US1793867A - Steam generator - Google Patents

Description

NlcLAussE ET AL 1?:7935857 'STEAM GENERATOR Filed Dec. 3, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet l Feb. 24, 1931. J. NlcLAUsE T AL 1,793,857

STEAM GENERATOR Filed Deo. 5, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 /N VEN 7'0 ATTO Hlm/5 Feb. 24, 1931. J. NCLAUSSE ET AL 1,793,867

STEAM GENERATOR Filed Deo. 5, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Feb. 24, 1931. Q1. NlcLAussE ET AL 1,793,867

STEAM GENERATOR Filed D?? 5. 1925 5 sheets-sheet 4 l l "if a .mmm-i' :,lll' L :Izltzl 2 am fj www mmm M0 w Afro/ME75.

Feb- 24, 1931. J. NlcLAUssE ET AL 1,793,857

STEAM GENERATOR Filed Dec. 5, 1925 5 Sheets-Sheet` 5 ATTOK'NEYS atentecl web, 2 Ml STE GENERATOR application le December 3, 1925, Serial No. 72,877, and in France @ctober a, wat.

This invention has for its object a steam generator characterized by grouping around a common combustion chamber capable of being fed with powdered fuel, solid fuel or 5 liquid fuel, a series of groups of tubular evaporating elements whose metal tubes form the walls of the lsaid combustion chamber. By this means the ordinary walls of refracl tory bricks of combustion chambers which resist badly the high temperatures of direct radiation from the hearth and which are costly to maintain, are avoided.

As the Walls of the combustion chambers are formedof vaporizing tubes thus exposed to direct radiation from the hearth, the ethciency of the boiler is very high and .moreover by reason of the intense absorption of heat by the walls formed by-the vaporizing tubes the temperature in this combustion chamber is maintained below the point of fusion of the cinders which are then easily extracted in a state of dust.

The generator forming the subject of the present specification comprises among others and in combination or otherwise the following characteristics (a-) Each group of evaporating elements forms in itself a complete steam generator having its own functions, and provided with su erheating tubes and feed water heating tu es suitably connected together. (b) All these groups of evaporating elements are arranged concentrically or in any form or shape desired around a combustion each group the vaporizing tubes are preferably forward so as to form a metallic wall for such combustion chamber and the superheating tubes and feed water heating tubes are rearwards so as to surround the first while ensuring proper circulation and maximum efficiency of the gases of combustion.

(c) The ceiling of the central combustion chamber is formed of steam collectors above the groups of evaporating elements and connected together; such collectors can be prot-ected from direct action of the high temperature of the hearth by evaporating tubes of small length which line their lower portion chamber forming a central hearth, and in and which at the same time increase the evaporating surface.

(d) When employing vaporizing tubes and feed water heating tubes of the double circulation type they may be provided at their lower portion with 'exible tubes branched upon collectors and allowing the vaporizing and feed water heatinP stacks to be emptied while leaving their tubes free to expand freely.

IEach of the groups of evaporating elements may be formed of tubes of any typesv and in particular and more advantageously of removable double circulation tubes of the Niclausse type.

. With the arrangements adopted the distribution of the radiant heat given out by the combustion takes place progressively and equally over all the surfaces forming the combustion chamber and these latter may all consequently thus produce the same quantities of steam.

As this generator is thus formed of groups of identical evaporating elements which are of relatively small size, its construction and mounting is easy and it may easily be arranged to generate a very large quantity of steam.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure l is a plan of the apparatus having three groups of evaporating elements.

Figure 2 is a vertical section on the line 2 2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a vert-ical diagrammatic view developed on the line 3-3 of Figure l, illustrating the path for the gases.

Figure 4 is a vertical section to a larger scale of the vaporizing stack formed of one of the'three groups of evaporating elements.

Figure 5 is a vertical section to the same scale of a stack of feed water heating tubes of one of the three groups of evaporating elements.

The generator is composed of three groups of evaporating elements or tubular generator elements of the vertical type having removable tubes or fixed tubes while any method of circulation may be employed.

As illustrated it has been supposed that the generators are of the type having tubes of y ators I, II, III, comprises a vaporizing stack A, a water and steam reservoir B, a superheating stack C and a feed water heating stack D. The whole is surrounded by any suitable casing E.

`Each vaporizing stack A is composed as shown in Figure @of one or more collectors a arranged horizontally or slightly inclined thereto, to which are attached removable vaporizing tubes I).

The collector or collectors a form a casing and are divided in a horizontal direction into two compartments -by a partition c so that steam produced in each of these vaporizing tubes b passes out into the upper compartment from which it passes through a passage d' and pipes e into the steam receivers B.

The vaporizing tubes b are supplied with water through the lower tubes b which all lead out into the lower compartments of each of the collectors a; these lower com artments are supplied With water throng tubes f which connect them to the lower portion of lthe water and steam receivers B.

In order to facilitate the separation of water and steam from collectors a an aperture gis formed in partition c to allow water carried oil by the steam into the upper compartment at once to ass down into the lower compartment an from thence into the tubes 'Ihe collectors a comprise `further Vaporizing tubes b of less length than the tubes h for protecting the 'lower wall of collectors a ancll1 thus to prevent deformation of such wa The assemblage of vaporizing stacks is surrounded with a partition F provided with three downwardly running apertures F- (Figure l) through which the gases coming from the vaporizing stacks pass out. These gases are vdivided into two layers cach of which passes through thc interior of Atwo superheaters C+C placed along partition F, then through stack I), and from thence passes into smoke pipes G communicating with a single chimney stack (not illustrated).

The stacks D are each formed (as shown in Figure 5) of double tubes t-h similar to the vaporizing tubes, the said tubesjt h leading into a collector z' having a double compartment-similar to the vaporizing collector.

Figures 2 andu v,shops clearly the pathof the gases, the steam and the water throughoutfthe apparatus.

.f-ulyerized fuel, solid fuel or liquid vor gaseous fuel is led into the upper portion of the combustion chamber at H'by any suitable means.

meses? The cinder is removed from H at the lower portion of the combustion chamber.

It has been shown above that saturated steam produced by the vaporizing. stacks A passes into receivers-B through pipes e e. It passes out from such receivers through tubes y' into a collector tube c which feeds the six superheaters C through six tubes Z.

Superheaters C are formed of vertical coils connected to a single collector, the said superheaters being traversed by steam in such a manner that the circulation of steam takes place in reverse direction to the circulation of the gases passing the superheaters; the steam is. thus superheated progressively.. rIhe superheated steam passes out from the superheaters through six pipes m uniting to a single tube n which has a cock 0 for taking Steam from the polygenerator.

The feed water is returned by the feed apparatus into a collector tube p which feeds the six 'stacks D by six pipes g connected to the tube'p as shown. When re-heated it passes out from stacks D through tubes r from thence passes into water and-steam receivers B after having passed'through adjustable stop valves and if necessary through feed regulators.

Finally, in order to allow the vaporizing stacks A and stacks D to empty completely while allowing the tubes of which they are composed to expand freely, their lower ends may be provided with flexible tubes s connected to two emptying collectors t, u, for the vaporizing stacks and for the stacks D respectively. It will then, only be necessary to open the two cocks 'u and w on these two collectors to empty the polygenerator com pletely.

It has been stated above that the circulation of the gases operates over the evaporatin-g surface, then the superheaters, and finally the feed water heaters. One may of course, however, employ any other method of circulating the gases by the aid of suitable battles.

In place of utilizing the whole of the generator group, which, as illustrated, is uasi circular, a portion only may be used to orm aboiler.

Finally, in place of providing groups of vaporizing-superheating feed water heating elements, for example, vaporizing-superheating groupelements or vaporizinrr feed water heating group elements may alnone beprovided while preserving the principle of the arrangements above described.

The conical shape shownis that which appears to be best, but if desired any other shape may be employed. Similarly, the tubular elements around the hearth may be combined into any shape desired, such as triangular, quadrangular, polygonal, circular.

What we claim is 1. In a steam generator including a combustion chamber, the combination of a plurality of units, each forming in itself a complete steam generator comprising a tubular vaporizer, a collector for the said vaporizer, a 5 superheater and a feed water heater, the walls of the said combustion chamber being formed by the said vaporizers and the ceiling of the said combustion chamber being formed by the said collectors, means for causing the lo products of combustion, after passing the vaporizers, to pass to the superheaters and from thence to the feed water heaters and meansV for protecting the said collectors against the direct action of the heat due to combustion. 15 2. In a steam generator including a combustion chamber, the combination of a tubular vaporizer, a collector for the said vapor-v izer, said vaporizer and collector surrounding and forming respectivelya portion of the 20 side Walls and ceiling of said combustion chambers and means for protecting the said collector against direct action of the heat due to combustion.

In testimony whereof We have aiiixedour g5 signatures. l

-. .JULES NICLAUSSE.

ALBERT NICLAUSSE.

Images