US1781132A - Pressure-fluid motor - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 1 l, 1930.

E. H. sHAFF PRESSURE FLUID MOTOR 2 'sheets-sheet 1 Filed Feb. 16, 1925 :'Nv.- 11, 1930. E'. H. sHAl-F PRES SURE FLUID MOTOR Filed Fb. .M5l 1925 2 sheetssheet 2 f., l Olbia...

T7-@UGM J ii iff,

Patented New. 11, 1930 PRESSURE-FLUID `Iv'IOllOIR,

Application filed February This invention relates to pressure fluid motors and particularlytomotors ofthe type ydisclosed in my copending application Serial No. 7.413.205, filing# dateOctober 13, .19.24. @1n saidapplicationlhave described and Villustrated. a handheld motor devicein which a..rotary tool'is operated by a'compressed air motor comprising a` circumferentially .arranged group of pistons and-cylindersactio ing upon a seriesof 'combined'bell cranks which operate to impart a .gyratory motion to a pin or arminoving in 'a conicalpath. The Vgyratory:motion servesto produce the ldesired vrotation of the tool and likewise l5 to operate a rotating valve member which controls the admissionandlthe exhaust to the cylinders. t

lt is an objectv of this inventionto'provide Aan advantageous construction for'the rotat- Anotherf object of l the invention: is to fprol vide an improved ldriving relation between the valve'memberand the rotating. structure. IStill another object isftoprovidefanadvantageous construction for the gyrating portion and for themeansby'which gyration is converted into rotation.

Still other `and ancillary objectsfandadvantages of the improved structure rwill'be apparentfrom the ensuing` descriptionv of the device illustrated in the accompanying drawings,'in which V- .Figure 1 represents1a.longitudinal.cross section of thelclevice as a whole.

Fig. 9. is aV vertical cross section ofithe device along the line 2-'2 of Fig..f1 showing the arrangement of thecylinder'sland ofthe end ot the valve member.

Fig. 3 is a detailed cross section of .the valve member on the line6-6 ofFigil.

Fig. 4 is adetailed `enlarged view ofthe connection between the driving vshaft and the valve membeig thee-ross sectionheing shown in a horizontal plane-of t-he device as shown inFig. 1.

' Fig. 5 is a `perspective View of the drivmentary to f that f shown, in :'Fig. 8.

showing thebellfcrank plate; in elevation :at

=10 designates thesanniilarfxcasing offnportor` mainV section of ;the casing @is a' plurality automatically operating .valve :'mechanism,

1e, :1925. seri-arno. 9,1392.

ing yoke connectingthefdriveshaftzandithe ,i

`valve member. 1

Fig. 6 isfa viewrofzthe :rear portion 4of the device .taken on the line 6-:'-6. ofFig. 11.

Fig. 7 is anend view of one oflthesplates Kconstitutingthe bell crank.

Fig. t8 .is arface'view of .theplatesshownein Fig.'9 is `a. facej-viewof a lplate compley R Fig. 10 is across sectionofthe'plate of 9 on the linel1010lthereofy Fig. 11 is across section othe devieetake substantially onirthe .line 11-11'of Eig..1

an; angleztozthe lvertical.:

` y Gener-tl description l .Referring first'ito Fig. i1v of the drawings,

able grinder comprising 'a'in'ainy er rrear1section '11and a `frontsection 12. llh'e rearsection'is closed by means o'f aiplate '113 with which i i-s rigid .9a handle. 174. vWlithi n the rrear of `motor. units `arranged 'in 1 circular `series, each comprisingwa cylinder 15 randwajpiston -r16. The `flow of :fluid fpressuretto vand .from thesey several 1 motor! units isf-controlled;byran crank'arm'QQ rigid With a tool spindle 23 which 'is` journaledin the lforward section 12 ofthe casing. Thegplate 20 is secured rigidly tothe crank -arm21 .forming a-structure which is lpr'ovided vwithfapivetal relationshipito the `crai'ik-arm :'22 produeingin eiiect a shiting-fulcrum for each.f.bell\.-crank continuously moving with the crank arm 21 pointed out, the lrotary construction includes common to each ofthe bell cranks.

over the. device jv disclosed inthe above mentionedapplication relate to the rotary constructionVV within *theVV casing 10. As] above the valve 17, bell crankplate 20, the common struction.

' bellcrank larm 217 andthe spindle 23fwith its crankarmV 22 in rotaryrelationl to thebell crank arm 21. f l 1 e Ther valve 17 is operated by therotary con,-`

part housesthezvalve mechf ing is'afrearwardly extending tubular 'poranism 17 and providing afsupport-towhich.

tion 27 constituting a hub for the valve mechthe handle 14Mmaybe.A secured, the handle Vbeing in 'this instance shown as formedintegrally ywith the portion 27 Y. n n

The valve mechanism 1.7 which Ibyprefen Vence employ, comprises'r a vstationary casing 28 having a series of'circumferentially ar` ranged slots formingp'orts 29`which communicate with passages 39 formed in enlarge-V ments 40l integral with the plate l/(Figs. 1

and 6). VThe" passages- 39 are inclined for wardly and outwardly andat their forwardend-s open intovthe rear endsy of the cylinders 15.` Vithin the valve casing28 isa'rotary valve member 41 having at its rear end any forwardlyand terminate in atransverse slot y 44 formed inthe periphery ,of the valve member, said slot being positioned approximately' Y centrally thereof' so as to register successively with the ports 29./ rllhef-valvemember also has a Acentral bore 45 ropening at its for vv ward end into a transverse slotv 46 located r4diametrically.opposite the slot 44 and also Y Yadapted to register successively" with .the 5U ports 29. .The annular groove 42 (Fig..1)

communicates atlall times with apassage 47 in the handle to which motive Huid is sup- Vplied under the control of a manually oper way of the holes orducts 43 and the transverse slbt 44.A 0n* the other hand, the boreV 45 communicatesat its rear Vend with an exi haust passage. 48 extending radially out- Vwardly into an exhaust chamber 49 which is opened to the atmosphere so that as theslot 46 registers successively with the ports. 29,

communication is established between the c vlinders and th-e atmosphere.

The main or rear s'ection'llV of" the tool casing is annular fiir form and in` the present instance is cast to form integral therewith a cylinder block 24whicli'is bored n to receivel sleeves formingacircular series -of cylinders 15. vThe annular opening of thel` kBearing in the` annular opening of the cyl# i l inder block 24 through the medium of a ball 'In the present inventionthe vimprovements Y bearing` 51 is an rotaryshaft 50. The shaft is screw threaded near the lend as shown at '52 in Figs. 1 and 4 and carries av pair of ' nuts 53 and 54 which hold'. the bearing-51 valvemember 41 is axially bored, forming Y a hole 58 intowhich thefend 56 of'shaft 50 loosely'projects leavingan annular space 59. Theannular end of the valve member 41 is' diametrically slottedv at 60, the 'slot being [of the same width as the slot 57 inthe end o-fvshaft 50. A yokevlying in the slots' of both members provides a driving-connection between the valve member 41 by the shaft 50. f Theyoke (Fig. v5) is flat and substantially' U-shaped having the' base 61`r lying in the 'slot 57, the sides 62 lying in the annular space V59 and having outwardlyprojecting ears 63 which'lie in thefslot 60 in the valve member. 'A secondpair of slots l64 is provided `in the valve member 41 similar tothe slots `60 and angular thereto to permit registry in a diff' ferentaxial relation of the :shaft 50 withthel` valve member 41 for Vreversing the ofrotation of the tool.

In the present rinstance thespindleg.=23 and the' shaft 50 are axially alined and rrigid in Y direction structure. .'lVithin thefront portionf12 of Y Y* the casing 'the integral` structure contains an oiiset sectionhereinabove referred toas section ofthe shafting 50-23 whichiis made the angular section or crank arm'22 describes` a-cone ink thee-rotation of the spindle 28. The' spindle .23 is housed inl a" tubular .extension y12@ 4ofthe casing' 12 and'v turns in'roller bearings 65 vanrd'66. i The end 67y ofV spindle 23 is rigidly associated with a collar 68 which is substantially'an extendedfportion of ithe shaft 50. vThe collarf68bears! directly in the bearing 66. Collar 68 is provided with ank annular shoulder 69 whichV abuts the inner frace of the bearing 66. The material of collar 68 provides an irregular shaped strengthen- V' thecrankfjarm 22.. By construction .itVK is a.y

. angular to .the shaft 50 in such a manner :that i annular groove 42`from which a plurality of port holes 48 (Figs. 1 yand 3)v which extend' ingfiiange in which the bearing shoulder 69 is formed. .In 1 the flange atthe bot- .tom is shown of considerable thickness and.

of considerable-radial extent being indicated f at 7 0.V Such a construction provides a mass of material which is arranged' to counterbalance the weight ofthe voifsetsection of the shaft, thereby reducing any tendency toward vibration of the device during rotation; Y The upper partfof the liange is thinner and narl rower in radial vextent and merges into a Hangs 71 at the end of the angular portion or crank arm 22. f Y

Crank arm 22 serves as a pivot for a surrounding sleeve 72 which contributes to the izo,

iformation of the crairkarnilhereinabove referred to as common i'to the series of sbell icran'llrs, Whose :etherYa-rins yare embodied in 'craiilripl'ate'. 'Fli'efsleeve-721er arranged! to be rigidly associated with akbcvel gear 73 wvhich 2in the "present 'iinstance is la ylseparate fstruc'ture freni th'eisleeve. Therigid struc- Fture ineludingrsfl'eeve i72fandigear73 has ball hearing-engagement :with 4 the crank #arm 22. rt `one iendthel'lange'ql iis formed Iinto a ball racewhileithe'e'nclf ofi the sleeve is cupped fat'flt Ito forni the other race fori'the balls?? 5. 'The rear end iportion'of fthe fer-ank farm 22 lias an fenlarged section for ange' 7 '6 which iis shaped fto fforinia ball race `l'acingthe'ball y'race ofliange'l. Thefgear 373 hiasria'lball iriace coinplenjientaryto that offlange ".76 4i'or the b-allsl?. SleeveQ is e-Xternally threaded and is arranged to be screwed into a threaded Sopeninfg inlfgeiar'i' forrigidly-eonnecting the 'two ltogether'. A 4nut 78 also threaded fon vthevsleevefserves to -lock'the sleeve I'Qand fgearz'itogether. :'It Willbe observed 'that p Vthe fpresent 'arrangement fof i the ball races requires fthat ithe -s'leeve 7 2 :be screwed Vinto the .fgear '17B to fcontract the length fo'f the gear=sleeve fori )crank farm' 21 fforthe purpose foffassemblingi th'eballsiin-'their races. fl-lence, 1inl the .ri gid 'constrn'etion disclosed 1 in fFig. l thereiisfafspace 'QFbetWeen'thefend dsleeve 72 and theinner-partei?!thegear.

Infaccordance Withlthe principle ofz opera- ALI above mentioned application, ftli'e plate'() fniust finerely `Wabble 'about therein'las the crank aiins 2l 'and'22gyrate- Als inthef vice of.theraforeinenticned application the plate 20 isfixed against the nndesirablefrotta- 'tionby a geared relationship ivthtlie cars iig fforinin'g 1 in effect a universal: connection therewith. This :is laccomplished by 'iixing IplateLQO't-o gear'srfandmeshing gear'73 into afcorrespondingfbevel 1 gearSO 'fixed -into lthe casing. :The gear 80 is providedwvith a sleeve portion 8l `whichsurrounds shaft 160. Gear Y `SO'is fixed: and nonlrotatableinthe easing by .any suitable'niethod as by. the cllntcli t'eet-lTSln `(Figs. l and lll).

'f ings between the cranlr arrn'landl'theuvabbling unit as.l above `set ortliis o'priinary importance. Thus, these bearingsserve not only to mount the-Wabbler unit solas toperniit relativerotation zbetween itand theciank arin l: AWith aininimuinoffrictional resistance,`but

they serve to maintain` aproper operativei'elation between' the gears 573 and f 8'0, holding lthe vgear-73 in such position asto `'prevent a complete intermeshing with thegear-BO and 'thus preventinga grinding action ybetween nnrstnot rotate-WithE respect to the casing,E but p iIn' the application of my' inventiont'o `lportl The plate 2() is made rigid with the erfanli arm 2l by providing fit)` Withfa lfiange 82 clamped betvveenfthefgear fand itslloclrnut .578. 'The ormfoflplateQO is 'illustratediin lfFigs. ,9fandl0. iFlange SQFis made onaalfti'i'b'ular: portion? k8 3' struck fromf'the. plate @Odor-um of the fpl-ate 'has a hernspliercal depressioni Se for a 'ball 85 *carried Eby f each {piston irod i119. A -plfate8`6 (Fig. 8) fconivple'rnentary tto plate 20 Ais provided 'Ito rconiple'tethe lbell fc'rankfplatestructure. Plate-*S is provided Witlicirciilar lioles 8T ati each coriier=1and lis provided yvvitlr spherically curved i"'f11anges 588 iabout eaeh hole. The corners of the `plate arefs'lotted at'89 informing van entry 'intofthe lioles 87 through 'which lthe fpist'on irods 'Q9 i may be inserted. vThe edges oftheplatefare uptuined at 90-to receivetlieslightlylsnraller `gplate 20. A* centralfopeninglin-plate SGv'is fornied to 4perinit engagement' off'the 'bevel gear-S73 land() therethroughp lIn Figfll :mounted relation; as by'i'neans of2 the nuts' 9l 'threaded on vvthe Y bltsl 92 vvhich pass "through fboth` plates. The piston rods rare"sho'vsn in #cross section -and the balls "'85 are shovvn 1 in elevation. p 1 5 j l l loprovide lanf exit' `'fori-pres'surelfluidleakfing into''tlief casing Aand itc v cool'fthe rotating 'parts 1an eX'pitv-i's fn'i'ad'e through"ther-rotating vstructure from fthe "front 1' tof the rejar o' l"the device. "This isia'ccoinplshed by iproviding vafcontii'inous communicating 'passage f therethrough c'omprisin the` openings/93 in vfcrank rm 22,' 94? through yshaft'() 'to'A theenfd' thiere- I konthef annularspace39-in-1 the valvemeinber-j "thefeXtr-a pair= ofy slots fB in l the valve finember, an annular` space 395` surrounding the flock' nutsfandf54,fand" a passage through :the cylinderi block 24 and the v'back pl-atefl.

By the above construction it .fis pos-sible to malrevth'e ballf bearings between Ethe two eranlrfarnisQl *and'22 cit-avery small ldiameter. 4Thislis desirable becausefthef'devi'ce Ioperates high-sp eed gan d3 in bearings of large l'diameter 'the peripheral speed of ftheballs ivvould-be so great as toucaus'e excessive 'ave-ar. f

In additionfr the constructionr provides-a-snrall- Ver nuinber'of partsivhi'ch Zare capable of be ing "economically manufactured and lwhich -ar'e of suclia character thatthey inaybe' read- A=`ily fassembled into the device and replaced j 'Whensuliiciently Worn. 4*Suchfa-strueturefen ablesftlie manufacturer to; producejaneliicient deviceeconornically and f' to vprovide i the user "with a device which will at all times 'i beca- -pableo eiicienti operation'- by the `-siniple`re llU hpaving'a gyrating series of bellcranks, a shaft [having its two ends alinedandhaving an iny termediateintegral section offsetv at an angle Ythereto with its axis adapted to describe a cone ynewalof .partswhen they are worn.` The character of ,the partsy permits such renewal at asmall expense which isa desirable. feaf ture to the purchaser and user of suchY a device. fr y I claim as my invention: 1 f Y V1L In a device of the characterv described Y in therotation ofthe shaft, asleeve pivoted aboutl said section, saidsleeve constituting Van arm common to 'eachiof thebell `cranks of the series, andballs bearing in races formed Vdirectly in said shaft section and in said sleeve, saidsleevebeing adjustable to permit insertion and removal lof -said balls. 2. In ardevice of the character described having a gyrating series lof bellfcranks, ja

shaft having its two ends alined and having v2in-intermediate section osetat an angleV .thereto with its axis `adaptedto describe a 1 cone inthe rotationfof the shaft, a sleeve-like 25 i f constituting an arml common to each of the structure about said section, said structure `jbell cranks of the;series,flanges onl said section forming separatedrball races facing each other, and means forming, separated races in' said sleeve structure, complementary to Y said other races,`balls :for the twosets 'ofl complementary races, one enduof the 'sleevestructure g having screw threaded relation with the other l (end Jtoeffect contraction of the sleeve for assembling the device.

A- 3. In a devicel ofthe characterg described having agyrating arm .and alined end por- V tions integral therewithand rotating about an e axis, anonrotating sleeve on said arm, a pair of bearings interposed betweengsaid sleeveV and said arm and eachcoinprising. aY series ofrolling elements, andgmeansproviding' relative movement between vbearing parts on` said sleeverandy arm to ypermit insertion and` removal of. said elements while said sleeve vis mounted on said arm. Y.

' 4; In a device of the characterY described having a gyrating arm andalined end portions integral therewith and rotatingY about an axis, a nonrotating-sleeve on said arm, and a pair of bearings v,interposed between said sleevevand said'k arin and eachfincliiding a Y series ofrrclling elements, said sleeve andsaid arm having a variable .relation therebetween while in assembled relation to permit inser-Y tionand removal of said elements.

5L; In a device of the character described.

'y having a'gyratingjseries ofbell cranks, in

combination, a shaft, a crank arm rigidwith saidshaft at an angle thereto wherebythe axis of said arm describes a cone in therota- Y i ytion ofthe shaft, a sleeve-like structure about said section forming an arm' common to each of the. belly cranks of the series, one end of saidl ysleeve l structure being screw-threaded f the'bell crankslto-rotategthe shaft;

relatively with the other end to 'effect-longi-` tudinal adjustment 4ofthe, sleeve.L i' f' 6, In a deviceof the character described l, di'

having a gyratingrseries of bell Crankgfjn combinatiomfa shaft, aA crank arm rigid with saidA shaft 'at anangle thereto `whereby the axis of said armdescribeSla cone invthero'tajforf the two. setsof the complementary races, one end of the sleeve'structure Vbeing screw threaded relatively with'the other end to eli- Av feet. contraction of the sleeve to assemble'the device.` i Y f *v 7 In va device of the' characterdescribed, having, in combination, a casing,r aV driven lshaft withV an angularV portion therein, a series of bell cranks havingonearm in comrmon, said common arm being sleeve-like'in form andbeiiigrelatively rotatable on said angular POTIOD, a bevel gear-screwedv onto 4said sleeve and` being concentric therewith,

means to-locksaid gear fixedY to said sleeve, ase'condi'bevel gear fixed in said' casing'con-l centric with said shaft, and means to operate r8. In' a device VofV the vcharacter described having a casing, afdriven shaft within the casing, havingan angular sectiontherein, a

series-of bell cranks'comprising, in combina! tion, a sleeve'rotatable on; said angular shaft section, a bevel gear' threaded onto said sleeve,

a plate having a dished portion anda flange said plate between the nut and the gear, bevel lgear fixed to said casing'concentric with said shaft, said sleeve being-one armin commonforthebell cranks, and'said-plate einbodying the other arms, and means to operate Y the bell cranks to rotate the shaft, j f

9. In aV deviceofthe character described having a gyrating armrotatingupon an axis, a gyrating Vnonfrotating sleeve on said arin, two ball bearings betweenjsaid sleeve and said f arm, Veach bearinghaving/one racethereof formed in, said sleeve and the ,other race variable in ,length toeffect mounting of thev sleeve on the arm.

l0.V In a device of the character described rhaving a gyrating arm Vrotating upon an axis,

portion fitting oversaidbevel gear, alock nut on said sleeve adapted to clamp ythe flange on l-lO V formed in said arm, oneof saidinembers being Y" Y a gyrating non-rotating sleeve on'saidarm,

two ball bearings betweensaid sleeve and said arm,the armhaving two ballvraces lfacing each other, said sleeve having two ball races facing away from eachother, and said sleeve;

having aA contractile construction wherebyl the races of the sleeve may be moved toward each other lfor mounting the sleeve on the arm.

ISU

l1. In aI device of the class described, in combination, a shaft having a main section and a section angular to the main section, and a pair of intermeshing bevel gea-rs, each gear being annular in form, one gear being iiXed concentrically with the main section of the shaft and the other gear bearing upon the angular section and providing a bearing ball race on the inner side.

l2. A pressure fluid actuated tool comprisinga casing, a plurality of motor units arranged in circular series in the casing, a shaft having an inclined part disposed on one side oi its axis,` a pressure membermounted in the casing between said part and said motor units and adapted for wobbling movement in the operation of said units, said pressure member including an outer annular ring with one side of which said motor units are operatively connected, an inner ring fitting into said outer ring from the other side of the latter, and hearing means including a thrust bearing interposed between said inner ring and said inclined part of the shaft.

13. In a device of the character described, the combination of an arm rotating upon a fixed axis, a wobbling non-rotating platestructure mounted on said arm, said structure including a gear elementv rigid therewith, a

\ stationary gear element angularly disposed with respect to the plane of said plate structure and coacting with the gear element on said plate structure to prevent rotation of said plate structure during the gyratingy movements thereof, and a thrust. bearing interposed between said arm and said plate structure and lyin substantially within the plane of said plate structurefto prevent a complete meshing of the gear elements.

in testimony whereof, I have hereunto aii'ixed my signature.

ERNEST H. SHAFF.

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