US1790646A - alex anderson - Google Patents

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Publication number
US1790646A
US1790646A US1790646DA US1790646A US 1790646 A US1790646 A US 1790646A US 1790646D A US1790646D A US 1790646DA US 1790646 A US1790646 A US 1790646A
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wave
radiation
radiator
radiators
radiated
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/062—Two dimensional planar arrays using dipole aerials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F01D5/04—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines
    • F01D5/041—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors for radial-flow machines or engines of the Ljungström type

Definitions

  • My present invention relates to antennae for radio signaling systems- It is an ob ect of my nvention to provide conductor or a multiplicity of vertical con-.
  • the horizontal currents are opposing at any one time and. any tendency to radiate is therefore neutralized, while in the multiple tuned antennasimilar conditions occur.
  • the proportion ofantenna height to wave length radiated is suchthat the radiation from the horizontal portion 1s either attenuation of a wave.
  • One of'these factors is distance, i. e., the attenuation of a wave directly proportional to the distance travcl .ed by the wave.
  • any plitude of the wave would be inversely pro- 1925.
  • The, new type of radiation which I have discovered belongs to the classof radiation which may be characterized as high angle or space radiation. I have found, however,
  • Radiation from a horizontal radiator as above described has been measured at various distances from the transmitting station, and compared with similar measurements of or- For horizontally polarized waves these measurements show a field intensity in the neighborhood of the station which is practically zero. At a distance of fifteen kilometers (300 wave lengths) from the station the wave was found to be two thirds as strong as the ordinary or vertically polarized wave, whereas at 300 kilometers (6000 wave lengths) from the station the horizontally polarized wave was twice as. strong as the ordinarywave.
  • a horizontal radiator as above descr bed also produces high angle radiation in the direction of its own length.
  • FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically to produce horizonta'll solarized radiation 1 Y 111 comoinatlon wlth phase shifting devices for controlling the direction of the radiated beam.
  • Figs. 4 to 12, inclusive show diagrammatically modifications of the radiators shown in Figs. 1 to 3 inclusive, each modification being adapted to produce horizontally polarized waves.
  • radiator 1 lating currents by means of a source 3 and a transformer 4:.
  • the current in radiator 1 is in one direction'only.
  • the current in the connecting or transmission lines 5 and 6 however always flows in opposite directions as indicated by the arrows thus providing a non-radiating connection between the'source of current 3 and the radiator 1.
  • a radiator ofthe simple type shown in this figure, however, is not very directive.
  • Fig. 2 I have shown a loop antenna- 7 tuned by condensers '8.
  • Thecondensers are so spaced that the series capacities neutralize the series inductances.
  • Each side of the loop has a length equal to about one quarter of a wave length of the Wave'to be radiated, al-
  • the lengths of thesides may be equalv to one halfa wave length if desired.
  • the antenna When condensers arespaced apart a distance greater than one quarter, of a wave length of the ,wave to be radiated the antenna will have more than one degree of freedom, i. e. it may have more thanone system of oscillations at that frequency or closely adjacent frequentions confined to one system at that frequency or closely ad acent frequencies.
  • an antenna comprising a combination of two radiators 11 and 12 of the type disclosed in Fig. 1, both radiators being fed at the middle pointwith case if the currents in the two radiators are high frequency current from a source 3 and transformers 13 and 14: and through nonradiating transmission lines 1516 and 17-18.
  • the radiators are spaced between centers about one half a wave length'of the wave to be radiated, and each radiator is approximately one half a wave length in extent.
  • sion-lines are phase shifting devices 19 and 20 which control the phase relation in the currents of the two radiators. By varying the" phase relation of the currents in radiators 11 and 12 the direction-of radiation may be controlled.
  • the radiation will be a maximum in a direction 45 upwards in the length direction of the radiators.
  • the radiators are mounted above the earth a distance equal to, at least, one eighth of a'wave 7 disclosed in Fig. 2 and tuned by condensers 23.
  • the sides of the loops vary in length from one quarter to one half a wavelength of I j I V square horizontal loop radiator 32 fed by non-radiating transmission lines.
  • the uppe-rside of the loop should, at least, be one quarter of a equals substantially one half a wave length lm-lengthrf'rom one quarter to one half the of the wave to be radiated, the resulting radiation from the vertical sides of the loop is neutralized in all directions, and all radiation takes place from the upper horizontal.
  • Phase shifting devices 24 and 25 control the phase relation of the currentsin the two loops and high frequency current is supplied to the radiators through fnonradiating transmission llIlQS.
  • each pair of transmisl V the rZtCllZLtOISllOWIl in Fig. 1-
  • the radiator opposite and parallel to each other, and fed by non-radiating transmission lines.
  • the distance between the suspending insulators 2 and the distance betweenflthe two radiators is approximately one half.
  • the radiators are mounted above the earth a distance equal to at least one eighth of a wave length of the wave to be radiated.
  • phase shifting devices 28 and 29 control the phase of the current in the two radiators.
  • series capacity-j units 33 spaced apart a distance less than onequarter of'a wave length, neutralize the series induc tance's.
  • Each side of the square may vary wave length of the wave to be 1 radiated.
  • this type of radiator horizontally polarized radiation, directed. to allpoints'of the compass, may be obtained.
  • the eitect produced may be likened to a spray fountain.
  • Theradiator is inounted abovethe earth, at least, one eighth of awave length of the wave to be radiated and is supplied through nonradiating transmission lines.
  • the series tuned radiator34l shownin Fig. 3 is similar to that shown in Fig. 7
  • the length of the loop is 'onewave length or more, and the width approximately one quarter to 'one'halt'ofa wave length of the'wave to be radiated;
  • the loop is fed with current. through nonrad1a t ing' transmission llnes. This type of radia tor gives a horizontally polarized high angle broadsidebeam.
  • Fig. 9 shows a radiator 36 similar to that shown in F ig.g6 in combination with a re- .flector 87. "The radiator and reflector each Fig. -shows a further modification of an antenna providing horizontally polarized.
  • radiators 39 and 40 are substantially identical with the radiator shown in Fig. 6.
  • condensers 41 are spaced apart less than one quarter of a wavelength. The distancebetween the radiators and the phase of the currents in the two radiators may be adjusted as desired to give the desired angle of elevation of the horizontally polarized radiation.
  • Each radiator has a length equal to at least one wave length of the wave to be radiated and is supplied through non-radiating transmission'lines.
  • Phase shifting devices 42 and 43 are associated with the transmission lines.
  • phase adjusting means 48, 49 and .50 be made as in the previous cases by phase adjusting means 48, 49 and .50.
  • Fig. 12 shows a further modification of a loop antenna.
  • figure. is similar to that shown in Fig. 8 but is adapted to be swung into various positions as indicated by the dotted lines 52 and 53.
  • the direction of-the' radiated beam may be controlled by varying the position of the antenna.
  • the length of the antenna is one wave length or more.
  • the neutralizing condensers 54 are spaced less than one quarter of a wave length apart and the horizontal portion of the radiator is fed through non-radiating transmission lines as in the other figures.
  • the distance between the horizontal portions of the radiator may be from I one quarter to one half a wave length as desired.
  • radiators are mounted at a distance above the earth equal to approximately one quarter 7.
  • Theheight may vary but should be at least one eighth of a wave length of the wave to be radiated.
  • the radiator in each modification shown on the drawing is fed from a high frequency source through non-radiating transmission lines. While I have shown a current source comprising a high frequency alternator and a transformer, various other arrangements for supplying high frequency currents to the radiators may be employed if desired. I
  • the upper horizontal portion of the loop may be one quarter of a wave length above the earth, and the lower portion of the loop may be very close to the earth.
  • the distance between the conductors may be varied or adjusted so as to control the direction of the radiated waves or beam.
  • the conductors may, if desired,
  • I may insert condensers or other devices in the transmission lines connecting the high frequency source with the radiators to prevent undesired oscillations which might occur in these lines and-generate vertically polarized waves.
  • An antenna comprising a radiating loop having its sides in asubstantially horizontal plane, said horizontal sides having a length equal to at least-a quarter of a wave length of the radiated wave, whereby horizontally polarized waves are produced, and said antenna beingmounted above the earth a dis tance equal to at least one eighth of a wave length of the wave to be radiated, andmeans' for supplying high frequency currentto said oop.
  • a series tuned loop antenna arranged in a substantlally horizontal plane and at a distance above the earth *reater than one-eighth of the wave length of the wave to which said antenna is tuned and said antenna having a horizontal dimension of at least a quarter of a. wave length of the wave towhich the an tenna is tuned.
  • 3.3An antenna system comprising a plurality of parallel conductors arranged in a horizontal plane, said conductors being electrically disconnected from the earth, means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US1790646D 1925-05-09 alex anderson Expired - Lifetime US1790646A (en)

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US617730XA 1925-05-09 1925-05-09

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US1790646A true US1790646A (en) 1931-02-03

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US (1) US1790646A (xx)
BE (1) BE334348A (xx)
FR (1) FR617730A (xx)
NL (2) NL33345B (xx)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2655599A (en) * 1953-03-10 1953-10-13 Jr Lewis H Finneburgh All band television antenna
US2715184A (en) * 1946-10-01 1955-08-09 Emi Ltd Aerials
US5790082A (en) * 1996-03-27 1998-08-04 Podger; James Stanley Double-delta log-periodic antenna
US5969687A (en) * 1996-03-04 1999-10-19 Podger; James Stanley Double-delta turnstile antenna
WO2017025675A1 (fr) * 2015-08-10 2017-02-16 Tdf Antenne à ondes de surface, réseau d'antennes et utilisation d'une antenne ou d'un réseau d'antennes

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2715184A (en) * 1946-10-01 1955-08-09 Emi Ltd Aerials
US2655599A (en) * 1953-03-10 1953-10-13 Jr Lewis H Finneburgh All band television antenna
US5969687A (en) * 1996-03-04 1999-10-19 Podger; James Stanley Double-delta turnstile antenna
US5790082A (en) * 1996-03-27 1998-08-04 Podger; James Stanley Double-delta log-periodic antenna
WO2017025675A1 (fr) * 2015-08-10 2017-02-16 Tdf Antenne à ondes de surface, réseau d'antennes et utilisation d'une antenne ou d'un réseau d'antennes
FR3040111A1 (fr) * 2015-08-10 2017-02-17 Tdf Antenne a ondes de surface, reseau d'antennes et utilisation d'une antenne ou d'un reseau d'antennes
RU2707659C2 (ru) * 2015-08-10 2019-11-28 Тдф Антенна поверхностной волны, антенная решетка и использование антенны или антенной решетки
US10797398B2 (en) 2015-08-10 2020-10-06 Unversite De Rennes 1 Surface-wave antenna, antenna array and use of an antenna or an antenna array

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR617730A (fr) 1927-02-24
NL33345B (xx)
NL23436C (xx)
BE334348A (xx)

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