US1780459A - Gyratory crusher - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 4, 1930. R. BERNH ARD 1 8 GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed Jan. 12, 1924 2 sheots -sheet 2 INVENTOR:

flaws vs I $5; liar/A.

A HZ Z Patented Nov. 4, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE RICHARD BERNHARD, OF ALLENTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR '10 TRAYLOR EN- GINEERING & MANUFACTURING COMPANY, OF ALLENTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA, A

CORPORATION OF DELAWARE GYRATORY CRUSHER Application filed January 12, 1924. Serial No. es5,77e.

My invent-ion relates to gyratory crushers, and is concerned with lubrication of thelr eccentrics. I aim to provide thoroughly effective and=reliable lubrication, and to ob-' the mechanism that drives the eccentric, in-

cluding the gearing just referred to. All this can be accomplished by oil raised from a bath or reservoir below the gear teeth by the mot-ion of parts of the crusher itself,

,ing broken away and omitted.

without necessity for pumps,which have hitherto been employed in such cases.

How these and other results and advantages can be realized through the invention in a novel and very simple manner will appear from the description hereinafter of a selected and preferred embodiment.

In the drawings, Fig. I shows a vertical section through a gyratory crusher with lubricating system and dust-excluding means conveniently embodying my invention,- the upper part of the crusher structure be- Fig. II is a similar fragmentary view of some of the parts shown in Fig. I, one of these parts appearing in elevation instead of in section.

Fig. III is a plan view of some of the parts shown in Figs. I and II, with others in horizontal section as indicated by the line IIIIII in Fig. I.

Fig. IV is a fragmentary view, partly in section, similar to Fig. I, illustrating a somewhat difi'erentconstruction; and,

Fig. V is a fragmentary view similar to Figs. I and IV, illustrating certain simplifications of the construction shown i'h Fig. I.

Fig. I shows a conventional form of gyratory crusher, with casing 10 and with gyratory member comprising crusher shaft 14 (fulcrumed or suspended for vertical ad justment in any suitable manner, not shown) and its head 15. The casing structui? 10 has a central bearing hub 16 for the revolving eccentric, 17 that actuates the lower end of the shaft 14 to produce the gyratory crushing motion of the head 15. The eccentric 17 is driven by connections and mechanism including a horizontal counter-shaft 19 ournaled in a bearing 20 in the casing structure 10, a bevel pinion 21 on the "inner end of the shaft 19, and a cooperating bevel gear 22 fast to the lower end of the eccentric 17. The lower end of the shaft 14 is equipped with a sleeve 24 for accommodating its vertical adjustment and its gyratory wobble, loosely keyed to the shaft at 25 and working in the bore of the eccentric 17. Contrar to usual practice, the lower end of the sha t sleeve 24 is closed. I

In the operation of this or any other gyratory type of crusher, the shaft 14 does not rotate with the eccentric 17, but merely wobbles as the latter revolves. Hence lubrication is needed for both inner and outer bearing surfaces of the eccentric 17,as well as for its driving mechanism. The crushed material falls from the narrow opening between the head 15 and the casing 10 on its way to discharge, so that dust is always present in this region, ready to enter any openings between fixed and gyratory parts and find its way to any bearings or other operating parts thus accessible.

Still referring to Fig. I, it will be seen that in the present instance the structure 10 has a chamber 26 whose lower portion affords a-- oil reservoir is mainly formed by a detach able basin or pan-like structure 27, and the shaft sleeve part 24 is supported by a frusto conical bearing boss 28 upstanding from the bottom ofthis pan 27, in the midst of the oil bath. To lubricate the eccentric 17 etc., oil is continually elevated from the bath and delivered or distributed to the various surfaces requiring lubrication,and ultimate- 1y allowed to return to the bath by gravity, for recirculation.

In the present instance, the means for elevating the oil comprises one or more inclined grooves at the cooperating hearing surfaces of the eccentric 17 and the shaft part 24, extending helically in the part 24 from one end to the other, at about a 45 angle, say. The lower end 31 of the groove 30 is flared or deepened considerably in aradial direction, to aid in assuring a free and ample intake of oil. Even when the crusher is not in operation, the oil naturally extends up into the groove 30 to the level of the supply bath in thechamber 26; and when the crusher is running, the inclination of the groove 30 and the revolution of the eccentric 17 cooperate .to raise oil through the groove 30 to its upper end. In the first place, friction of the oil-with the eccentric bore results in a scraping of the oil upward by the inclined lower edge of the groove 30. Thus the groove 30 is activated as an elevating means by the revolution of the eccentric 1 7 and the eccentric 17 is enabled to raise oil by the presence of saidgroove. However, the gyratory motion of the sleeve member 24 and of the interior of the eccentric 17 is the real efficient cause in raising the oil, by virtue of the gyratory throw given the oil. It is this throw, in other 'words, that. causes the oil to mount in the inclined groove; since the rate of revolution ofthe eccentric v17 of the gyratory crusher is naturally too slow alone to feed the oil upward adequately against gravity by mere friction with the eccentric,as in fans, centrifugal machines, etc., where inclined grooves in or associated with high speed shafts havebeen proposed for lubrication.

Thus the oil is taken and raised by a direct,

- progressive action, as a result of the revolution of theparts 24 and 17, and (in the present instance) at one single stage or lift.

On its way up through the groove 30, the oil is delivered and distributed over the cooperating bearing surfaces of eccentric 17 top of the eccentric 17, one of the parts ispreferably provided with suitable deflecting means for breaking the force of the oil, here shown as a square-bottomed flange or shoulder on the crusher shaft 14. From the annular chamber 34. the oil isdelivered and distributed to various other surfaces re quiring lubrication: to the exterior of eccentric 17 through ports 36 therein that deliver into an annular channel 16 in the hub 16 and one or more vertical grooves 17 in the eccentric; to the interior of shaft sleeve 24 through the clearance 24 between it and the conical portion of the crusher shaft 14 below the crusher head 15; and to the counter-shaft bearing 20 through the openings '36 and a sloping passage or duct 37 in the structure 10, that discharges into a cup 38 on the top ofthe bearing 20. From the pool in this cup 38, part of the oil enters the bearing through its opening 38, as usual in such cases, while the excess overflows and returns to the reservoir 27 through an opening in the wall 39 that supports the inner end of the bearing 20. '1

To insure an effective supply and distribution of oil to the exterior of the eccentric 17 the upper edge of the opening '37 may be made higher (by an inch or less, say) than the top of said eccentric and the shaft sleeve 24. so as to serve as an overflow or dam'for maintaining a pool or puddle of oil over the upper end of the oil groove 17. For the same purpose,and to assure a supply to the passage 37,the outlet 17 from the lower end of the groove 17 (between the lower end of the hub 16 and the top of the gear 22) may be constricted, so that the groove 17 shall always be completely full of oil, clear up to the pool in the chamber 34. The oil issuing ina leak or trickle from the groove outlet 17 runs over the teeth of the gear 22, thus lubricating the latter, as well as the pinion 21.

As already mentioned, all the oil elevated ultimately returns by gravity to the oil bath. In the present case, the pan-like structure 27 not only serves the purposes of an oil reservoir, but also carries a flat bearing ring 40 on which the gear 22 and the associated parts are supported for revolution. Accordingly. the structure 27 has an apertured inner annular wall 42 upstanding from its bottom, with an apertured horizontal annular web 43 extending between the same and the outer pan wall to afford a seat for the ring 40. The ring 40 is held against displacement relative to the eccentric 17, etc., by a depending flange or shoulder 44 at the lower end of the latter, around the shaft part 24. Thus the bearing ring is supported in the oil, and the latter has free access and passage around the 'gear 22 and down around and under the ring 40 to the annular space within the wall 42 around the boss 28.

Any preferred sealing means may be employed to exclude dust from the inner and outer eccentric bearings and the lubricating systemsuch, for example, as that described and claimed in application, Serial No. 685.763 filed Jan. 12, 1924, by me and John T. Hassjointly, entitled Gyratory crusher, and assigned to the assignee of this application.

The construction shown in Fig. IV differs from that of Figs. I-III in having the part 24 section 24 is substantially like the lower portion of the member 24 in external form, and is operatively connected with the upper section (and the shaft 14) by any suitable means,-such as a loose-fitting diametral tongue and groove connection 24: at the lane of division. The oil-raising groove 30 is divided between the sleeve sections 2?, 24", but is in effect continuous from top to bottom, just as in Fig. 1. Any friction between the sections 24 24 will be amply lubricated by oil that will naturally find its way between them at 24".

\Vhatever its construction, the interconnecting means 24 is preferably made so laterally yielding that while it causes relative rotation as between the memberor section 2 1* and the eccentric 17, no real lateral thrust will be transmitted from the crusher shaft to the lower member24". Hence this latter will be practically free of lateral bearing pressure and wear, and the corresponding portion of the eccentric 17 need not be babbitted. The member 24 may be cast as a hollow cylinder with closed ends, for the-sake of lightness, and may be sealed up (after removal of the core used in casting it) to 8X-' elude oil from its interior.

This construction offers the advantage of a smaller and shorter wearing sleeve part, easier to manufacture, and of obviating all necessity for ba-bbittins, the lower portion of the eccentric 17. It is thus especially suitable and advantageous for very large crushers.

The construction shown in Fig. V differs from that of Figs. I-III in omitting the supplemental sleeve part 24 altogether. Accordingly, the lower end of the crusher shaft 14 has the external shape of the part24 in Figs. I-III, and the groove 30 is formed directly in this integral portion-.of the shaft itself. To prevent impairment offthe oilraising action by bodily elevation of the groove 30 when the crusher shaft 14 is adjusted, said shaft 14 is shown of such ample length that the lower end of the groove 30 need never be lifted out of the oil bath. When the crusher shaft 14 is suspended from its upper end, as above described, the bearing 28 of Figs. IIII is, of course, superfluous with this Fig. V construction.

This simplified construction is especially adapted andadvantageous for crushers of relatively small size.

In Figs. IV and V, various parts and features are marked with the same reference characters as in Figs. I-III, as a means of dispensing with merely repetitive description.

Having thus described my invention, I clainr;

1. In a lubricating system for a gyratory crusher, the combination with the upright gyratory member of the crusher and its cooperating eccentric, and the driving gears for the latter, of an oil bath below the gear teeth freely receiving the gravity drainage of oil from the parts above, and an inclined channel at the co-operating bearing surfaces of the aforesaid co-operating parts opening directly into said oil bath, so as to draw and elevate the oil therefrom to lubricate theec centric and the gyratory member by virtue of the gyratory throw due to their rotary and eccentric motion, notwithstanding the slow rate of revolution of the eccentric.

2. In a lubricating system for a gyratory crusher, the combination with the upright gyratory member of the crusher and its cooperating eccentric, and the driving gears for the latter, of an oil bath below the gear teeth freely receiving the gravity drainage of oil from the parts above, and an inclined channel in said. gyratory member opening directly into said oil bath, so as to draw and elevate the oil therefrom to lubricate the eccentric and the gyratory member by virtue of the gyratory throw due to their rotary and eccentric motion, notwithstanding the slow rate of revolution of the eccentric.

3. In a lubricating system for a gyratory crusher, the combination with a suspended upright gyratory crusher shaft and'its revolving eccentric and ,a sleeve on the shaft forming an extension thereof within the eccentric, of an oil reservoir about the lower ortions of said eccentric and sleeve and a Eearingsupport for the sleeve upstanding from the bottom of said reservoir, and means at the co-operating bearing surfaces of eccentric and sleeve for picking up and elevating oil from said reservoir.

4:- In a lubricating system for a gyratory crusher, the combination with the upright gyratory member of the crusher and its eccentric, of a member in said eccentric forming a downward extension of said gyratory membeer and operatively but yieldingly connected to the latter, so as to share the relative rotation of eccentric and gyratory member without transmitting lateral thrust, an oil bath about said extension member, and an inclined channel at the co-operating bearing surfaces of said eccentric and said extension opening into said oil bath and extending upward to said gyratory member, so as to draw and elevate the oil to the gyratory member and lubricate the same and the eccentric.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed 'my name at Allentown, Pennsylvania, this fourth day of January, 1924.

RICHARD BERNHARD.

Images