US1795887A - Machine for the reproduction of sculpture - Google Patents

Description

March 10, 1931. E. QUATTROCCHI 1,795,881

MACHINE FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF SCULPTURE Filed Jan. 25. 5 4.Shets-Sheet 1 //7 Vania/ His Azgarngp.

E. QUATTROCCHI MACHINE FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF SCULPTURE March 10, 1931.-

4 sheets-sne't 2 Filed Jan. 25 1928 March 10, 1931- E. QUATTROCCHI MACHINE FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF SCULPTURE Filed Jan. 25 1923 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 March 10, 1931. E. QUATTROCCHI MACHINE FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF SCULPTURE Filed Jan. 25, 192 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 .Zl QzzaZZwacclzz' I fire/H107 I I V '1 Patented Mar. 10, 1931 UNITED STATES EDMONDO QUATTROCGHI, F PARIS, FRANCE MACHINE FOR THE REPRODUCTION OF SCULPTURE Application filed January 25, 1928, Serial .No. 249,483, 'andin France .Tune 17, 1926.

.My invention, whichconstitutes a continuation in part of my co-pending application, Serial Number 171,335, filed February 26, 1927, now Patent No. 1,776,041, Sept. 16, 1930,

' has for its object a machine for the reproduction of sculpture, which is chieflycharacterized by the fact that it allows in a very easy manner'the locating and placing of points on the block in, which the model is to be reprom duced, these points after the removal of the material in excess from the block, being rigorously situated upon the surface of the block.

Another object of my invention is to provide for such amachine, the construction of which is particularly adapted for the execution of heavy pieces of sculpture at a different scale. 7

In my said machine, two needles are provided for, the one of which is adapted to touch certain points on the surface of the model and the other to indicate corresponding points on the block.

This latter needle is so mounted in its support that it may slide therein and is provided 5 with an abutment piece cooperating with a fixed point of said support, whilst the needle which touches the model is stationary in its respective support.

The special mounting of the needle adapt- 36 ed to touch the block allows the obtaining of a precise indication of the thickness of the material to be removed or cut away. When said material has been removed, there still remains a reserve or allowance of a fraction 5 of an inch before finally reaching the desired surface. This operation is generally called the blocking in of the work.

The final setting of the points is then performed by substituting the needle adapted to touch the block by a drilling tool which is rotated by an electricor other motor and which cooperates with the needle touching the model.

Said drilling tool serves to bore in the reserved thickness of material, holes which correspond to desired points of the model and the bottoms of which are situated exactly upon the definite surface of the reproduced piece of sculpture. so It is obvious that,-without departing from the spirit of my invention, I may also employ a drilling tool performing both the blockin in operation of the block and the setting o points on the same. 3 v

For this purpose, the said drilling tool is first mounted in a slidable manner in its sup port and is provided with an abutment piece which is like that referred to for the second needle and which serves, in cooperation with a fixed point of the support of the drilling tool, to indicate the thickness of the material to be removed or cut away for the blocking in of the block.

When the said blocking in operation is achieved, the drilling tool is then secured in its support and serves as above explained, to bore the holes corresponding to the points which it is desired to transfer from the model to the block.

The advantage of this invention is the '70 great saving of time in setting points as compared with the known method generally called the three compass system.

The machine which serves to illustrate the invention, is of a very strong construction so 7.5 as to avoid all vibrations during the operation of said machine. In fact, due to the considerableratio between the scales of the model and of the desired reproduction re spectively, the slightest mistake would be am- 30 plified in a considerable number of times and the work would be very imperfect, which could not be permitted. I

The appended drawings show, by way of example, an embodiment of a machine, which among many others, may be employed for carrying out the invention.

Fig. 1 is an elevational view of the machine.

Fig. 2 is a corresponding plan view.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section 011 the line 33 ofFig.1.. I

Fig. 4 is an elevational view of a detail. I,

Fig. 5 is a partial-cross section on the line 55 of Fig. 2-. i V

Fig. 6 is a partial cross section on the line 66 of Fig.

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic view of amodi fication.

Fig. 8 is a view analogous to Fig.6 show-,

ing the drilling tool.

, 62 having suitable recess in which are respec tively disposed eight rollers 63 which are mounted in pairs on the axles 64 and roll upon the rails for the lengthwise motion of the stocks in either direction.

This lengthwise displacement of the stocks, which varies for each stock, according to the scale adopted, due to their connection with the pantograph, which will be further described, is controlled by the stock carrying the original statue, by means of a crank or a hand wheel (not shown) secured to one of the axles 64 to which is keyed one of a pair of rollers 63 carrying at its periphery a toothed ring 65 in gear engagement with a rack 66 secured to the web of the corresponding rail 60.

The upper part of the base 62 comprises an inclined roller race coacting with a set of tapered rollers 67 mounted at one end of suitable axles 68 whose other end is fixed in a member 69 which is partially inserted into a circular recess in the base 62.

The stocks 70 rest upon the base through the medium of the said rollers 67 said stocks serve to hold the original statue and the said block of material, respectively. To this effect, the base of each stock 70 carries an inclined roller race coacting with the roller race of the base 62, for use with the rollers 67, as well as a circular recess in which is slidable the outer portion of the members 69. In a recess formed on the periphery of the stock is secured a ring-shaped piece 7 1, made in two parts, provided with worm teeth coacting with the worm 9 mounted on the shaft 7 so that in actuating the hand wheel 8, the two stocks 70 will turn through equal angles. The parts 70 and 62 are connected together by a bolt 72 whose nut 73 is so formed as to constitute a forked holder supporting an axle 74 upon which is pivoted the corresponding flat arm or ruler of the pantograph' The said pantograph is of the Collas type, and it'comprises an arm 7 5 which is pivoted at 76 to the support of the said bar, which support isfixed with reference to the rails, as well as tworulers 7 7 and 78 which are pivoted at one end to the axles 74 of the stocks. Due to this arrangement of the pantograph,

it is necessary to provide a trench 7 9 in the ground in which it is free to move.

The arm 7 5 is graduated and carries two slides 80 and 81 which are provided with vernier apertures and to which are pivoted the respective rulers 77 and 7 8; these latter, which are of the telescoping type, are also graduated and may be clamped at the proper length, which depends upon the scale to be employed, by means of the clamping devices 82.

The support of thebar carrying the needles consists of two main parts 83 and 84; the part 83 which is slidable lengthwise upon the rails 60, is held in position for thewhole duration of a given reproducing operation, and is so disposed that the second part 84 will be vertically slidable therein and may be held at any desired height.

At the end of the member 84 is a'flat part on which is mounted a bearing 85 supporting a tapered shaft 86 which is rotatable t ierein; this shaft 86 ends in a fork 87 whose branches are provided with screws 88 forming pivots for two arms 89 of a suitable member (Fig. 4) which may be termed a pivot-' ing member and which is accurately centered in the fork 87. The other two arms 89" of the said pivoting member are bored upon their whole length for the insertion of. a rod 90 supporting the bar 91 carrying the needles.

The bearing 85 is not directly secured to the flat part of the support 84, but it is mounted on a device consisting of two slides which are longitudinally and transversely slidable on the rails 60 in such manner that, according to the conditions required for the proper execution of the reproducing work, the center of the pivoting member 89 may be brought into coincidence with the center line a:a; of the machine and also with the vertical line passing through the pivot point of the arm 75 of the pantograph upon the support 83.

, The connection between the rod 90 mounted on the said pivoting member, and the bar 91, is effected in a special manner as follows:

Upon the rod 90 is engaged (and can be heldby the two rings 90) a member 92 which is recessed at the bottom part upon its whole length for the insertion of the upper part 93 of the member 94, having the shape of an open sleeve, in wnich the bar 91 is held by screws which bring the edges of the sleeve nearer together.

The part 93 is pivoted to the axle 95 in the recess in the member 92, and its upper part is convex (Fig. 5) so as to permit the oscillation; this part 93 may be held in the desired position by a pair of milled screws 96 mounted thereon and making contact with the end of the recess formed in the member 92. To the outer end of the bar 91 is attached a wire 91 connected with a weight (not shown) which maintains the said bar in stable the said block or piece of work, each needle can be placed in contact at all times with its respective element (statue or work) at a point serving as an indication for the beginning of the reproducing work.

The two needles are mounted upon like supports 97 (Figs. 1, 2 and 6) which are secure-d to the bar 91 by collars 98 held by screws; said supports 97 may have the form herein represented, and each consists of a disk which is provided on the lower face with a strengthening rib 97 and on its upper face with two bosses 99 and 1-00 having the same height above the disk 97.

Upon the circular boss 99 is pivotedto an axle 101the end of a link 102 whose other end, which rests upon the boss 100, is pivoted to a bar 103 connecting the two links together; each link carries a plate upon which are mounted the supports 41 of the needles 43 and 44 which are utilized respectively with the original statue and the block or piece of reproduction work, the needle 44 being provid ed with an abutment ring 45 (Fig. 6) which may be secured on the said needle by means of the screw 50.

The thickness of the link 102 and of the plates of the supports 41 are selected in such manner that the distance 7 between the points of the needles and the axis of the bar 91 shall be the same as the distance between this axis and the axis of the rod mounted on the pivoting member 89, and in this manner the whole action takes place, during the reproduction work, as if the said needles pivoted about a line passing through the center of the said pivoting member.

The operation of the machine is as follows:

When commencing the work, the points of the two needles being situated on the same line, parallel with the main center line iii-00 of the machine or in coincidence with this line, the needle 43 being secured in a fixed position by the screws 42, I commence by displacing the needle 44 by a certain quantity with reference to the needle 43, for instance by a fraction of an inch, andrits ring 45 is brought against the adjacent support 41 and is secured in this position. When the needle 43 is brought'near the original statue, it is necessary in order to obtain contact that the needle 44 shall recede in the direction of the arrow (F ig. 6) when the needle 43 touches the statue, the distance between the ring 45 and the adjacent support 41 will represent the thickness of the material to be removed from the block, with a reserve or allowance of a fraction of an inch. I

This material is removed without other" precaution with chisel and hammer, since there is a reserve of a'fractlon of an inch to be removed before attaining the definite sur- I face of the piece of sculpture to be reproduced. o

I/Vhen the block is thus blocked in and has substantially taken the form of the model, I proceed to the setting 'of points.

For this purpose, I remove the needle 44.

and I substitute therefore a drilling tool such as the one shown in Fig. 8, which is mounted in the supports 97 where :it is held by the pieces 41 andfastened by the screws 42 and which is so adjusted that the distance of its point to the adjacent piece 41 is in the desired ratio, according to the chosen scale, with the distance separating the point of the needle 43 from its adjacent piece 41.

The drilling tool properly so called, indicated iii-46, is mounted in a tool holder 47 followed by a tube 48 to which is connected the flexible transmission cable 49 connected itself to the shaft of an electric or other mo upon the definite surface of the final reproduction in stone, marble, wood or the like.

It is to be noted that the points of the model which are to be set on the block, are previously marked with pencil dots on said model.

In the center of the hole thus bored in the said block, I place a dot with a pencil.

After the required number of points have been so properly placed, said number depending uponthe precision which is to be brought to the work, I finish said work by carving away, with chisel and hammer, the reserved material until I reach the bottom of the various holes. 4

Since the bottoms of which are provided with the pencil marks as previously explained, these marks will guide me in removthe model; in this manner, the bottom of I these holes will guide me in obtaining the identical reproduction of the model.

According to another method which Will V ly acts like the ring 45 previously mounted on the. needle 44 when the tube 48 slides in the tance between the ring 45 and the adjacent support 41.

The drilling tool is thereafter utilized as above explained for the setting of points upon the block.

This second method for carrying out the invention is shown on Fig. 9.

Obviously, the invention is not limited to the form of construction above specified by way of example, and the machine is susceptible of all suitable modifications in its details of construction without departing from the spirit of the invention.

For instance, the said pantograph is not necessarily placed below the machine, this disposition being adopted in order to reduce the general size, and since it is distinct from the bar 91 carrying the needles, it may be disposed at the side of the machine.

More generally speaking, the invention is not limited to the embodiment of the machine represented by way of example and I may utilize for carrying out my invention, any machine which is adapted for the reproduction of sculpture and particularly the machine which makes the object of my copending application Serial Number 171,335.

In like manner, if the block forming the piece of work has a large size and hence a great weight, I may proceed, in order to pre vent any displacement of the stock upon which it is mounted, to employ the said stock in the fixed position and the arm of the pantograph will be pivoted to its base; the rulers 7778 will be pivoted respectively to the stock carrying the statute and to the support 8384 of the bar 91, which support is now made slidable on the rails 60. 7

Should the piece of work consist of a number of superposed blocks, the original statue may be reproduced on the spot at which the reproduced statue is to be erected, by the use of the apparatus shown in Fig. 7.

At the center of the block 104 serving for the reproduction of the original statue 105 is mounted a vertical rod 106 also coinciding with the center of the original statue, which is mounted at the proper height above the block 104, depending upon the scale of reproduction.

At the top of the rod 106 is mounted-by a ball and socket jointa bar 107 carrying the two needles 43 and 44 or the needle 43 and the drilling tool 46, these two parts being connected by the rulers 77-7 8 with the arm 75 of the pantograph. It is obvious that this device can only be used when the sculpture covers only the lateral face of the block 104. If such were not the case, I may still employ a device analogous to the one shown in Fig. 7,

by suspending the pantograph at 'a'point situated on the vertical line passing through the center of the original statue 105 and the block 104. The original statue is properly supported above the block at the requisite height depending upon the scale of reproduction and without interfering with the operation of the pantograph.

Having thus described my apparatus, what I claim as newtherein,and my own invention, is

1. In a machine adapted to reproduce sculpture at any given scale and essentially comprising two platforms, one for the model and the other for the block in which the said model is to be reproduced, and two sup sorts for the tools cooperating with said model and said block respectively, the combination of two pivoted links on each of which rests the respective tool-support, a bar connecting said links in order to provide for the same angular displacement of said supports, a fixed needle mounted in the first support and touching the model, a tool mounted in the second support and indicating the corresponding point on the block, and an abutment piece on said tool, this tool first being slidably mounted in its support for the blocking in operation of the block and then made relatively fixed in its support, but allowed to rotate and consequently to act as a drilling tool for boring in said block holes the bottoms of which are exactly situated upon the definite surface of the sculpture to be obtained.

:2. In a machine of the type referred to for the reproduction of sculpture at any given scale, the combination of two pivoted links on each of which rests a tool-support, a bar connecting said links in order to provide for the same angular displacement of the said supports, a first tool constituted by a needle mounted in the first support and touching the model, means for fasteningsaid needle in its support, a second tool slidably mounted in the second support and indicating the corresponding point on the block, and an adjustable abutment piece on the second tool, the amount in which the said tool slides in its up oort until it touches a point of the block,

whilst the said needle is already in contact with the corresponding point of the model, giving an exact indication of the thickness of the material to be removed from the said block for blocking in the same, the said abutment piece being so adjusted on the tool as to leave a suitable reserve everywhere on the desired surface in the block. the said second tool being thereafter relatively fixed in its support, but allowed to rotate and consequently to act as a drilling tool for boring in the said reserved thickness holes the bot toms of which are eXactl situated upon the definite surface of the sculpture to be obtained.

3. In a machine of the type referred to for the reproduction of sculpture at any given scale, the comblnatlon of means for assuring the same angular displacement of two tools cooperating with the model and the block respectively, two supports for the said tools, a fixed needle constituting the first tool mounted in the first support and touching said model, a drilling tool mounted in the second support, an adjustable abutment piece on said drilling tool and means for fastening the latter in its support, the said drilling too-l first being utilized only as a sliding needle for blocking in the block, the said fastening means being loosened, and after tightened,

when the said drilling tool is mechanically rotated for boring in the said reserved thickness holes the bottoms of which are exactly situated upon the definite surface of the sculpture to be obtained, in order to perform the setting of points on the said block.

In testimony whereof I have aiiixed my signature.

EDMONDO QUATTROCCHI.

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