US1792483A - Magnetic material - Google Patents
Magnetic material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1792483A US1792483A US367634A US36763429A US1792483A US 1792483 A US1792483 A US 1792483A US 367634 A US367634 A US 367634A US 36763429 A US36763429 A US 36763429A US 1792483 A US1792483 A US 1792483A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- permeability
- cobalt
- iron
- nickel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 title description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 21
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 8
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241001600451 Chromis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001249542 Leonia <angiosperm> Species 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Co].[Ni] QXZUUHYBWMWJHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGWWEXORQXHJJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Fe].[Co].[Ni] KGWWEXORQXHJJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/058—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W
Definitions
- the present invention relates to magnetic materials and to their ap lication to electromagnetic systems. They ave a wide field of usefulness and are of special interest in all 5 those cases in which the impressed magnetizing forces are small, such as in electric signaling systems.
- the materials of this invention are high permeability, especially at low mafgnetizing forces, high degree of constancy o permeability over a considerable range of magnetizing forces, and high resistivity with consequent low eddy current losses.
- An object .of the present invention is to increase the resistivity of magnetic materials having other desirable characteristics.
- a further object is to reduce eddy current losses in magnetic materials of high initial permeability.
- compositions may be produced which have part or all of the desirable properties of the compositions described and claimed in application Serial No. 119,623 to a greater or lesser extent,-in some instances to the same extent as, or to a greater extent than without the added chromium,and in addition, a greatly increased resistivity.
- the production of ma etic comositions having the magnetic an electrica characteristics above discussed and which are workable and otherwise suitable for use is of considerable technical importance.
- Chromium is cheaper than molybdenum, which has been specifically claimed as a fourth element for increasin the resistivity of such compositions in an- 0t er ap composltions which are otherwise similar, gives a better combination of characteristics for certain purposes than does molybdenum.
- Manganese may be added in addition to chromium to increase the workability or for other purposes in accordance with known metallurgical practice.
- chromium may be added in addition to chromium alone but also those including, in addition to chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, vanadium, tantalum, zirconium, chromium, copper and/or silicon.
- compositions in accordance with the present invention may be varied over a wide range by the application of different heat treatments.
- a particular composition in accordance with the invention comprises 45% nickel, 27 iron, 25% cobalt, and 2% chromium.
- WVhen given a heat treatment desi nated L, in Patent 1,715,541, adapted to evelop a fairly constant, but not the greatest constancy of permeability, the initial permeability of 509 remains practically constant up to a value of H about 1.7. .
- a composition composed of approximately 51% nickel, 21% iron, 24% cobalt, 3% chromium, and 4% manganese had an initial permeability of 451 and a resistivity of 43 microhm cms. when heat treated to develop a fairly constant value of initial permeability. Other heat treatments gave initial permeabilities of 941 and 849, respectively.
- a com osition composed approximately of 35% nic el, 27.5% iron, 35% cobalt, and 2.5% chromium, when heat treated in a manner adapted to develop constancy of permeability to a high but not the highest degree, had an initial permeability of 250 which was strikingly constant up to a magnetizing force of H 1.4.
- the hysteresis loss for a loop of which the maximum induction was about 5000 gauss was 1126 ergs per cubic centimeter per cycle.
- Still another composition composed of nickel, 12.5% iron, 15% cobalt, and 2.5%
- nickel-cobalt magnetic comppsitions in an amount up to 10 or 12% ena les one to produce a composition with a greatly increased resistivity, in combination with other desir- A number of compositions show increased initial permeability with from 2 to 10% chromium as compared to similar com ositions in which the chromi um is replace by iron.
- compositions disclose the characteristic properties of hi hly constant permeability over a range of fiux densities from zero upward, small or ne ligible hysteresis loss over a range of flux ensities from zero upward, initial permeability sufiiciently high to make them desirable for use in the magnetic circuits of telephone, telegraph and cable conductors and apparatus, the peculiar was waisted hysteresis loop characteristic of t e compositions discused in Patent No. 1,715,- 647, granted June 4, 1929, high resistivity, and workability in accordance with known methods.
- the nickel content may range from 10% to the cobalt content from 5% to 80%, the iron content from 9% to 50%, and the content of the chromium with or without still other elements up to about 10 or 12%.
- coil or lumped loading and continuous loading of carrier frequency signaling conductors in submarine and land line telegraphy and telephony loading coils for composite telephone and telegraph systems, repeating coils or transformers, especially battery supply coils, wave filter coils, certain classes of relays, high frequency electromagnetic devices and magnetic circuits of electrical measuringinstruments.
- a magnetic material including nickel between 10%and 80%, cobalt between 5% and 80%, and iron between 9% and 50% of the entire nickel-iron-cobalt content, heat treated to have desirable magnetic properties with small magnetizing forces, and including from a substantial quantity up to 12% chromium.
- composition in accordance with the foregoing claim which, in addition to chromium, includes material selected to include at least one of the following elements to a material extent; molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, vanadium, titanium, tantalum, zirconium, copper and silicon.
- a composition in accordance with claim 1 heat treated to have an initial permeability above 200.
- a composition in accordance with claim 1 heat treated to have an initial permeability m varying less than 1% up to magnetizing forces of .20 gauss.
- a magnetic composition comprising between 30 and 60% nickel, between and 40% iron, between 5 and 50% cobalt, and
Description
Patented Feb. 11, 1931 ,UNITED "STATES PATENT orrlcs GUSTAF w. um, 01' LEONIA, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOB TO BELL TELEPHONE LABO- BATOBIEB, INCORPORATED, 01' NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK MAGNETIC MATERIAL Io Drawing.
' The present invention relates to magnetic materials and to their ap lication to electromagnetic systems. They ave a wide field of usefulness and are of special interest in all 5 those cases in which the impressed magnetizing forces are small, such as in electric signaling systems.
Among the more important characteristics of the materials of this invention are high permeability, especially at low mafgnetizing forces, high degree of constancy o permeability over a considerable range of magnetizing forces, and high resistivity with consequent low eddy current losses.
In Elmens applications, Serial Nos. 119,622 and 119,623, filed June 30, 1926, there are de scribed and claimed magnetic compositions of iron, nickel, and cobalt which have been discovered to have, among other unusual properties, a very high degree of constancy of permeability over a wide range of magnetizmg forces including the low range employed in loaded signaling conductors. The uti 'ty of such compositions may be increased, es ecially for loading speech frequency or ot e r high frequenc circuits, by increasing their resistivity, if 's be done without excess vely or at all impairing other desirable propertles.
Brief mention 1s made in those specifications of the addition of fourth substances such as chromium to increase the resistivity. In
granted June 4, 1929, also Serial No. 220,387
filed September 19, 1927, which has issued as Patent 1,715,541, granted June 4, 1929, Serial No. 256,657, filed February 24, 1928, Serial issued .as Patent 1,715,543, 929 and Serial No. 289,050, filed June 28,
No. 287,017, filed June 20, 1928,'which has granted 'June 4,
Application fled Kay a1,
1928 'which has issued as Patent 1,715,648, granted June 4, 1929.
An object .of the present invention, therefore, is to increase the resistivity of magnetic materials having other desirable characteristics.
A further object is to reduce eddy current losses in magnetic materials of high initial permeability.
It has been found that by the addition of chromium in proper proportions, with or without other elements, and with appropriate heat treatments, compositions may be produced which have part or all of the desirable properties of the compositions described and claimed in application Serial No. 119,623 to a greater or lesser extent,-in some instances to the same extent as, or to a greater extent than without the added chromium,and in addition, a greatly increased resistivity. The production of ma etic comositions having the magnetic an electrica characteristics above discussed and which are workable and otherwise suitable for use is of considerable technical importance. Chromium is cheaper than molybdenum, which has been specifically claimed as a fourth element for increasin the resistivity of such compositions in an- 0t er ap composltions which are otherwise similar, gives a better combination of characteristics for certain purposes than does molybdenum.
Manganese may be added in addition to chromium to increase the workability or for other purposes in accordance with known metallurgical practice. Within the scope of the invention are included not only compositions of iron, nickel, and cobalt with chromium alone but also those including, in addition to chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, vanadium, tantalum, zirconium, chromium, copper and/or silicon.
The properties of compositions in accordance with the present invention may be varied over a wide range by the application of different heat treatments. A discussion of these heat treatments with-the general rules for their application in order to develop particular characteritics, is given in Patent No.
plication, and furthermore, in some.
1,715,541, dated June 4, 1929, and, therefore, is not repeated here.
A particular composition in accordance with the invention comprises 45% nickel, 27 iron, 25% cobalt, and 2% chromium. WVhen given a heat treatment desi nated L, in Patent 1,715,541, adapted to evelop a fairly constant, but not the greatest constancy of permeability, the initial permeability of 509 remains practically constant up to a value of H=about 1.7. .The composition had a maximum permeability of 2350 at H=3.10; a
hysteresis loss of 1120 at an induction of B==5100; an induction B of 13400 at H=; a remanence of 3460; a coercive force of 1.08; a resistivity of 44.35; an H for 1% change in rmeability of 1.75; and a percentage change in permeability for B 100 of .075. A heat treatment designed to develop a higher initial permeability gave a value thereof of 849 and a heat treatment designed to give a still hi her value of initial permeability gave a v ue of 1077.
A composition composed of approximately 51% nickel, 21% iron, 24% cobalt, 3% chromium, and 4% manganese had an initial permeability of 451 and a resistivity of 43 microhm cms. when heat treated to develop a fairly constant value of initial permeability. Other heat treatments gave initial permeabilities of 941 and 849, respectively.
A vir 'n alloy composed approximately of 45% nic el, 27% iron, 25% cobalt, 3% chromium, and 0.33% manganese exhibited an initial permeability of about 500, a high degree of constancy of permeability up to H=1.10 and a maximum permeability of about 3110 after heat treatment desi ated I in Patent 1,715,541. The increase in permeability between H=1.4 and H=2.1 was striking.
Another composition tested and found to have desirable magnetic properties consisted approximately of 29% iron, 45% nickel, 25% cobalt, and 1% chromium. Still another consisted of 22% iron, 50% nickel, 25% cobalt, and 3% chromium. The initial permeability of the last mentioned composition was about 440 when heat treated to develop a fairly constant permeability up to H=1.
A com osition composed approximately of 35% nic el, 27.5% iron, 35% cobalt, and 2.5% chromium, when heat treated in a manner adapted to develop constancy of permeability to a high but not the highest degree, had an initial permeability of 250 which was strikingly constant up to a magnetizing force of H=1.4. The hysteresis loss for a loop of which the maximum induction was about 5000 gauss was 1126 ergs per cubic centimeter per cycle. The remanence was 4490 gauss and the coercive force 1.25 gauss after an applied magetizing force of H==76. The resistivity was 46 microhm cms.
Still another composition composed of nickel, 12.5% iron, 15% cobalt, and 2.5%
able magnetic properties.
nickel-cobalt magnetic comppsitions in an amount up to 10 or 12% ena les one to produce a composition with a greatly increased resistivity, in combination with other desir- A number of compositions show increased initial permeability with from 2 to 10% chromium as compared to similar com ositions in which the chromi um is replace by iron.
These compositions disclose the characteristic properties of hi hly constant permeability over a range of fiux densities from zero upward, small or ne ligible hysteresis loss over a range of flux ensities from zero upward, initial permeability sufiiciently high to make them desirable for use in the magnetic circuits of telephone, telegraph and cable conductors and apparatus, the peculiar was waisted hysteresis loop characteristic of t e compositions discused in Patent No. 1,715,- 647, granted June 4, 1929, high resistivity, and workability in accordance with known methods.
In general, the nickel content may range from 10% to the cobalt content from 5% to 80%, the iron content from 9% to 50%, and the content of the chromium with or without still other elements up to about 10 or 12%.
Among the uses for which these materials are adapted are coil or lumped loading and continuous loading of carrier frequency signaling conductors in submarine and land line telegraphy and telephony, loading coils for composite telephone and telegraph systems, repeating coils or transformers, especially battery supply coils, wave filter coils, certain classes of relays, high frequency electromagnetic devices and magnetic circuits of electrical measuringinstruments.
What is claimed is:
1. A magnetic material including nickel between 10%and 80%, cobalt between 5% and 80%, and iron between 9% and 50% of the entire nickel-iron-cobalt content, heat treated to have desirable magnetic properties with small magnetizing forces, and including from a substantial quantity up to 12% chromium.
2. A composition in accordance with the foregoing claim which, in addition to chromium, includes material selected to include at least one of the following elements to a material extent; molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, vanadium, titanium, tantalum, zirconium, copper and silicon.
3. A composition in accordance with claim 1 heat treated to have an initial permeability above 200.
4. A composition in accordance with claim 1 heat treated to have an initial permeability m varying less than 1% up to magnetizing forces of .20 gauss.
5. A magnetic composition comprising between 30 and 60% nickel, between and 40% iron, between 5 and 50% cobalt, and
between 1 and 10% chromium, not excluding small amounts of other elements, heat treated to have desirable magnetic properties at small magnetizing forces.
In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 29th da of May, 1929.
GU TAF W. ELMEN.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US367634A US1792483A (en) | 1929-05-31 | 1929-05-31 | Magnetic material |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US367634A US1792483A (en) | 1929-05-31 | 1929-05-31 | Magnetic material |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1792483A true US1792483A (en) | 1931-02-17 |
Family
ID=23447973
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US367634A Expired - Lifetime US1792483A (en) | 1929-05-31 | 1929-05-31 | Magnetic material |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1792483A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3761904A (en) * | 1970-03-18 | 1973-09-25 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Magnetic switching devices comprising ni-mo-fe alloy |
| US3932204A (en) * | 1969-10-31 | 1976-01-13 | Elect & Magn Alloys Res Inst | Cobalt-aluminum magnetic materials with high coercive force |
| US3974000A (en) * | 1971-09-13 | 1976-08-10 | Fujitsu Ltd. | Semi-hard magnetic materials |
| DE3737798A1 (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1988-06-01 | Sankin Ind Co | ANTIBIOTICALLY EFFECTIVE ALLOY |
-
1929
- 1929-05-31 US US367634A patent/US1792483A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3932204A (en) * | 1969-10-31 | 1976-01-13 | Elect & Magn Alloys Res Inst | Cobalt-aluminum magnetic materials with high coercive force |
| US3761904A (en) * | 1970-03-18 | 1973-09-25 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Magnetic switching devices comprising ni-mo-fe alloy |
| US3974000A (en) * | 1971-09-13 | 1976-08-10 | Fujitsu Ltd. | Semi-hard magnetic materials |
| DE3737798A1 (en) * | 1986-11-07 | 1988-06-01 | Sankin Ind Co | ANTIBIOTICALLY EFFECTIVE ALLOY |
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