US1793598A - Telephone system - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 24, 1931.

w. H. EDWARDS TELEPHONE SYSTEM File d Dec.

' lNVENTOR BY WEEdwarzis ATTORNEY Patented Feb. 1931 1 WILLIAM H. EnwARn's, or 'BnYsInE', NEW yonnn'ssrenon T AMERICAN 'rn'rurrroun nnnrnrnennrrr comranxtnconronierro v ornE'wYonK 'rnLErnoNnsY STE i V, d

\ Application filed member 21, .1938, {serial No. e27 ,'5o2l;,

This invention relatestote'lephone meter- .ing systems and more particularly to 'meth- 'ods and apparatus for gradually reversing the direction ofcurr'ent flow in a telephone; system at predetermined intervals of time v to operate ameter which records the length oftime the telephone is in use. 5

It is an object of this invention to provide for periodically varying or reversing the di rection of Current flowin .a telephone sub scribers line to operate a timing meter lo cated at his substation without interrupting the conversation or creating disturbances in the talking circu1t.- Y V The apparatus constituting-za part oftheinvention comprises in 'combinationfa meter located at the subscribers stationadapted to r be operated'by current reversals' in the line to which the battery is connected, a direct current generator equipped with brushes which may be periodically shifted .toreduc e the current produced by the generator grad ually to 'zero and build it up again g-radually in the opposite direction, and means for periodically and successively connecting, said generator in the circuit in parallel with the 1 line battery, clisconnectingsaid line battery,

reversing the" output current of said' enero V ator by shifting lts brushes, reconnecting the loops extending to i As shown, Arepresentsthe station of the calling subscriber and 'B that of the called subscriber. There, are located at the stations meters and M which are adaptedto respondto curi-entreversrls in the subscribers loops." V

The cord circuit C of the central oflice is here illustrated as the impedance coil feed 7 type. Obviously, accord circuit ofthe're peating coil feed type may be lused, if de sired. The cord circuit showncomprises the usual current source 3 grounded at'4,'a-cur novel iand efficient method of =andi-means rent-I supply fbridge comprising the capacitieslfi {and G'gth cord conductors- 7, 7/; Sand 8?. Land the? isupervisoly relay ,9; Normally,

grounded at 15, through the armatures- 10 and, 10, theconta'ctsl6- and -'16-' and the leads 17 and 17. i This switching means wliichis under the control-of relay 9 comprises a relayv 18 grounded-fat 19,: th contact 21,1the armature. 22 a and the source l, .Inv addition there is located at the central ofiice a direct current generatorG ofs'ulostan-i tially thesame voltage as; the source lt' whicfh- :comprises almagnet with north pole'N-fand *south poles, the'armature25, th'ecommutator;

26 and thebrushes:27 and"28. -:Thearmature. l 25 isshown as the' closed'coil ringtypeand, includes a plurality of'coils"29aformingia 7 closed circuit with leadsf3O-"connecting said the currentr supply bridge {of the calling subscriber is connected I: ;to.,the source 3 through the armatures 10 and p 10", th'econtac-ts ll -and 11 and the leads 1 2.

' A switching means 13 is provided- I to disconnect ,the current supplyjbridge of the A calling a subscriber trom the source 3' and -to connect it to the auxiliary source 'li,

coilsto the barsiofthe commutator26. '-Other types ofa-rmatures may be used iifdesired Brush'es'2 7i'and 28 are positioned so as to be in contact withopposite sides of the commutator 26 and are fastened preferably byrocking 'brush rigging to thecollector rings 31 and 32, respectively. The collector-ring 32 is supported by the spider 33 andthe'collector ring 31 is rigidly I V ring 32 by the insulated joints 34. Station- Ifastened to the; collector ary brushes 35 and 36 are positioned so as to j be in'contact with collector rings 31 an'd'32', respectively. The collector rings 3l an'd 32:- with the brushes 27 and 28,-;respectively, are

adaptedto be rotated periodically throughza predetermined are, for example, one-halt rev- 7 --'olut1on.t =As shown, the'armature rotates in a clock-Wise d rect onand the collector r1ngs and brushes ina counterclockwise direction. An armature of-Itlie stationary type With a rotating magnet may be used, ifolesired. j Any suitable driving meansmayibe used to cause the rotationof the collector'rings and 5;" e ;'conductor: 20, the

brushes and any suitable means may be provided to regulate the arc and time ofrctation.

As diagrammatically shown, the driving means. comprises a continuously revolvlng 'motor 37 connected by shaft 38 through a friction clutch 39 tothe spider -33 and-the regulating'means comprises a :solenoid 4L0 whlch 1S momentarily energized at predeter- 1 mined intervals of time by the closure of its circuit which is controlle'd by the clock mech anism 53.. The-solenoid has an-armature'4t1" which, in its normal position, engages one of the stop lugs 42 or 43 which are fastened at opposite points on the surface of the collector ring 31. The momentary energization of the solenoid 40 attracts its armature 4:1 andreleases its'engagement with the stolpflugt2.

Immediately thereafter and before the collector ring hascompleted its one-half revolution, for example, the solenoidis 'deenergized and its armatureuis restored to itsnorrnal position by means of the ribbon spring 4 k to "engage the other stop in 0 stop lug -1S released'fromengagement with the armature 41, the collector ring which is under constant tension, due to its connection with andregulating means shown nor to a magnet I I having only two poles; A1 condenser'element,

the continuously revolving motor 37 through the shaft 38 and the friction clutch39,ro

tates, for example, one-half revolution-atsuo' stantially constantspeed until its other stop lug 43 engages the'armature 41; Obviously, the brushes 27 and28 are rotated the same time as the collector rings 31.and 32ailt is'to be understood that this'invention is -not limited to the particular formstof driving means 7 45, preferably. ofithe electrolytic type, is con- "'nected: in parallellwith the generator circuit I through the stationary brushes 416 Land 47 to absorb theripples in the commutator current and to prevent any noise that might belcaused by generator operation from getting into the 'talking circuit.

ply bridge of Y The generator G is associated with the supthe calling-subscriber in parallel with the auxiliary source 14 through'the leads 4:8 and 49, the contacts and a'rmatures of'the relay 50 and the leads Hand 17.. The auxiliary source 14 is likewise associated with said supply bridge throughthe contacts and armatures of relays "51 M152 and the leads 17 and 17 These relays' as well as-thesolen-oid 40; are under the control of'thecloch mechanism 53 which includes the interrupters 54,

- 55, 56 and 57 supported and operated by' the shaft 58. T he circuit of each relay includes an individual ground connection, winding,

lead and brush which is in'contact with its corresponding interrupter and a comlnon'lead I 59 and a source 60'grounded at 61. The clock mechanism is designed to rotate the interrupters at aiconstant speed, for example, onerevolution every thirty seconds during which time two reversals ofthe line current, take respect to theneutral area of the (Y l3; As soon as the :lay 51. p is supplying current tothe calling subscriber s carbon of high contact resistance and being made large enough to be in contact wlth at leasttwo commutator bars at all times are normally located in an advanced position,with 7 I magnetic field and the direction of rotation. Also,'the self-induction of each coil on the armature is reduced to a minimum. Thisis obtained with the given Zvoltage and current output 7 by employing a maximum number =oflc0ils, coinmensurate with practical design with a min- 1mnm number ofturn in eachcolln Llkewlse,

the I provision of.- comparatively *iwide' pole pieces, as shown, distributes the. magnetic vfield uniformly over a large" area? and avoids I y w H 2200 The operation of-the systemis as follows: Nhen thefcallingsubscriber at station Ali-removes flllS receiver from" thehook to: initiate 'a calh'the operator. in response to the signal concentration at any one point.

establishes a connection-to thelcentral office in? the' well known manner. Atthis time, the current flows from theaposit'ive terminal of the source 3 through the lead 12, the contact-11, the armature 10, the upper left impedance coil 5, the cord conductor V7; tl 1e jack 2, out-over the subscribers loop,thro'ugh the meter and the subscribers set,back through the jack 2', the

cord conductor 8, the lower vleft impedance 11 and the lead 12 to the negative terminal ofthe source coil'5, the armature 10., the contact After the connection has been completed through the cordicircuit C to the station Bof the called'subscriber.and when the called sub- *scriber removeshis receiver from the hook,

the circuit including therelay '9 will be closed;

'The'closure'of this circuit and the resulting energization of the relay 9 causes the latter to 'attractciits armature 22 which establishes a connection with contact 21. The establish- :ment 7 of this connection closes 3 the circuit of the relay 18 and causes its energization.

VVhen energized, this-relay attracts its arma- .tures 10 and 10. to break their-connection with contacts 11 and 11, respectively, and to establish their connection with "contacts 16' and 16, respectively; .This brea s the connection of the impedance coils ofv the supply bridge of the calling. subscriber with the source 3 and connects them to the auxiliary" source 14 throughithe contacts '16 and'16,the leads 1'? and 17and the armatures and contacts of re- At this time, the auxiliary source l4:

line in the same directionias before. At pre determined intervals of time, for example, 1

the solenoid40 twice, the relay 51 every fifteen seconds, the clock 1necl1an-ism53- Z-through' the interrupter 54 closes the circuit At the end of a presecond, the'further rotation of the shaft 58 through the interrupters 56 and 57 simultaneusly closes the circuits of the relay 51and the solenoid 40. The f operation of connects the source 14 from thecircuit and the operation of solenoid 40 causes the engagee f operates the meter cuit oft-herelay 52'is closed through theinter- "determined are,

ment between the armature 40 and thestop lug 42 to be 'momentarily released. V The causes the generator current and hence the "current of the calling subscribers line to be reversed. This reversal which'taikes place veryrapidly, for, example, in .01 seconds, M of the calling subscriber.

As soon as tl'iereversal is completed, thecira rupter 55. The operation of tnisrelay causes the source 14 to be'reconnected in the circuit" second, the interrupter 54 in the reverse direction, At the end ofa predetermined-interval of time, ioriexample, one breaks the circuit ofthe relay 50 and causes'thegenerator to be disconnected from the circuit. 7 The current -110w flows from the positive terminal of the source 14 through theright-hand' contact and armature of the relay 52, the lead 17 the contact 16, the. armature 10", the lower leftiim-c pedancecoil 5, the cord conductor 8, the jack Y 12,- out over the, calling subscribers line,

' back through thejack 2,

the subscribers set,

through the meter and the cord conductor 7 '7, the upper left impedance coil 5, the armaarmature and contact of therelay 52 tolthe negative terminal of the source 14. The

meter locatedin the called subscribers loop I is not operated due to the fact that the curse rent therein is not reversed. 1

Although the invention has been described specifically as a current reversing system, it

should be understood that a system. in which the current isvaried from a maximum to 'zero and rbackagain to a maximum' of the same direction is ventlon. V V v V i As shown and described, the generator'is within the scopeof this inconnected on one side of the cord gcireuit only, since, in general, 1t is desirable to of thecordcircuit or on both sides of the cord circuit, if desired. The mechanism shown in the drawing below the dotted line B5 60' may be common to all of the cords'of' it in connection with a typical relay 51 dis- 5 source and-having ciation of the than the relayQ9in si'ich'amannerf that the operation of the meter-willbeginat any desired time duringthe connection. 1

; While this invention has been illustratec cord ci-rcuit used 1 in'inanual operation, it is apparent" that it is equally applicableto dia lisysterns. 5 -lVl1at,is'claimed ist j i 1. In combination, a load circuit having a sourceof current adapted to'be' connected therein, measuring apparatus insa id. cir-p;

I cuit adapted to beope'rated by' current varia brushes 27 and 28 are rotated through a prefor example, one-halt revo lution, as hitherto described, which rotation tions therein, and avo'ltage producinglmeans adaptedto' be connected in sald clrcuit 1n parallel with said source, and havinga plu- 'rality of brushes adapted iodically-through a predetermined arc tovary current variations therein,a'dynainoeelectric j .ma'chine adapted to beconnected in said cir-i cuit in parallel with 'said' source, having a plurality of brushes adaptedtobe rotated periodically through a predetermined arc to vary the current in saidcircuitwhcnsaid source is disconnected therefrom, and means for reconnecting said sourcein said. circuit aftersaid brushes have been rotated.- I V In combination, a load circuit having a nectedin said circuit in parallel with said P 7 source and having a plurality 'ofbrushes tu'ref10, the contact 16, the lead ll, the left I ource' 'of current connected therein, meter; 1 "mg apparatus responsive to-current reversals 1n Stud. circuit for measuring the length of time sai dcirc'uit is. in use, a generator cona predetermined are to reverse the direction vof current flow in s'aid circuit when said source is'disconnected theretrem and means for reconnecting saidfl'source in said circuit in its reverse direction-and disconnectingsaid generator therefrom after said brushes have been rotated.

4. In telephonesystem,subscribersllines,

metering apparatus located in said lines and IBSIJOIlSlVtO current variations therein, con- 7 necting circuits for establishing talking con 1 nections between said lines,

lt'ential'connectedtoisaid circuits, a dynamo-n V V be'connected in v said connecting circuits in paralleliwith said 7 r a plurality of rotatable- '=brushes, and means'for periodically andsuc-felectric machine adapted to cessively disconnecting said source from said circuits androtatlng said'bru'shes through a predeterminedarc to'varythecurrent'in'said I lines;

'a source of po- 5. 'Ina telep' one system, a calling line and" i means for periodically and successivelyimpressing said generator voltage on the circuit of said calling line in parallel with said battery voltage and in the samedirection theresaid battery voltage; from the I a called line, gmetering through a predetermined 'arc circuit of said calling mutator brushes through; a 1 predetermined arc to reverse the-polarity or said generator voltage, reimpressing said battery voltage on apparatus located in -i said callingllineand adapted tobe operated by polarity reversals of the voltage therein,

with, removing line, shifting saidcomthe circuitof said calling line in the same direction as said generator voltageatter its reversal, and removing said generator voltage P therefrom.

'6. In a telephone system, a calling-line and a called line, a meter located in the circuit between saidlines, a battery connected in the of said calling line and responsive to age, and means parallel with 1 direction therewith and brushes through a predetermined arc verse the polarity of said generator voltage, and for reimpressing sa d battery voltage polarity therein, connecting reversals of the voltage talking connections circuits for establishing circuit of said calling line, a generator of substantially thesame voltagejassaid battery and having a plurality of brushes adapted to be rotated through a predetermined arc operative periodically and successively for impressing said generator voltage in the circuit of the 'callingline in said battery andinthe same removing saidbatf'or rotating said 1 to ie to reverse the polarity of said generator volttery voltage therefrom,v

on the circuit of said calling linein thesarne direction as said generator voltage after its reversal and removing said generator voltage theret'rom. I v

,7. In a telephone system, a callingl ne and a called line, ameter located in] said calling line and adapted to be operated by polarity reversals of the voltage therein, connecting circuitsv for establishingtalking connections between said lines,

a battery adapted to supply current to said 5 lines; a second battery adapted to supply current to said calling line, switching means controlled by the closure 01 the circuit of said called line for disconnecting said calling line from said first battery and connecting it to said secondbattery, a

dynamo-electric machine adapted to be con- 7 nected parallel with said second battery, a condenser elementin parallel relationship with said" in the circuitotsaid calling ine in dynamo-electric machine, said dynahio-elec machine including a field magnet having plurality of poles,

an armature, a-commututor, and a pluralityoibru'shes in electrical contact with opposite sides of said commuta tor and adapted to be shifted through a-piredetermined arc to reverse the polarity of-the he voltage of said secondbattery therefrom,-

1 machine through a predetermined arc to re i versethe polarity of the voltage impressed on he circuit of said calling line, reimpressmg,

ting thevbrushes of said dynamo-electric parallel with said second battery, removing the voltage or said second'battery onthecircuit of said calling line in the same direction as that of said dynamo-electric machine after its brushes have been'shi'fted, and removing the voltage of said dynamo-electric machine therelfrom. i Y I 1 8. In a measuring system including aload circuit having measuring apparatus respon. sive to voltage variations therein, a source of electrical energy of substantially constant voitage,*aiicl. a second source, of electrical energy oi variable voltage, the:method vof operating said measuring apparatus which consists in impressing the voltage of both or said sources inparallel simultaneouslyon said load circuit, removing the voltage of said first source therefrom, and-gradually vary{ ing the voltage of said second source to operate said measuring apparatus.

- 9, In a measuring system including a load circuit havinga source of electrical energy of substantially constant voltage, measuring apparatus responsive to polarity reversals of the voltage therein, and a-second source of electrical energy the polarity of the voltage "of which isvariable, the method of operating said measuring apparatu's which consists in gradually reversing the polarityof the-voltage of said second source after the voltage of said first source has'been removed from said circuit and that of said "secondsoui'ce impressed thereon. o 1 a 10, The method of reversing the' =p,olarity of the applied voltage in a work circuit having normallytherein a source of substantially constant voltage, which consists; in

periodically and successively impressing a variable voltage on said work circuit in parallel with said source of constant voltage and in thesame direction therewith, i-emoving saidcoiistant voltage fromsaidcircuit,

gradually reversing the polarity of said vari ablevoltage, reimpressing said constant-voltage on said circuit in parallel with said variable voltage and in the same direction as said variable voltage after its reversal, and removing said variable voltagefrom said work circuit.

11. The method of reversing the polarity Y of the appliedvoltage in a Work circuit hav I on said circuit same polarity as age and, removing I ingnormally thereina source of substantially constant voltage, which consists in impressing ofrsaid variable voltage, 7 said constant voltage on said circuit in its opposlte polarity and removingsald varlable voltage therefrom.

12. A method of varying the applied voltv age in a Work circuit having normally therein a source of substantially constant voltage,

'which consists in removing said constant voltage from said circuit and'simultaneously impressing thereon a variable voltage of the same polarity as that of said constant voltage, varying said'variablevoltage, and relmpressing-saidconstant voltage on said cir-' cuit and simultaneouslyremoving said variable voltage therefrom.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to vthis specification this 19th day of December 1928.

WILLIAMH. EDWARDS.

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