 6 along the shaft 62 and below the packing ring 82. When thus thrown off or deflected, thefluid will pass between the ribs 77 and the outer perimeter of the field magnet-structure 74 to the bottom of the motor casing 15.

As more clearly shown in Figs. 7, 8 and 9,l

t-he compressor 6 comprises an outer cylindrical member or casing 87, o f any sultable materlal such as cast iron, brass or aluminum,

having a screw-threaded inlet port portion '88 to which the tube y42 is connected, as by preferably brass cooperatively threaded cou` pling members 89 and 90, and a similar outlet port portion 91, longitudinally offset with respect to the inlet port 88, to which the check Valve 8 is connected. The inner sur-- face of the cylindrical member 87 is provided with longitudinally offset peripheral or arcue ate grooves 94 and 95, which intercept the in let and outlet ports 88 and 91', respectively,

and extend for predetermined distances, to be hereinafter explained, on either side of the port-s.

A second cylindrical member or'rotor shell 97, preferably constructed of tool steel and closely fitting the bore ofthe casing 87, is provided with oppositely-disposed longitudinally-offset ports 99 and 100 that, respectively, communicate with the grooves 94 and 95 at their outer ends andVwi'th the intedriorof the'rotor shell 97 at their inner ends.

' The rotor or drum `63, preferably of steel, is concentrically mounted, as by a key103, on the shaft 62 and, with the latter,I is eccentrically related to the cylinder member 97. Radial slots 105i'n the rotor- 102 are, adapted to receive radially slidable'partition or blade members 107 and 108, preferably r'ofi'luron through openings 115, at the bottoms of the y slot-s 105, and through openings 116 in the shaft 62, into proximate relation to the inner c edges of the blades 107 and 108. SpringsllS surround the rods 114, in the openings 115 and 116, and exert outwardwpressure against the blades 107 and 108, the latter of which is rounded at its outer edge to slidably engage the inner surface of the cylinder member 97. In operating the compressor 6, the shaft 62, the rotor 102 and the cylinder member 97 are simultaneously rotated in the direction shown by the arrow 120. As clearly shown in Figs.'7, 8 and 9, gases enter through the inlet port 88, groove 94 and port 99 into thechamber B during the period in which the chamber is increasing in its volumetric capacity. Shortly after the port 99 has passed the end of the groove 94, the port 100 of the chamber B communicates' with the groove 95 and permits the gases to be forced, during the period in which its volumetric capacity is decreasing, from the chamber B, into the outlet port 91. The twoy chambers A and B operate in opposite phases, so that when cham-A ber A is receiving gases, through the port 88, the chamber B is discharging gases through the port 91, and vice versa. l

The check valve 8, Figs. 1 and 2, com- 'prises a preferably cast brass member of' substantially T-shape, that is drilled to tubular form, having a screw-threaded central leg or portion 124 for mounting in the eX- haust port portion 91 and a cross or T-head portion 125 having ground valve seat por.- tions 126- of substantially frustro-conical shape. Valve members 128, having portions 129 conforming to the seat portions 126, are v also provided with'apertured inwardly-projecting portions 130 between which a tension spring 131 is connected to hold the'valve eration of the compressor andof the check valve provide a quietly operating compressor device'that is very powerful and eicient, as well as -du'rab'leand compact, which cooperates with the other parts of the machine in a manner to be hereinafter described.

The condensing chamber 3 contains a quantity of lubricating fiuid132, such as glyc! crine, and, above the latter, a quantity of refri rating iiuid 133, such as ethyl chloride, whlch, by reason of the respective specific gravities thereof, assume the levels indicated in Figs. 1 and 5. f The float member 12 comprises a tubular, preferably brass, member 135 of substantially ring-shape that is so formed. that it may conveniently surround the motor casing 7kto economize space and to provide sufficient buoyancy or .lifting power to actuate the expahsion'valve 9. The float member 135 is connected to the valve 9 by a referably sheet" brass member 137 that is 'Bent to constitute a lever arm having one end l 138 secured in position in a sealed slot 139 in the float tube 135. `Side portions 140, on

the member 137, are adapted to receive a pin 141 that is supported in an arm 142 integrally formed on the valve 9 anda pin 144 that` passes through a valve stem 145 in the valve 9. i The valvey stem operates in a chamber or bore 146 of the valve to open and close a passage 147 therein,l in accordance with the position of the float member 135.

The vfluid-separator device 11, Figs. 4 and 5, comprises a preferably brass or copper tube 150 bent into vertical convolutions and into substantially arcuate form, as viewed from above. The tube 150 has an intake or overflow end151, open at the top, and an end 152 fitted in and secured, as by a solder 'oint, to a tubular projection 153 that may e integral with the expansion valve 9. The upper bent portions 155 of the convolute tube 150 are preferably disposed slightly above the refrigerant level and are provided with openings 156 'to equalize the pressures inside and outside of the tube. Vertically depending tubes- 157, of different lengths, communicate', at their upper ends, with the lower bent portions 158 of the tube 150 and, at their lower ends, with a tube- 159. The lower bent portions 158 of the tube 150 are disposed above the lubricantlevel. The tube 159 connects with the first lower bent portion 158, adjacent to the Valve 9, ata position slightly below the lubricant level and is inclined downwardly from that position to an open latter has a bent pdrtion 169 from which the tube 168 extends tothe lower end 170 thereof below the lubricant level.

A space 171 between the upper end of the shaft 62 and the opening 165 serves as a lvacuum sides or chambers.

lubricant-receiving chamber, from which ini tersecting transverse and longitudinal open ings or passages 172 and 17 3, respectively, extend to the interior of the casing 87.' By reason of the pressure exertedontheliquids in the condensing chamber, small quantities of the lubricant are forced or driven upwardly through the tube 168 and throu h the opening 165 to the chamber 171 in t e bearing 164, and through the passa es 17 2 and 173 to the interior o the casing 8 of the compressor to a -position therein Whereat there is no counter pressure. This operation serves to keep the compressor well lubricated and to seal the same between its pressure and with flanges 17 8. The members 176 and 177 are held together and a packing ring or gas-11 ket 179 is compressed between the flanges 178 by bolts 180 which extendl through the flanges 17 8 and are provided with nuts 181. The upper member 176 ofthe dome 17 5 is provided with an interiorly-threaded hollow. boss or collarA 183, into which one end of a member 184 of substantially T-shape is fitted. The member 184 has a bore 185 and a lateral tubular leg or portion 186 into which the tube 43 is fitted to provide communication beta` tween Athe bulb 175 and the intake port 88 of the compressor 6.

The member 184 may be provided with a solid exteriorly-threaded upper end portion 188 for dispositionin a cooperativel -threaded opening 189 in the under side o the base plate `1 to support the expansion device 5.

The tube 39, of which the upper end 38 communicates with the expansion valve 9 through the opening 36 in the base platel, is hellc'ally coiled around the dome 17 5 and is connected, at its other end 191, to a hollow boss 192 at the lower end of the dome 17 5.

In operation, when the motor 7 is energized to actuate the compressor 6, the refrigerating fluid is drawn in gaseous form from the bulb 17 5, through the member 184, the tube 143, the opening 41 in the 'base plate 1, the tubeV 42 and the intakeport 88 of the compressor to one of the chambers A and B in the latter and is compressed, as hereinbefore described. Being forced through the check valve- 8 and into the condensing chamber 3, the latter is subjected to a relatively high pressure which is transmitted to the liquid refrigerant 133 and to the liquid lubricant 132 at the bottom of the chamber 3. The cooling medium circulating through the coiled tube 10, as hereinbefore described, absorbs heat from the gaseous refrigerant and causes the same'to condense into liquid` form, which liquid descends to the liquid refrigerant above the lubricant at the bottom of the chamber 3.

This condensing action causes the liquid level in the chamber 3 to rise and to thereby raise the float ring 135. When the float ring 135 is raised, it causes the Valve stem 9 to open the passage 147 to permit the refrigerant, under pressure from the chamber 3, to pass into the tube 39.r When a quantity of the refrigerant has been thus released, it causes a general `movement of the liquid in the chamber 3 toward the valve 9.

Normally, there is adistinct line of separation between the-.refrigerant 133 and the lubricant 132, at the 'bottom of the condensing chamber 3, but, however, very small particles or globules of the lubricant, which may be carried by the refrigerant for a short time, 82

may become suspended in the refrigerant. If not separated from the refrigerant, these particles of lubricant would cause the settlement of an appreciable quantity of the lubricant at the bottom of the expansion device 5. Thus, the refrigerating liquid carrying the particles of lubricant, must pass through the separator 11 before being admitted to the valve 9. Entering the open end 151 ofthe necessary to sufficient-ly separate out the particles of lubricating iuid from the refrigerating fluid.'

As above described, 'nothing but substan-y tially pure refrigerating liquid may pass into the valve 9.

Repeated cycles of the above-described operation occur during the operation of the machine to supplythe expansion device 5 with compressed refrigerant which, when it is released by thev valve 9, 4expands and passes through the tube 39 and into the dome 175. The expansion of the refrigerant in the tube 139 and the bulbs 175 causes an absorption of heat from the medium surrounding these members and, hence, a thick gathering of frost thereon. During the above-describedl refrigerating operation,

lubricating liquid is forced through the tube 168 to lubricate the compressor. Portions of the lubricant, thus forced to the compressor, are forced outwardly through the check valve 8 to be returned to the lnain body 135 of the lubricating material. Other portions of the lubricant, `that a-re conducted to the, compressor through the tube 168, pass into the bearing portion 81 at the upper end of the motor 7 and, fromthe bearing portion 81, through a passage 190'in the shaft 62, to the vlubricant cup 72 of thethrust bearing 69.

The passage 190,.in the shaft 62, has a relatively short helical portion or groove 193 in the outer surface of the shaft above the packing ring 82. The shaft is machined oill at a portion 194 to provide a diagonal shoulder 195 through which, and through the shaft 92 to a position below the packing ring 82, a

diagonal hole 196 is drilled. The hole 196 communicates, at its lower end, with a side slot 197, similar to a key-way, that extends to the thrust bearing 69. e arrangement serves to lubricate the bearings 81 and 69 and to conduct the lubricant from a position above to a position below the packing ring While the packing rin 82 is provided to retard,l.or to prevent as far as possible, the lubricating and refrigerating liquids passing into the motor casing 15, should any appreciable amount of the liquids so pass into the motor casing, it will descend to the deector member 85. The rotation of the delector vmember 85 causes the liquids therein to be thrown against the inner walls of the mot-or casing 15, above the field and armature structures thereof, from which position the liquids pass between the ribs 77 and the outer perimeter of the field magnet structure 74 to the bottom of the motor casing, which is formed by a portion of the base plate 1. Since this portion of the motor casing communicates, through the check `valve 48 and the passages 47 and 45 in the base plate 1,

with the tube 42 that is connected to the intake port of the compressor 6, any liquid deposited at the bottom of the motor casing will be drawn from the motor casing and conducted to the compressor. In the compressor,

this fluid joins the other fluids to again pass through one of the fluid-How cycles, as described.

When operation of the machine is stopped, the refrigerant in the expansion device 5 continues to form gas which ultimately destroysv the vacuum in the expansion device and bu-ilds up a slight'pressure. This pressure is prevented from forcing the refrigerant into the motor casing 15 by the check valve 48, the ball 44 of which is forced against the opening 40. The check valve A48 thus readily permits the egress of iiuids from the mo'- tor casing, during the vacuum action, but Y prevents the assagle of liuids into the motor casing theret roug Heretofore, it has been usual to place a check valve at the inlet port of compressors and to have the outlet port freely communi` yeating with the compression chamber, so that the pressure in the compression chamber acted against the compressor.

By placing the check valve in the outle port, the above objection is eliminated and the compressor rendered more effective.

The operation of the device is preferably started and stopped automatically, depend- \therein contained, and the term ing' upon the temperature of thel medium which it is desired to cool, by any suitable means (not shown), forming no part of this invention.

As shown in Fig. 6, in which similar parts are designated by similar reference characters, another form of the separator 11 is adapted for separating a lubricant that is of less specific v gravity than the refrigerating medium, by having its open or intake end 151 at a lower portion thereof rather than at an upper portion, as in the forms.v

shown in Figs. 4 and 5.

In this form of the separator 11, the tube 159, instead of extendin from the bottom of the tube 150, extends rom the upper side thereof to a position adjacent to the upper level of the lubricant.

The machine is compact, quiet and effective in operation, economical to manufacture and has many other features which render it par.

Ifrom the spirit and scope thereof, as set forth in the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

' 1. In a refrigerating machine in which a refrigerant iuid is successively vaporized, compressed and condensed in a repeating cycle, the combination with a chamber in which a chan e of state of the refrigerant fluid is effecte, of a compressor and actuating motor therefor enclosed within said chamber disposed in a lower portion of the chamber so that the heat ofthe motor is dissipated at least in part through the intermediary ofthe condensed refrigerant.

2. In a refrigerating machine in which a refrigerant iSv/vaporized, compressed and condensed in a repeating cycle, in combination, an expansion chamber, acondensing chamber, means for delivering condensed refrigerant from the condensing chamber to the expansion chamber, means including a compressor for withdrawing expanded refri erant from the expansion chamber and delivering it to the condensing chamber, and a motor for actuating said compressor, said motor being enclosed in a lower portion of one of the said chambers so that the heat ofthe motor is dissipated at least in part -through'the intermediary-of the condensed refrigerant.

3. In a refrigerating machine in which a refrigerant iuld is successively vaporized, compressed and condensed in a repeating cycle, the combination witha chamber in which, a change of state of the refrigerant uid is effected, of a compressor and an actuating motor therefor enclosed within said chamber in osition to be at least partially surrounded y condensed refrigerant when in operation in order that the heat generated in the motor may be dissipated, at least in part, through the cooling action of the condensed refr-1 erant.

4. In a re rigerating machine in which a refrigerant fluld is vaporized, compressed and condensed, the combination with a chamber in which a change of state of the refrigerant fluid is eiected and comprising a base member, of a motor mounted upon the base member and disposed within a lower portion of the chamber so that the heat of the motor is-dissipated at least'in part through the intermedlary of the condensed refrigerant, and

a compressor within the chamber actuated by the motor.

5. In a refrigerating machine in which a refrigerant iuid is vaporized, compressed and condensed, the combination with a gen- 'erally cylindrical chamber in which a change' of state of the refrigerant fluid is eiected,.of a rotary compressor, a rotary actuating motor for said compressor, said motor and said compressor being disposed in adjacent endto-end relation within said chamber, the axes of the compressor and motor extending in the irection of the axis of the cylindrical cham- 6. In a refri erating machine in which a refrigerant fluld is vaporized, compressed and condensed, in combination, an expansion chamber, a condensing chamber, means for delivering refrigerant from the condensing chamber to the expansion chamber, means includin a compressor for withdrawing expande refri erant from, the expansion chamber and elivering it to the condensing chamber, a motor for actuating said compix/essor disposed inside the condensing chamr, and a tube throu h which a cooling Huid is circulated in eiigective cooling prox: imity to a portion of the motor.

7. In a refri rating machine in which a refrigerant fluld is va orized, compressed and condensed, the com ination with a condensing chamber, 'of a compressor and actu atin motor therefor disposed inside the condensing chamber, and a tube throu h which a cooling uid is circulated coile around and in effective cooling proximity to portions of the motor and of the compressor.

8. In a refrigerating machine in which a refrigerant iiuid is successively vaporized, compressed and condensed in a repeating cycle, the combination with a chamber in which a change of state of the refrlgerant fluid is effected, of a motor disposed Within said chamber and comprising a substantially fluid tight housing for the operating parts of said motor. I

9. In a refrigerating machine in which a refrigerant fluid is vaporized, compressed and condensed, the combination with a chamber in which a' change of state of the refrigerant fluid is effected, of a motor disposed Within said chamber and comprising a substantially fluid tight housing for the operatlng parts of said motor, and a fluid-proof protective covering of insulating material impervious to the refrigerant fluid for portions of the operating parts of said motor. 10. In a refrigerating machine in which a refrigerant fluid is vaporized, compressed and condensed, the combination with a chamber in Whicha change of state of the refrigerant fluid is effected, of a motor Within the said Chamber having a substantially totally closed casing, and means constituting a fluid Withdrawal pathvextending between the inerior of the said casing and the said cham- 11. In a refrigerating machine in which a refrigerant fluid is vaporized, compressed and condensed,l the combination with ay chamber in which a change of state of the refrigerant fluid is effected, of a motor Within the said chamber having a substantially totally closed casing, and means operated by the motor for evacuating the casing of the motor.

12. In a refrigerating machine in Which a refrigerant fluid is vaporized, compressed and condensed, the combination With a chamber in which a change'of-state of the refrigerant fiuid is effected, of a motor Within thevsaid chamber having a substantially totally closed casing, a periodically operated means for le'vacuating the casing of the motor, and

means for preventing the ingress of fluid to the casing of the motor when the evacuating means is not in operation.

13. In a refrigerating machine in Which a refrigerant fluid is vaporized, compressedA and condensed, the 'combination with a chamber 1n Which a change of state of the refrigerant fluid is effected, of a motor Within the said chamber having a substantially totally closed casing, and a compressor actuated by the motor and connected tothe motor casing for evacuating said casing.

In a refrigerating machine in 'which a refrigerant fiuid is vaporized, compressed and condensed,in combination, afcondensing chamber, ,an expansionchamber, a kmotor and a compressor, Aa.fluid.tig ht casing enclosing the motor andcompressor, partition'means dividing the casing into a compartment for the Amotor and afcompartment for the compressor,and means connecting the compressor with the motor compartment and with the expansion chamber,v for .evacuating both the motor compartment and the expansion chamber.

15. In a refrigerating machine in which a' refrigerant fluid 'is vaporized, compressed and condensed, the combination with a chamber in which a change of state of the refrigerant fluid is e1fected,of a compressor and actuating motor therefor enclosed Within said chamber, said motor comprising a substantially closed housing for the operating parts of the motor, drive shaft means for said compressor and motor, and a. deflector to protect the interior parts of the motor from contact with liquids entering into the said i housing about said shaft means.

16. In a.y refrigerating machine in'which a refrigerant fluid is vaporized, compressed and condensed, the combination With acompressor and a chamberin which a change of state of the refrigerant fluid is effected, the chamber comprislng avbase member., of an soA electric motor for actuating said compressor and condensed, the combination with a com pressor and a chamber in which a change of state of the refrigerant Huid is effected, the

chamber comprising a base member, of-an Y -electric motor for actuating said compressor disposed within said chamber and comprising a substantially fluid-tight casing mounted upon said base member, and means extending longitudinally and laterally through the base member for conducting energy to the motor. Y 18. In a refrigerating machine in which a refrigerating Huid is vaporized, compressed and condensed, the combination with a condensing chamber and comprising a base member, of a compressor and actuating motor therefor disposed inside the condensing chamber, a tube for circulating cooling Huid in said chamber, and means constituting a fluid-conducting passage from the exterior of the chamber laterally through the base member to said tube."

V19. In a refrigerating machine in which a refrigerant fluid is vaporized, compressed and condensed, a condensing chamber, an expansion chamber, a' compressor comprising a casing member, and a motor for actuating the compressor and -comfnising av casin.g,fthe casing of the motorconstituting a.-clos ure for the casing .of the compressor.

20. In a refrigerating machine' in whicherefrigerant yfluid is vaporized,- -compressed. andV condensed, the combination-with a chamber in which a changefof state of the refrigerant yfiuid lis effected,` of endfto-endy connected rotary4 motor and rotary comlout substantial presser Within said chamber, the compressor eing mounted upon said motor, and the said chamber including a walll upon which the motor is supported.

21. In a refrigerating machine, in combination, a condensing` chamber having a plurality of non-miscible liquids therein lying in substantially segregated layers, an expansion chamber, means constituting a communicating passage between one. of said liquid layers and` the expansion chamber, and means within the condensing chamber constituting a liquid Withdrawal path connected to said passage for separating out substantially all trace of other liquid, in order that said first -liquid only may pass into the expansion chamber.

22. In a refrigerating machine, in combination, a condensing chamber having a refrigerant liquid 'and a liquid lubricant of a different specific gravity therein, an expansion chamber, means constituting a communieating passage between the condensing and the expansion-chambers and disposed to withdraw the refrigerant liquid from the condensing. chamber into the expansion chamber, and means within the condensing chamber constituting a fluid withdrawal path connected to lsaid assage means for separating all trace of said lubricant, in order that sald refrigerant only may pass into the expansion chamber.

23. In arefrigerating machine in which a refrigerant iuid is vaporized, compressed and condensed, the combination with a condensingchamber having a body of liquid lubricant therein, of a compressor disposed within the chamber above the lubricant level, and means for conducting portions of lubricant to the compressor.

24. In a refrigerating machine of the compression-expansion type, the combination with a condensing chamber having a body of lubricant therein, of a motor within the chamber having a substantially closed casing, a compressor actuated by the motor` and connected to the motor casing for evacuating.

said casing, means 4dependent upon the pressures within saidlchamber and said casing for conducting lubricant to the compressor and motor bearings, and means permitting the excess lubricant to be withdrawn to the compressor through said motor casing evacuation means.v

25. In a refrigerating machine of the compression-expansion type, the combination with a condensing chamber having a body of lubricant therein, of a motor within the chamber having a substantially closed casing, a vertically disposed shaft adapted for rotation in upper and lower bearings of the motor, a compressor actuated by the motor and connected to the motor casing for evacuating said casing, means dependent upon the pressures within said chamber and said casing for refrigerant` Huid is vaporized, conpressed and condensed, the combination comprising a condensing chamber,a compressor and motor disposed within said chamber and means for deilecting liquids from the operating parts of said motor.

27. A refrigerating machine in which a re-V I frigerant fluid is vaporized, compressed and condensed, including a condensing chamber comprising a casing member, a compressor comprising a casing member, and a motor for actuating the compressor and comprising a casing, the casing of the motor constituting a closure'for the casing of the compressor and the casing ofthe condensing chamberconstituting a closure for the casing of the motor. 28. In a refrigerating machlne in which a refrigerant uid is vaporized, compressed and condensed, the combination with an evaporator, and a condenser, of a motor anda compressor, a Huid-tight casing enclosin the motor and compressor, a partition wal forming with the casing a compartment for the compressor and a compartment for the motor, and means for evacuating the motor compartment. 29. In a refrigerating chamber in which a refrigerant fluid is vaporized, compressed and condensed, the combination with a chamber in which a change of state of the refrigerant fluid is effected, of a motor adjacent said chamber and having a casing, means for evacuating the casing of the motor and means for preventing the ingress of uid to the cas'- ing of the motor when the evacuating means is not in `operation. 30. In a refrigerating apparatus in which a refrigerant is successively vaporized, compressed and condensed in a repeating cycle, the combination with a chamber in which a change of state of the refrigerant Huid is `ef .viding with the casing a compartment for the motor and a compartment for the compressor, means in the partition for permitting the passage of gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator to the compressor, and means permitting the evacuation of the motor compartment through the first namedmeans.v

32. In a refrigerating apparatus, in combination a condenser, an evaporator, a compressor, motor for driving the compressor, a fluid-tight casing entirely enclosing both the motor and compressor, a partition providing with the casing a compartment for the motor and v a compartment for thc compressor, means in the partition extending substantially transversely of the axis vof the partition for permitting the passage of gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator to the compressor, and means connecting the motor compartmentl with the transverse meansv whereby to permit evacuation of the motor compartment through said transverse means.

33. In a refrigerating apparatus, in combination a condenser, an evaporator, a compressor, motor for driving the compressor, a fluid-tight casing entirely .enclosing both the motor and compressor, a partition providing with the casing a compartment for the motor and a compartment for the compressor, a conduit extending substantially'transversely of the axis of the partition for permitting the passage of gaseous refrigerant from the evaporator to the compressor, and a conduit connecting the motor compartment with the tranverse conduit.

34. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination of an evaporator, a condenser, a y lcompressor, a motor for driving the compressor, a Huid-tight casing entirely enclosing both the motor and the compressor,'and par tition means provided in the casing and forming with the casing a' compartment for housing the motor and a second compartment for both housing the compressor and for storing lubricant and compressed refrigerant.

35. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination of an evaporator, a condenser, a

compressor, a motor for driving the compres-V sor, a duid-tight casing entirely enclosing both the motor and the compressor, and partition means provided in the casing and forming with the casing a compartment for housing the motor and acompartment for housing the compressor, means connecting the intake port of the compressor with the motor compartment and means connecting the outlet port of the compressor to the compressor compartment.

36. In a rerigerating apparatus, the combination of an eva orator, a condenser, a comv pressor, a motor or driving the compressor,

a fluid-tight casing entirely enclosing both the motor and the compressor, and partition means provided in the casing and forming 37. Ina refrigerating apparatus, the combination of an evaporator, a condenser, a compressor, a motor for driving the compressor, a Huid-tight casing entirely enclosing both the motor and the compressor, and partition means provided in the casing and forming with the casing a compartment for housing the motor and a .compartment for housing the compressor, and means permitting communication between the high and low pressure compartments only while the compressor is operating.

38. A refrigerating apparatus, comprising a closed casing, a partition wall dividing the casing into a suction chamber and a pressure chamber, a compressor in said casing and a driving motor therefor disposedin the suction chamber. l

39. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination oit' condensing means, evaporating means, a compressor, a motor for driving the compressor, a hermetically sealed casing enclosing the motor and the compressor, partition means dividing the casing into a motor compartment and a compressor compartment, communicating means provided between theoutlet of the compressor and the compressor compartment, and communicating means provided between the inlet of the compressor and the motor compartment, whereby the suction and discharge pressures of the compressor prevail in the motor compartment and thecompressor compartment, respectively.

40. In a refrigerating apparatus, the combination of an evaporator, a condenser, a y

compressor, a motor for driving the compressor, a fluid-tight casing enclosing both the motor and the compressor,A a wall member provided in the casing and dividing the same into a motor compartment and a com--` pressor compartment, and passageway means yfor providing communication between the ANDREW A. KUCHER.

with the casing a high pressure compartment and a low pressure compartment, the compressor located in the high pressure compart ment, the motor located in the low pressure compartment, and means permitting evacuation of the low pressure compartment through the compressor to the high pressure conpartment, when the compressor is operate

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