US1784138A

US1784138A - Motion-picture-projecting apparatus

Info

Publication number: US1784138A
Application number: US719724A
Authority: US
Inventors: Christian M Gottschau
Original assignee: PICTURE MACHINE SERVICE CORP
Current assignee: PICTURE MACHINE SERVICE Corp
Priority date: 1924-06-13
Filing date: 1924-06-13
Publication date: 1930-12-09
Anticipated expiration: 1947-12-09

Description

YDec- 1930. c. M. eoTTscHAu 8 38 MOTION IICTURE PROJECTING APPARATUS Filed June 13,1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 15 v INVENTQR (hr/3M1 M 601mm A TTOR Y5 Dec. 9, 1930.

C. M. GOTTSCHAU MOTION PICTURE PROJECTING APPARATUS Filed Jline 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 A vax i w a;

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& '1, I a a INVENTOR 3 BYa Dec. 9, 1930. c GOTTSCHAU 1,784,138

MOTION PICTURE PROJECTING APPARATUS Filed June 13-, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR Dec. 9, 1930. c. M. GOTTSCHAU 1,784,138

MOTION PICTURE PROJECTING APPARATUS Filed June 13, 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR Chrisfian M Goffschaa Patented D... 9, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE'V' CHRISTIAN M. GOTTSOHAU, OF COLUMBUS, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO PICTURE .MAGHINE SERVICE CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF COLORADO MOTION-PICTURE-PROJ ECTIN G TALPPARATUS Application filed Jane 13,

My invention relates to improvements in motion picture projecting apparatus, and has to do, more particularly, with mechanism for driving the reel which receives the film as it is fed from the projectin apparatus. My L b j invention is part cularly useful in connection with that type of kinetoscope in which the film is fed to the projecting apparatus fromthe center of a reel or roll of film, so that the necessity for rewinding the film prior to a subsequent exhibition is eliminated. My

present invention is, in certain respects, an

improvement upon the inventions described and claimed in my copending applications for United States Letters Patent, Serial No,

524,189, filed Dec. 22, 1921, for Kinetoscopes,

and-Serial No. 634,474, filed April 25, 1923,

for Unwinding, feeding and winding mechanism, the latter issued as Patent- No.

1,731,490 of Oct. 15, 1929, and it is particularly advantageous in connection with the mechanism disclosed in said applications.

It has been proposedto drive the receiving reel, and, in some instances, the delivery reel,

by suitable connections with the film-feeding mechanism of the projecting apparatus. It

will be apparent that the linear velocity of.

-- the film on the periphery of the receiving reel will increase as the film is wound up, if the angular velocity remains constant. The film I is fed through the projecting apparatus at a uniform rate and in order to prevent injury to the film due to this increase in linear velocity, I have heretofore proposed'to provide as suitable means, such as a friction clutch, in i the driving connections of the receiving reel,

- which will slip under slighttension and thus compensate for the increasing diameter of the roll of film. Any such means should be care- 40 fully adjusted so that it will transmit sufiicient torque .to the receiving reel to take up the slack in the film delivered to it but'will slip under a tension less than that which would break or otherwise injure the film.

In mywork with such machines, I have found that, when the driving mechanism is so adjusted as to meet these requirements, it sometimes happens that suflicient torque is'not transmitted toovercome-the inertia of the 0 moving parts and-set them in motion from a 1924. Serial 'No. 719,724.

position of rest. This is particularly true when both the delivery and receiving reels are driven thus.- The operator may overcome this by using his finger to start the receiving reel in motion but, in practice, operators fail to take'this precaution.

The main object of my present invention is to provide a means for settinv the reel in motion which is automaticallydisconnected as soon as the inertia of the reel, and,connected moving parts, has been overcome.

A further object of my invention is to provide a positive drive and a compensating drive for the receiving reel and means for automatically disconnecting the positive drive after the inertia has been overcome and the parts set in motion.

A further object of my invention is to provide a compensating drive for the receiving real and simple and effective means for supplementing said compensating drive with a positive drive which is automatically thrown out of action when the reel and connected parts have been set in motion.

Another object of my invention is to provide a positive drive for the delivery reel and a timing device which automatically disconw nects the positive drive after a predetermined number of revolutions.

-A further object of my invention is to provide means for absorbing or overcoming the inertia of the receiving reel and connected parts, which means automatically cease to function after such inertia has been overcome.

Further objects, and objects relating to details and economies of construction and operation, will definitely appear from the detailed description to follow; In one instance, I accomplish the objects of my invention by the devices and means set forth in the following specification. My inventionis clearly defined and pointed out in the appended claims. A structure constituting a preferred embodiment of my invention isillustrated in the ac companying drawin s, forming a part of this specification, in whic Fig. 1 is a view in front elevation of a. motion picture projecting apparatus embodymeg my invention, the upper and lower magazin s' being shown insection.

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of-the reel-driving mechanism taken on the axis of Fig. 8 is a perspective view of a portion of the starting lever, and

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary, sectional view taken on the line 9-9'of Fig. 4.

In the drawings, the same reference numerals refer to the same parts throughout the several views and the sectional views are taken looking in the direction of the arrows at the ends of the section lines.

In general, my invention consists in driving the reel, which receives the film from the projecting apparatus, from the film-feeding mechanism through driving connections which, normally, permit a slipping under slight tension to compensate for the increasing diameter of the roll of film, and in supplementing these driving connections, at starting, by driving connections which overcome the inertia of the reel and connected parts. The supplementary drive may be positive in character. I propose to provide means for automatically disconnecting this supplementary drive after a predetermined number of revolutions sufficient to overcome the inertia of the driven parts. I propose to drive the reel, normally, through a friction clutch which is adjusted so as to slip under a tension less than that which would break or otherwise injure the film, and to bring into action, at starting, a positive drive which supplements or replaces the drive through the friction clutch. I also propose to provide a timing device, which is set in operation when the positive drive is brought into action, and which automatically disconnects the latter after a predetermined number of revolutions.

Referring to the numbered parts of the accompanying drawing, in which a structure is illustrated which constitutes one embodiment of my invention, I have illustrated a motion picture projecting apparatus comprising the casing 10, in which the film-feeding mechanism is located, the upper magazine, 11, and

the lower magazine, 17 In the upper maga-' zinc, there is mounted the rotating turntable, 14. carrying the delivery reel, 13, containing the roll, 12, of film to be fed. to the projecting apparatus. It should be noted that the film,

15,'is taken from the center of roll, 12, and through suitable guide means, is fed through the projecting apparatus. The receiving reel,

16, is mounted on a shaft, 18, so as to rotate therewith. It may be retained releasably in position on such shaft by any suitable means, such as, for instance, the hinged arms, 19. A collar, 20, secured on shaft, 18, spaces the reel, 16, from the wall of the lower magazine, 17.

A hanger bracket, 21, is secured to the lower part of casing, 10, and has a bearing, 22, in which the shaft, 18, is journaled. A bushing 23 is secured rigidly by press fit into gear casing 24, forming internally a journal for shaft 18 and externally a bearing forworm gear 27, sleeve 28, and sleeve 32. A worm gear, 27, is j ournaled on the bushing, 23, next to the boss, 26. A sleeve, 28, is rotatably mounted on the bushing, 23, next to said worm gear and has a flange, 29, to which a disc, 30, is rigidly secured. Teeth, 31, are formed in the outer end of the sleeve, 28, as indicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 2. Another sleeve, 32, is alsorotatably mounted on the bushing, 23, and has teeth at its inner end which mesh With the teeth, 31, of the sleeve, 28, so that these two sleeves turn together. The sleeve, 32, has a flange, 33, at its outer end, to which a pawl-carrying member, 34, is rigidly secured. The hub, 58, of one member 36, of a friction clutch is mounted on the shaft, 18, adjacent the outer ends of the bushing, 23 and sleeve 32, and secured to said shaft by any suitable means, such as, for instance, the set screw, 60. This clutch member may be faced with suitable friction fabric, 37. A cooperating clutch member, 38, is loosely mounted on the shaft, 18, and provided with a radially-extending arm, 39, which is positioned in a notch, 40, formed in the circumferential flange, 41, of the driving pulley, 42/ A washer, 43, on the shaft, 18, engages said clutch member, 38, and a sprlng 44, engages said washer, 43, the outer end of said spring being engaged by the washer, 45, which abuts the lock nut, 46, screwed on the threaded end of the shaft, 18. By adjusting the nut, 46, the pressure exerted by the sprin 44, on the clutch membelz38 can be varied and the slipping point of the friction clutch accurately determined.

The driving pulley. 42, is journaled ml the cxlernal surfaces of themeshing sleeves. 2S and 32, and driven by any suitable means. such as, for instance, the belt, 47, which is connected to and driven by the film'fecding mechanism in casing, 10. The hub of the driving pulley has an annular shoulder, 48. adjacent the flange, 29, of the sleeve, 28. and a ratchet wheel, 49, is mounted on this shoulder and rigidly secured to the driving pulley by the pins or rivets,77, which also secure the spur gear, 76, to said pulley. A lubricattil) ing passage, 132, formed in the driving pulley leads to a point adjacent the meshing teeth, 31, of the sleeves, 28 and 32, and an oil hole, 133, is formed in sleeve, 23, adjacent said teeth. This provides for feeding lubricant to the bearing surfaces of shaft, 18, and sleeves, 28 and 32. A pawl, 51 is pivoted on the pin, 50, carried by the disc, 30, and this pawl has a shoulder, 52, which is adapted to engage the teeth of the ratchet wheel, 49. The tail, 53, of the pawl projects beyond the periphery of disc, 30, in position to be engaged by releasing means which will be described hereinafter. A' spring, 54, is connected to the pawl, 51, at 55, and to a pin, 56, on disc, 30, and exerts a tension on the pawl tending to hold itin mesh with the ratchet wheel, 49. The pawl carrying member, 34,

i which is rigidly secured to the flange, 33, of

sleeve, 32, carries a pin, 59, on which the pawl, 35, is pivoted. The end of this pawl engages a shoulder, 57, formed in the hub, 58, of the clutch member, 36. One end of a spring, 62, is fastened to an arm, 61, projecting from the pawl, 35, the other end of said spring being attached to the ear, 63,-on the arm, 64, projecting from member, 34. This spring tends to hold the pawlin engagement with the shoulder, 57. It will be observed that, so long as the pawl, 51, is in engagement with the ratchet wheel, 49, the reel shaft, 18, is driven positively from the driving pulley, 42, the drive being trans-- mitted from pulley, 42, through ratchet wheel, 49, and pawl, 51, to the disc, 30, and from the'latter through sleeves, 28 and 32,

member, 34, pawl, 35, and hub, 58, of the clutch member, 36, to the shaft, 18. When the pawl, 51, is'out'ofengagement with the) ratchet wheel, 49, the reel shaft, 18, is driven through the friction clutch, the latter being so adjusted as to slip under slight tension in order to compensate for the increasing diameter of the roll of film. When the drive is through the friction clutch, torque is transmitted from the drive wheel or pulley, 42, to the clutch member, 38, because of the fact thatthe arm, 39, is disposed in the notch, 40, of the pulley flange, 41. The torque is trans mitted'from the clutch member, 38, to the other clutch member, 36, by the frictional engagement of the two members and the'clutch member, 36, is fixed on the shaft, 18.

I desire to provide means whereby the positive drive is brought into action at starting and automatically thrown out of action after a predetermined period during which the driven parts have been brought from a' condition of rest to normal motion so that the positive drive is inertia of the driven parts. I have provided a timing device-which is set in action by the movement of a starting lever to starting position. The movement of thislever to starting position automatically connects the posithe outer end of the pin, 66. is rigidly secured to the hub of the bevel effective to overcome thetive drive and the timing device automatic-ah ly disconnects the positive drive and restores the starting lever to normal position. I

The worm carrier, 65, is pivotally mounted upon a pin, 66, projecting from a bracket, 67, upon the gear casing, 24, and secured thereto by means of a nut, 68. The worm carrier, 65, is provided with parallel arms, 69 and 70, in which the shaft, 71, is journaled. Upon this shaft, between the arms, 69 and 7 0, there is mounted a worm, 72, and upon the upper end of the shaft, between the arm, 69, and the pin, 66, there is mounteda bevel gear, 73, which meshes with a bevel gear, 7 4, journaled upon A spur gear, 75,

gear, 74, and meshes with the spur gear, 76, which is secured to the hub of the driving wheel or pulley, 42, as has been stated'heretofore. The starter lever, 78, is provided with a laterally turned flange, 79, through which extend the screws, 80, securing the starter lever to the worm carrier, 65. The body portion, 81, of the starting lever, which extends adjacent the periphery of the disc, 30, is provided with two oppositely directed flanges, 82

and 83, with a notch, 82', between them.

The purpose of these flanges will a pear hereinafter. Theupper end of the s arter lever is bent laterally, at 84, so 'asto extend over the periplery of the magazine, 17, and this portion of the starter lever may be provided, if desired, with an upstanding ear, 85, to form aconvenient handle by which the operator may manipulate the starting lever, A spring, 134, is attached at one end to ear, 135, on the starter lever and, at the other end, to the eye of a pin, 136, secured to the casing, 94. This spring tends to swing the starting lever and the worm carrier around the pivot pin, 66, in a direction to carry the worm, 72, out of mesh with the worm gear, 27, mounted on the bushing, 23.

- In Fig. 3, the starting lever and worm carrier are shown swung to a positionin which the worm, 72, meshes with said worm gear,

27 for the purpose of actuating the timing mechanism; The starting lever and worm carrier are maintained in this position against the tension of the spring, 134, by means of a pawl, 87, which is pivotally mounted on pin, 86-, carried by the gear casing. 24. The tail portion, 88 of this pawl is adapted 'to project into the path of a pin, 89, carried by theworm gear, 27, and projecting laterally from the side thereof. This pawl is also provided with a laterally extending ear, 90,. to which one end of a spring, 91, is attached, the other end of said spring being connected to an eye, 92, carried by an arm, 93, projecting from the casing, 94. The upper portion, 95, of said pawl, 87, has a shoulder, 96, which is adapted to engage the flange, 83, of the starter lever, as shown in Fi 3 and Fig. 9. It will tion shown, the shoulder, 96, due to its engagement with the flange, 83, of the starter lever, prevents the starter lever rotating in response to the action of the spring, 134, and, 5 therefore, as long as the pawl, 87, is in the position shown, the worm, 72, will be maintained in mesh with the worm gear, 27. The oppositely extending flange, 82, (see Figs. 3 and 5) with the parts in'the position shown, is removed so far from the periphery of the disc, 30, that it will not engage the projecting tail, 53, of the pawl, 51. However, as the worm gear, 27, rotates, in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 9, the pin, 89, will contact with the tail, 88, of the pawl, 87, and rock it on its pivot against the tension of the spring, 91, so as to withdraw the shoulder, 96., from engagement with the flange, 83. \Vhen this takes place, the spring, 134, rocks 42!} the starter lever, 78,- and the worm carrier,

65, on the pivot, 66, and the worm, 72, is removed from mesh with the worm gear, 27, while the flange, 82, of the starter lever, 78, moves to a position closer to the periphery of .25 the disc, 30, and in the path of the projecting tail, 53, of the pawl, 51. Consequently, as the disc, 30, rotates, in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. 5, the projecting tail, 53, of the pawl will engage the flange, 82, and the pawl, '51, will be rocked on its pivot, 50, against the tension of the spring, 54, so as to withdraw the shoulder, 52, from engagement with the ratchet wheel, 49. This breaks the positive driving connection between the driving pulley and the shaft, 18, and in this way the positive drive is disconnected or rendered inoperative.

In order to provide means for bringing the worm gear, 27, to rest in the position shown 40 in Fig. 3, I have provided a pawl, 97, pivoted on the pin. 86, and having a tail, 98, project ing alongside the worm gear, 27. The opposite arm, 99, of said pawl, 97, is connected by the spring, 106, to an arm, 100, which is pivoted to the casing, 94. This spring, 106, tends to hold the pawl, 97, in-the position shown in- Fig. 3. Two pins, 107 and 108, project laterally from the opposite side of the worm gear, 27, to that from which the pin, 89', extends, and the tail, 98, of the pawl, 97,

is in the path of these pins, 107 and 108;

\Vhen the pin. 89, engages the tail, 88, of the pawl, 87, to release the starting lever, the pin, 108. is in engagement with the tail, 98, of the pawl, 97, and has swung said pawl on its pivot in a direction to put the spring, 106, under tension. Consequently, the tension of said spring, 106, acting on the pin, 108, will rotate the worm gear, 27 until both the pins, 107 and 108, are in contact with said tail, 98, in which position the worm gear will be brought to rest. By this expedient, the worm gear, 27, is always brought to rest at the same position and the, same period will always 2 elapse after the machine is started. before the positive drive is disconnected, that is, the time necessary for the pin, 89, to travel from the position shown in Fig. 3, in the direction of the arrow, to, a point where itengages and trips the pawl, 87. The ratio of the worm, 72, to the worm gear, 27, is about five to one, so that approximately five revolutions of the worm, 72, will take place before the positive drive is disconnected.

The periphery of the disc, 30, has a notch or recess, 105, formed therein, and the edge of said disc is engaged by a roller, 104, mounted on the end of the arm, 100, which is pivotally mounted on the pin, 102, carried by the arm, 93, of the casing, 94. This arm, 100, is provided with a. laterally turned flange, 103, adjacent its pivot, which may engage the arm, 93, of the casing in order to limit, in one direction, the movement of the arm, 100. The

engagement ofthe roller, 104, with the disc,

30, under. the tension of the spring, 106, serves to bring the disc, 30, to rest in the position shown in Fig. 5, and to maintain it in such position until the pawl, 51, is once more brought into engagement with the ratchet wheel, 49. The reaction of the spring, 134, which is connected to thestarting lever, 78, acting through the flange, 82, on the pawl, 53, would tend to keep this oscillating back and forth and riding over the teeth of the ratchet wheel, 49, as the latter revolves, were it not for the provision of means such as the roller, 104, which engages the periphery of the disc, 30, .and brings it to a position of rest, said disc, 30, being maintained in such position of rest due to the tension of the spring, 106.

Within the gear casing, 24, there is a collar, 110, which is secured to the reel shaft by the pin, 111 A spur gear, 112, is secured to said collar, 110, and meshes with a spur gear, 113, fixed to the collar, 114, the latter being secured by the pin,- 115, to a stub shaft, 116, which is journa-led in a bearing, 117, formed in the hanger bracket, 21, and in an aligned bearing, 118, formed in the gear casing, 24. The spur gear, 113, meshes with the spur gear, 119, secured to thecollar, 120, said collar being secured by a pin, 121, to a stub shaft, 122, journaled in a bearing, 123, formed in the bracket, 21, and in an aligned bearing, 124,

formed in the gear casing, 24. The casing, 94, is secured to the gear casing, 24, as shown in Fig. 4, and the bevel gear, 125, is secured to said stub shaft,'122, by the pin, 125, and disposed within the casing, 94. This bevel gear, 125, meshes with a bevel gear, 126, which is securedto a vertical shaft, 127, journaled in bearings, 128 and 129, in said casing, 94. The uppcrend of said shaft, 129, is connected by a universal joint, 130, to the upwardly extending shaft, 131, which is connected to the turntable, 14, in the upper magazine, 11. By means of the train of gearing just described, the delivery reel on the turn table, 14, is'driven from the shaft, 18, which carries and turns the receiving reel. The train of gearing connecting the shaft, 18, with the shaft, 131, may be such that the receiving reel is driven at substantially the same speed as .the delivery reel or, preferably, the speed of the delivery reel may differ from the speed of the receiving reel very slightly,

as pointed out in my prior copending appli; cations above referred to, so as to compensate for the difference in the linear velocity of the film at said reels, caused by the length of film between the delivery reel and the receiving reel.

Operation The operation of this mechanism should be i very clearly apparent from the foregoing description. The film is taken from the center of the roll of film, 12, mounted in the delivery-reel, 13, and carried through the guidin means provided and through the film-fee ing mechanismin the casing, 10, to the re-' ceiving reel, 16, mounted on the shaft, 18. "When the film has been threaded through the mechanism and attached to the receiving reel,

' starting lever. With the parts in this position, the flange, 82 is removed from the path of the tail,-53, of the pawl, 51, and spring,

54, pulls said pawl intoengagement' with the ratchet wheel, 49, so that the positive drive is connected. The driving pulley, 42, which is driven from the film-feeding mechanism by the be t, 47, revolves, and through the ratchet wheel, 49, and the. pawl, 51, drives disc, 30, and sleeve, 28. Due to the inter-meshing teeth, 31,..the sleeve, 32, is compelled to turn with the sleeve, 28, and carries with it the pawl carrying member, 34, and the pawl, 35,

the latter engaging the shoulder, 57 on the j hub, 58, of the'clutch member, 36, and causing connectlons.

it to turn. Said clutch member, 36, is secured to the shaft, 18, and, therefore, the shaft, 18, is positively driven from the driving pulley, 42, throughthis train of driving The worm gear, 27, starts to rotate as soon as the worm, 72, is brought into mesh with it,

and said worm, 72, is driven fromthe driving pulley through the spur gears, 7 6 and 75, the

bevel gears, 74 and 73, and the worm shaft,

71. WVhen the operator moves the starting lever to the position shown in Fig. 3, the

' worm gear, 27, starts to turn in the direction of the arrow, and as soon as the pin, 89, engages and trips the pawl, 87, the starting lever, 78, is released and the spring, 34, automatically restores it to normal position, at

' to secure by Letters Patent is the same time, removing the worm, 72, from mesh with the worm gear, 27 so that the worm gear is no longer driven. This move-. ment of the starting lever, 78, to normal position brings the flange, 82, into such position with relation to the erip-hery of the disc, 30, that the tail, 53, of the pawl, 51, engages, the flange, 82, and thepawl, 51,is rocked on its pivot so as to withdraw it from engagement with the ratchet wheel, 49, .and, consequentl the positive driving connection is broken. s the ratio of Worm to worm gear is about five to one, as already stated, it will require substantially five revolutions of the driving pulley to produce one rotation of the worm gear, 27. Consequently, the pin,

'89, will not engage and trip the pawl, 87,

until a period of time has elapsed sufficient for the driven parts to get in motion and for their inertia to be overcome. As soon as this takes place, the positive driving mechanism is automatically disconnected as pointed out, and the shaft, 18, is driven from the driving pulley, 42, through the friction clutch which is automatically adjusted to slip under a slight tension. All that the operator has to do is to move the starting lever, 78, to start ing position Whenever it is desired to start the mechanism from a positipn of rest. The rest of the operation is entirely automatic, and it. will be seen that it provides means whereby the normal drive is supplemented during the period of time in which thein crtia of the driving parts is to beovercome, so that the friction clutch may be very finely adjusted -to prevent injury to the film, by adjusting the nut, 46, so that the clutch will slip under a very slight tension. I am awarethat the particular embodiment of my invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings, may be altered considerably without departing from the spirit of my invention, and, therefore, I claim my invention broadly as pointed out in the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and useful and desire '1. Apparatus of the type described comprising a reel, means for rotating said reel adapted to slip under a predetermined resistance, and supplemental means independent of said first mentioned means for POST-1 tively rotating said reel for a predetermined period only, after the initiation thereof.

Apparatus .of the type described. comprising a reel, means for rotating said reel adapted to slip under a predetermined resistance, positive driving means independent ofsaid first mentioned means for rotating said reel, and means for connecting said positive driving means, said connecting means being effective only during the starting of. the reel rotation to overcome the inertia of the driven parts.

3. Apparatus of the type described comprising a reel, a compensating drive for said reel adapted to slip under a predetermined resistance to compensate for the increasing diameter of the strip which is being wound on said reel, a supplemental drive for said reel, "and means for rendering said supp1emental drive operative to start said reel in motion from a position of rest.

4. Apparatus of the type described comprising a reel, a compensating drive for said reel adapted to slip under a predetermined resistance, a supplemental drive for said reel, means for rendering said supplemental drive operative to start said reel in motion from a state of rest, and means for rendering said supplemental drive inoperative.

5. Apparatus of the type described comprising a reel, a compensating drive for sald reel adapted to slip under a predetermined resistance, a supplemental drive for said reel, means for rendering said supplemental drive operative to start said reel in 'motion from a state of rest, and means for automatically rendering Said supplemental drive inoperative after a predetermined movement of said reel. I

6. Apparatus of the type described comprising a reel, a running drive for said reel adapted to slip under a predetermined resistance, and a starting drive more positive than said running -,drive, and independent thereof for overcoming the inertia of said reel and connected parts.

7. Apparatus of the type described comprising a reel, a running drive for said reel adapted to slip under a predetermined resistance, a starting drive .for said reel, means for rendering said starting drive operative to set said reel in motion, and means for automatically disconnecting said starting drive after a predetermined movement of the reel.

8. Apparatus of the type describedcom-- prising a reel, a compensating drive for said reel adapted to slip under a predetermined resistance, a positlve drive for said reel, means for rendering said positive drive operative to 'set said reel in. motion, and means for rendering said positive drive 1noperative.

9. Apparatus of the type described comprising a reel, a compensating drive for said reel adapted to slip under a predetermined resistance, a positive drive for said reel,

means for rendering said positive drive oper ative to set said reel in motion, and means for automatically rendering said pos1t1ve drive inoperative after 'a predetermined movement of said reel.

V 10. Apparatus of the type described comfor rendering said supplemental drive operative only to set said reel and shaft in motion from a state ofrest.

11. In a motion picture proJecting apparatus, the combination of a delivery reel, a

receiving reel, a compensating drive for said reels adapted to slip under a predetermined resistance, a supplemental drive for said reels,means for rendering said supplemental drive operative to set said reels in motion, and means for automatically rendering said supplemental drive inoperative after a predetermined movement of said reels.

12. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of film-feeding mechanism, a delivery reel from which film is fed to said mechanism, a receiving reel to which film 1s fed from the said mechanism, drivlng connections between said mechanism and said reels which are adapted to slip under a predetermined resistance, a supplementaldri'ving connection between said mechanism and said reels, means for rendering said supplemental driving connections operative to set said reels in motion, and means for rendering said supplemental driving connections inoperative.

13. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of film-feeding mechanism, a delivery reel from which film is fed- 14. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination .of film feeding 'mechanism, a receiving reel receiving film from said mechanism, compensating driving connections between said mechanism and said reel which are adapted to slip under a predetermined resistance, positive driving connections between said mechanism and said reel,

means for rendering said positive driving connections operative to set said reel in motion, andmeans for automatically rendering said positive driving connections inoperative after a predetermined movement of said reel.

15. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of film-feeding mech anism, a reel adapted to receive film from said mechanism, driving connections between said mechanism and said reel which are adapted to slip under a predetermined resistance, supplemental driving means for said reel, means for connecting said supplemental driving means to said film feeding mechanism, and timing means set in action by the connectpredetering of said supplemental driving means to after a predetermined movement of the reel.

16. In a motion picture pro'ecting apparatus,'the combination of filmeeding 'mech anism, a reel adapted to receive film from said mechanism, compensating driving connections between said reel and said film-feeding mechanism which are adapted to slip under a predetermined resistance, positive driving connections for saidreel, means for rendering said positive driving connections operative to set the reel in motion, and -tim-. ing means set in action thereby for automatically rendering said positive driving means inoperative after a predetermined movement of said reel.

17. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a. friction clutch connection between said driving member and said shaft, 8. positive driving connection between said member and said shaft, means for rendering said positive driving connection operative to set said reel in motion, and means for automatically rendering said driving connection inoperative after a predetermined movement of said reel.

18. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, driving connections between said member and shaft ineluding a friction clutch, means for adjusting said friction clutch so that it may slip under a predetermined resistance, positive driving connections between said .member ,and said shaft, means for rendering sa1d pos1-,

tive driving connections operative to set said reel in motion, and means for automatically rendering said positive driving connections inoperative after a predetermined movement of said reel. x

19. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a. reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a friction clutch member rota-ting with said driving member, a second friction clutch member secured to said shaft, spring means for forcing said friction clutch members toward each other, positive driving connections between said driving member and said shaft, means for rendering said positive driving connections operative, and means for automatically.

rendering said positive driving connections inoperative'after a predetermined movement of said reel.

20. Ina motion picture projecting a'pparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connectiombetween said member a; (Cl

said shaft, means for transmitting torq' ie from said driving member to said shaft ineluding a trip member adapted to be moved to a position rendering said means inoperative, means for moving said trip to operative position, and means for moving said trip to inoperative position.

21. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of'a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and said shaft, means for transmitting torque from said driving member to said shaft including a trip member adapted to be moved to a position rendering said means inoperative, means for moving said trip to operative position} and means. for automatically movmg said trip to inoperative position after a predetermined movement of said reel.

22. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping drivin connection between said member and said s aft, means for transmitting torque from said member to said shaft including a ratchet wheel rotating with said member, a rotating pawl carrier, a pawl carried thereby and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, means for transmitting torque from said pawl carrier to said shaft, means for moving said pawl into engagement with said'ratchet wheel, and means for moving said pawl out of engagement with said ratchet wheel.

23. In a motion picture projectingapparatus, the combination of areeha drive shaft for said reel, a driving-member, a slipping driving connection betwen said member and said shaft including a ratchet wheel rotating with said member, a rotating pawl carrier, a-

matieally moving said pawl out of engagement with said ratchet wheel upon a predetermmed movement of said reel.

24. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a'drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping. driving connection between said member and said shaft, a ratchet wheel rotating with said member, a' rotating disc, apawl carried by said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, means for transmitting torque from said disc to said shaft, means for moving said pawl into engagement with said ratchet wheel, and means for moving said pawl out of engagement with said ratchet wheel.

25. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for. said reel, 1 driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and said shaft, a ratchet wheelrotating with said .member, a rotating disc, a pawl carried by wheel, and means for automatically moving said pawl out of engagement with said ratchet wheel upon a predetermined movement of said reel.

26. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and said shaft, a ratchet wheel rotating with said drivingmember, a rotating disc, a pawl carried by said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, a pawl carrying member rotating with said disc, a pawl carried thereby and engaging a part fixed to said shaft, means for moving said first mentioned pawl into engagement with said ratchet wheel, and means for moving said first mentioned pawl out of engagement with said ratchet wheel. i

27. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and said shaft, a ratchet wheel rotating with said driving member, a rotating CllSC, a pawl carried by said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, a pawl carrying member rotating withsaid disc, a pawl carried thereby andeng'aging a part fixed to said shaft, means fbr moving said first mentioned pawl into engagement with said ratchet wheel, and means for automatically moving said first mentioned pawl. out of engagement with said ratchet wheel upon a predetermined movement of said reel.

28. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of areel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and said shaft, a ratchet wheel rotating with said driving member, a pair of sleeves journaled on said shaft and having their adjacent ends .in mesh with each other, a disc carried by one of said sleeves, a pawl pivoted on said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, a pawl-carrying member secured to the other sleeve, a second pawl carried by said pawl-carrying men'iber and adapted to engage a part fixed to the shaft, means for moving said first mentioned pawl into engagement with said ratchet wheel, and means i for moving said first mentioned pawl out of engagement with said'ratchet wheel..

29. In a motion picture'projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member; and said shaft, a ratchet wheel rotating with sa-i d driving member, a pair of sleeves journaled on said shaft and having their adjacent ends in mesh with each other, a disc carried by one of said sleeves, a pawl pivoted on said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, a pawl-carrying member secured to the other sleeve, a second pawl carried by said pawl-carrying member and adapted to engage a part fixed to the shaft, means for moving said first mentioned pawl into ongagement with said ratchet wheel, and means for automatically moving said first mentioned pawl out of engagement with said ratchet wheel after a predetermined movement of the reel.

30. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a ratchet wheel rotating with said member, a pair of sleeves mounted on said shaft and connected to rotate together, a disc carried by one of said sleeves, a pawl pivoted on said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, a connection between the other of said sleeves and said shaft adapted to transmit torque in one direction only, means for moving said pawl into engagement with said ratchet wheel, and means for moving said pawl out of engagement with said ratchet wheel.

31. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination ofa reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a ratchet wheel rotating with said member, a pair of sleeves mounted on said shaft and connected to rotate together, a disc carried by one of said sleeves, a pawl pivoted on' said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, a connection between the other of said sleeves and said shaft adapted to transmit torque in one direction only, means for moving said pawl into engagement with said ratchet wheel, and means for automatically moving said pawl out of engagement with said ratchet wheel upon a predetermined movement of the reel.

32. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a pairof sleeves' rotatably mounted on said shaft and'connec ted to rotate together, a driving'mem'ber jonrnaled on said sleeves, a slipping driving connection between said member and said shaft, a ratchet wheel rotating with said member, a disc secured to one of said sleeves, a pawl pivoted on said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, a connection between the other sleeve and said shaft adapted to transmit torque in one direction only, means for ing said pawl into engagementwith said het wheel, and means for moving said pawl out of engagement with said ratchet wheel.

33. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a pair of sleeves rotatably mounted on said shaft and connected to rotate together, a driving member j ournaled on said sleeves, a slipping driving connection between said member and said shaft, a ratchet wheel rotatin with said member, a disc se said disc and adaptedto en cured to one 0 said sleeves, a pawl pivoted on i e said ratchet wheel, a connection between t e other sleeve and said shaft adapted to transmit torque in one direction only, means formoving' said pawl into engagement with said ratchet wheel, and means for automatically moving said pawl out of engagement with said ratchet Wheel upon a predetermined movement of the reel 7 34. In a motibn picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a pair of sleeves rotatably mounted on said shaft and connected to rotate together, a driving member j ournaled on said sleeves, a shpping driving connection between said member and said shaft, a ratchet wheel rotating with said member, a disc secured to one of said sleeves, a pawl pivoted on said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, a pawl-carrying member -secured tothe other of said sleeves, a second pawl carried b said member and ada ted to engage a part xed with respect to sai shaft, means for moving said first mentioned pawl into engagement with said ratchet wheel, and means or moving said first mentioned pawl out of engagement with said ratchet wheel.

35. In a motion picture projecting a pa-' ratus, the combination of a reel, a drive s aft .for said reel, a pair of sleeves rotatably mounted on said shaft and connected to rotate together, a driving member j ournaled on said sleeves, a slipping driving connection between said member and said shaft, a ratchet wheel rotating'with said member, a disc secured to one of said sleeves, a pawl pivoted on said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, a pawl-carrying member socured to the other of said sleeves, a second pawl carried b said member and adapted to engage a part xed with respectto said shaft, means for moving said first mentioned pawl into engagement with said ratchet wheel, and

means for automatically moving said-first mentioned pawl out of engagement with sa id ratchet wheel upon a predetermined movement of the reel;

36. In a'motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and. shaft, a supplemental drivingconnection between said member and shaft including an element adapted .to be actuated to render said driving connection operative or inoperative,

a starting member movable into and out of. position to engage and actuate said element,

means for moving said starting member manually to a position in' which it does not engage said elmnent, and means for returning said starting member automatically to a osition in which it engages and actuates said-element.

- 87. ha motion-picture projecting appara 'tus,

the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connec-' tion between said member and shaft including an element adapted to be actu-- ated to render said driving connection operative or inoperative, a starting member movable into. and out of position to engage and actuate said element, means for moving said startin member manually into a position in whic itdoes not engage said element, and spring means for moving said starting member to a position in which it engages and actuates said element. u

38. In a motion picture projecting appara tus, the combination of a reel,'a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said'member and shaft including an element adapted to be actuated to render said driving connection operative or inoperative,

a starting member movable into and out of shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including an element adapted to be actuated to render said driving connect-ion operative or inoperative,

a starting member movable into and out of position to engage and actuate said element, means for moving said starting member to a position in which it does not engage said element, spring means for moving said start- ,ing member into a position in which it engages and actuates said element, a releasable detentfor holding said starting member in non'engaging pos tion against the force exerted by said spring means, and'means for automatically releasing predetermined to permit .said'starting' member to move to non-engaging osition.

40. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination'of a ree ,a drive shaft for said reel, a driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection besaid detent upon a movement of the drive shaft;

driving member, a slipping tween said memberand shaft including an element adapted to be actuated torender said drivin connection operative or lnoperative "a" starting member movable into I and out of position to engage and actuate said element, means for moving said starting member to a position in which it does not engage said element, spring means for moving said starting member into a position in which it-en gages and actuates said element, a releasable detent for holding said starting member in non-engaging position against the force exerted by said spring means, and a timing device automatically operable to release said detent upon a predetermined movement of the drive shaft to permit said starting memher to move to non-engaging position.

41. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a drivingmember, a slippin driving connection between said member an shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including a trip member-adapted to be actuated to make or break said supplemental driving connection and a starting member movable into and out of position to engage and actuate said trip member.

. 42. In a motion picture ratus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a sliping driving connection between said memr and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including a trip member adapted to be actuated to make or break said supplemental driving projecting appaconnection, a starting member movable into and out of position to engage and actuate said trip member, means for moving said starting member manually to non-engaging position, and springmeans 'for returing said starting member to engaging position.

43. In a motion picture projecting a paratus, the combination of a reel, a drive s aft' for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said 'member ratus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft,a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including a trip member adapted to be actuated to make or break said supplemental driving connection. a starting memberinovable into and out of position to engage and actuate said tripmember, means for moving said starting member manually to non-engaging position, spring means for moving said sprmg member to engaging position against the force exerted by said spring means, and timing means automatically operable to release said detent upon .a predetermined movementof said driving shaft to permit the starting member to return to engaging position.

' 45. In a motion picture project-ing apparatus, the combination of a,reel', a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including a ratchet wheel turning with said driving member,'and a pivoted pawl adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, and a starting member movable into and out of position to engage and actuate said pawl.

46. In a motion picture projecting a pa ratus, the combination of a reel, a drive s aft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including a ratchet wheel turning with said driving memher, a pivoted pawl'adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, a starting member movable into and out of position to engage and actuate said pawl, means for moving said startmg member manually into a position in which it will not engage said pawl, and spring means for returning said starting member to a position in which it will engage said pawl to withdraw the same from engagement with said ratchet wheel.

47. In a motion picture pro ecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drlve shaft for said reel, a driving member, a SllPPlllg driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental drlvmg connectlon between said member and shaft 1nclud1ng a ratchet wheel turnin with said dr1v1ng member, and a pivote pawl adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, a starting member movable intoand out of position to engage and actuate said pawl, means for movin sard starting member into a positlon' 1n WlllCll 1t will not engage said pawl, sprlng means for returning said starting member to a position in which it will engage and actuate said pawl to. withdraw it from engagement with said ratchet wheel, and a releasable detent for holding said starting member in non-engaging position.

48.. In a motion picture project ngapparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for reel, adriving member, a slipp ng driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft includmg a ratchet wheel turning with said driving merriber, and a pivoted. pawl adapted to engage said'ratchet wheel, a starting member move able into and out of position to engage and actuate said awl, means for moving said starting mem er into a position in which it will not engage said pawl, spring means for returning said starting member to ,a position in which it will engage said pawl to withdraw the same from engagement with said ratchet wheel, a releasable detent for holding said starting member in non-engaging position, and timing means for automatically actuating said detentto release the starting member upon a predetermined movement of the drive shaft.

49. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including a ratchet wheel rotating with said drive connection, a rotating disc, a pawl pivoted on said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, said pawl having a tail projecting beyond the periphery of said disc, and a starting member movable into and out of the path of said tail.

50. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a ree a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between. said member and shaft includinga ratchet wheel rotating with said drive connection, a rotating disc, a pawl pivoted on saiddisc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, said pawl having a tail projecting beyond the periphery of said disc, a starting member movable into and out of the path of said tail, means for moving said starting member manually out of the path of said tail, and spring means for returning said starting member into the path of said tail. I

51. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including a ratchet wheel rotating with said drive connection, a rotating disc, a pawl'pivoted on said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, said pawl having a tail projecting be yond the periphery of said disc, a starting -member movable into and out of the path of said tail, means for movin said starting member out of the path of said tail, spring means for returnin said starting. member into'the path of said tail, and a releasable detent for holding said starting member out of the path of said tail.

52. In a motion-picture projecting appa-- ratus, the combination of areel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said mem- .means for returning said starting member her and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including a ratchet wheel rotating with said drive connection, a rotating disc, a pawl pivoted on said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, said pawl having a tail projecting beyond the periphery of said disc, :1 starting member movable into and out of the path of said tail, means for moving said starting member out of the path of said tail, spring 7 into the path of said tail, :1 releasable detent for holding said starting member out of the path of said tail, and timing means automatically operable to release said detent upon a predetermined movement of the drive shaft to permit said starting member to return into the path of said tail.

In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination ofja reel, a drive shaft for said reel, :1 driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including a ratchet wheel rotating with said driving member, a rotating disc, a pawl pivoted on said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, said pawl having a tail projecting beyond the periphery of said disc, a pivoted starting lever having a portion adapted to engage said pawl, said lever being movable to and from pawl-engaging position.

54. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including a ratchet wheel rotating with said driving member, a rotating disc, a pawl pivoted on said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, said pawl having a tail projecting beyond the periphery of said disc, a pivoted starting lever having a portion adapted to engage the tail of said pawl, said lever being movable to and from pawl-engaging position means for-moving said lever manually out of pawl-engaging position, and spring means for returning said lever to pawl-engaging po- 1 sition.

55. In a motion picture projecting appa ratus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping starting lever having a portion adapted to engage the tail of said pawl, said lever being movable to and from pawl-engaging pos1- "a tion, means for moving said lever out of? i pawl-engaging position, spring means for returning said lever to pawl-engaging position, and a releasable detent adapted to engage a portion of said lever to hold the same out of pawl-engaging position against the force exerted by said spring means.

56: In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel,a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft ineluding a ratchet wheel rotating with said driving member, a rotatingdisc, a pawl pivoted on said disc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, said pawl having a tail projecting beyond the periphery of said disc, a pivoted starting lever having. a portion adapted to engage the tail of said pawl, said lever being movable to and from pawl-engaging position, means for moving said lever out of pawl-engaging position, spring means for returning said lever to pawl-engaging position, a releasable detent adapted to engage a portion of said lever to hold it out of pawlengaging position against the force exerted by said spring means, and timing means automatically operable to release said detent upon a predetermined movement of said drive shaft to permit said lever to return to 'pa'wlengaging position.

57. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel," -a' drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said. member andshaft including an element adapted to be ac-- tuated to render said driving connection operative or inoperative, a starting -member movable into and out of position to engage and actuate said element, means for moving said starting member to non-engaging position, spring means for returning said member to engaging position, a releasable detent for holding said starting member in non-engaging position, and a member actuated by said driving member and provided wlt means for releasing s'aid detent upon a predetermined movement of said driving member. a

58. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including an element adapted to be actuated'to render said driving connection operative or inoperative, a startingmember movable into and out of position to engage and actuate said element, means for moving said starting member to non-engaging position, spring means for returning said mem:

ber, to engaging position, a releasable detent for holding said starting member in non-engaging position, and a rotatable member driven by said driving member and provided with means for releasing said detent.

59. Ina motion picture project-ing apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for saidreel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including an element adapted to be actuated to render said driving connection operative or inoperative, a starting member movable into and out of position to engage and actuate said element, means for moving said starting member to non-engaging position, spring means for returning said member to engaging position, a releasable detent for holding said starting member in non-engaging position, a rotatable member provided with meansfor releasing said detent, and driving connections between said'driving member and rotatable member rendered inoperative by the movement of said starting member to non-engaging position.

60. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, adrive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, asupplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including an element adapted to be actuated to render said driving connection operative or inoperative, a starting member movable into and out of position to engage and actuate said element, means for moving said starting member to non-engaging position, spring means for returning said member to engaging position, a releasable detent for holding said starting member in non-engaging position, a rotatable member having a pin projecting. from one face thereof, a pivoted detent adapted to engage and hold said starting member in non-engaging position and provided with a tail projecting into the path of the pin on' said rotatable member, and a driving connection between said driving member and said rotatable member rendered operative by the movement of said starting member to nonengaging position.

61. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including an element adapted to be actuated to render said driving connection operative or inoperative, a Starting member movable intoan'd out of position to engage and actuate said element, means for moving said starting member to non-engaging position, spring means for returning said member. to engaging position, a releasable detent for holding said starting member in non-engaging position, a rotatable worm gear, a pivoted detent adapted to non-engaging position.

hold said starting member in non-engaging position, means carried b said worm gear 62L In a motion picture pro ecting apparatus, the combination of and, a drive shaft for said reel, 2. driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection betweeii said member andlshaft including an element adapted to be actuated to render said driving connection operative or inoperative, a starting member movable into and out of a position to engage and actuate said element,

* a releasable detent for holding said starting 'tus, the combination of a ree as means for moving said starting member to non-engaging position, spring means for returning said member to engagin position,

member in non-engaging position, a rotatable worm gear, a pin' projecting from-the side. of said-gear, a pivoted detent adapted -to engage said starting member and holr It in non-engaging position, said releasable detent having a tail projecting into the ath of said pin, and a worm driven by said riging mem er and brought into mesh with said worm gear by the movement of said starting member to non-engaging position.

63. In a motion picture pro'ecting apparal, a-drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping I driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including an element adapted to be actuated to render said driving connection operative or inoperative,

a pivoted starting lever movable into and out of position to eng e said element, spring means for moving, sai starting lever to engaging p0sition,-a releasable detent adapted 'to engage and hold said lever in non-engaging position, a rotatable member provided with means for releasing said detent, and

" means for driving said rotatable member from said driving member, said means bein rendered operative by the movement of sai lever to non-engaging position,

64. In a-motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a sliping drivin connection between said memer and sha t,a supplemental driving connectionbetweensaid member and shaft including an element adapted to be actuated to render said driving connection operative,orinoperative,apivoted starting lever movable into and out of position to enga e said element, spring means for moving sai starting lever to engaging position, a releasable detent adapted to eng e and hold said lever in non-engaging positiomi'a rotatable gear, a pin pro]ectlever'to non-engaging position.

ing from the side of said gear and adapted to actuate said detent to permit the movement of-the starting lever to engaging position, and means driven by said driving memher and brought into operative relation with ber and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said'member and shaft, a supplemental drivin connection between said member and sha including an element adapted to be actuated to render said driving connection operative or inoperative, a

4 pivoted starting lever movable into and out ture projecting appa-- of positioir to engage said element, spring means for moving said starting lever to en-' gaging position, apivoted detent adapted to engage said lever to hold the same in nonenga 'ng position, said detent provided with a tai ,a rotatable worm gear, means carried by said gear and adapted 'toengage the tail of said detent, and a worm driven by said driving member and carried by said starting lever, said worm being brought into mesh with the worm gear by the movement ofsaid lever to non-engaging positi0n.

66. In a motion picture ,p101ect1ng, a paratus,- the combination of a reel, a drive s aft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection .between said member and shaft including apivoted pawl movable to and from driving with op ositely directed flanges, one of said flanges eing'adapted to extend into the path of said pawl, a pivoted detent adapted to engage the opposite flange, means for moving said lever to a position in which said flan e will not engage said pawl, spring means or returning said lever to pawlengaging position, a rotatable memberadapted to release said detent, and means for driving said member to render it operative brought into action by the movement of said 67 In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a worm gear 1ournaled on said shaft, a disc j ournaled on said shaft,

a driving member also journaled on said shaft, a slipping driving connection between said driving member and said shaft, a supplemental driving. connection between said driving member and shaft including a ratchet wheel secured to said driving mem.- ber, and a pawl pivoted on saiddisc and adapted to engage said ratchet wheel, a pivoted starting lever having a portion adapted to engage said pawl, said lever being movable into and out of-pawl-engaging position, a pivoted detent adapted tov engage said lever to hold the same out of pawl-engaging position, means on said worm gear adapted to engage and release said detent, a worm canried by said lever and adapted to be brought into mesh with said worm gear by movement of the starting lever out of pawl-engaging position, and driving connections between said worm and said driving member.

68. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for .said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft, a rotatable member driven by said driving member and adapted to render said supplemental driving connection inoperative after a predetermined movement of said driving member, and means for bringing said rotatable member to rest in a predetermined position.

69. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, :1. driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and said shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft, a starting member adaptedto render said supplemental driving connectionoperative or inoperative, a rotatablemember for controlling said starting member, means for driving said rotatable member from said driving member, said means being rendered inoperative by movement of said starting member to a position which renders said supplemental driving connection inoperative, and inde endent means for moving said rotatable me ber to and bringing it to rest in a predetermined position.

70. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combinationof a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and said shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft, a starting member adapted to render said supplemental driving connection operative'or inoperative, a rotatable member for controlling said starting member, means for driving said rotatable member from said driving member, said means being rendered inoperative by movement of 'said starting member to a position which renders said supplemental driving connection inoperative, a pair of pins proj ecting from said rotatable member, a pivoted pawl having a tail adapted to be engaged bysaid pins, and a spring acting on said pawl to hold said tail yieldingly in engagement with both of said pins.

71. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a reel, 8. drive shaft ,for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connectionbetween said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including a ratchet wheel secured to said driving member, a rotatable disc, a pivoted pawl carried ratus, the combination of a reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including a ratchet wheel secured to said driving member, arotatable .disc, a pivoted arm, means at the end of said arm engaging the periphery of said'disc, a spring acting on said arm to hold said means in engagement With the periphery of said disc, said disc having a recess formed in one portion of the periphery thereof, whereby the disc may be brought to rest in a predetermined position.

73. In a motion picture projecting apparatus, the combination of a. reel, a drive shaft for said reel, a driving member, a slipping driving connection between said member and shaft, a supplemental driving connection between said member and shaft including a ratchet wheel secured to said driving member, a rotatable disc, apivoted arm, a roller carried by the end of said arm and adapted to engage the periphery of said disc, said disc having a recess formed in one portion of the periphery thereof, and spring means acting on said arm to hold said roller in engagement with the edge of said disc.

In testimony whereof, I aflix my signature.

CHRISTIAN M. GOTTSCHAU.