US1779809A - Tarnish-resisting silver and silver plate and process for producing the same - Google Patents

Tarnish-resisting silver and silver plate and process for producing the same Download PDF

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Publication number
US1779809A
US1779809A US673024A US67302423A US1779809A US 1779809 A US1779809 A US 1779809A US 673024 A US673024 A US 673024A US 67302423 A US67302423 A US 67302423A US 1779809 A US1779809 A US 1779809A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
silver
tarnish
metals
producing
resisting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US673024A
Inventor
Gray Daniel
Richard O Bailey
William S Murray
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ONEIDA COMMUNITY Ltd
Original Assignee
ONEIDA COMMUNITY Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ONEIDA COMMUNITY Ltd filed Critical ONEIDA COMMUNITY Ltd
Priority to US673024A priority Critical patent/US1779809A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1779809A publication Critical patent/US1779809A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C26/00—Coating not provided for in groups C23C2/00 - C23C24/00
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/934—Electrical process
    • Y10S428/935—Electroplating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/941—Solid state alloying, e.g. diffusion, to disappearance of an original layer
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12896—Ag-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12986—Adjacent functionally defined components

Definitions

  • the tarnishing of silver or silver plate is a source of much inconvenience and expense to dealers and users in that frequent cleaning of the silver or silver plate, by rubbing,
  • polishing, etc. is necessary to restore them to their natural color and brightness; such cleanin also in time resulting in more or less wear 0 the polished surface and the ornamentation thereon.
  • alloy metals preferred forthis purpose and which are included within the phrase a metal having a shielding action as to tarnish as hereinafter used in the claim are tin, aluminum, calcium, magv nesium, bismuth, palladium, zinc and antimony. These may be used separately or in combination of two or more, according to the results desired. Such combination is particularly desirable where the metal, as, for example, palladium, is too expensive for use alone.
  • the present invention has particular reference to the production of tarnish resisting silver or silver plate having a silver content equal to or exceeding that of coin or sterling silver, namely about 90% or 92 the other contents being a base metal, such for example, as copper, and such shielding metal or metals.
  • the silver content may however, and in some cases will greatly exceed these percentages so that the alloy will be pure silver except for a small percentage Application filed November 1 928. Seriallio. 673,024.
  • the silver or s' ver plate alloy may be produced in the following three ways:
  • the base to be plated will be the cathode and the silver and shielding metal or metals the anodes, and the relative thickness of the two metals (silver and alloy) may be regulated, and therefore the relative proportions of these two metals in the final product predetermined by varying the current density of the solution and the length of time the cathode is immersed in the solution.
  • the silver here referred to may be in sheets or other forms to be afterwards used in the manufacture of silverware articles or it may be finished articles of silverware, such as spoons, forks, etc.
  • article as used in the following claim is intended to include ingots, sheets etc. of silver and also manufactured silverware articles.
  • a tarnish resisting article whose outer surface portion comprises an intimatemixtu-re of solid metals, one of which is silver and another of which is a metal absorbed in the silver and having a shielding action as to tarnish, the silver forming the principal component, said surface portion having the properties of a solid solution resulting from the absorption of the shielding metal by solid silver.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)

Description

Patented Oct. 28, 1930 UNITED STATESVPATENT OFFICE DANIEL- GRAY AND RICHARD O. BAILEY, OF ONEIDA, AND WILLIAM S. MURRAY, UTICA, NEWYORK, ASSIGNORS TO ONEIDA COMMUNITY, LIMITED, 01' ONEIDA, NEW
YORK, A CORPORATION OF NEW YORK TARN ISH-RESISTIN G SILVER AND SILVER PLATE AND PROCESS FOR PRODUCING THE SAME No Drawing.
5 of producing such an alloy or article.
The tarnishing of silver or silver plate is a source of much inconvenience and expense to dealers and users in that frequent cleaning of the silver or silver plate, by rubbing,
polishing, etc., is necessary to restore them to their natural color and brightness; such cleanin also in time resulting in more or less wear 0 the polished surface and the ornamentation thereon.
This objection is overcome by the improve ments of the present invention, which provides a silver or silver plate alloy or articles consisting of or having a surface of such an alloy. 1
This is accomplished according to the present invention by combining with silver or silver plate a metal or metals which, in such combination, will have a shielding action as to tarnish so that the article consisting of such an alloy or having such an alloy surface will be tarnish resisting.
The alloy metals preferred forthis purpose and which are included within the phrase a metal having a shielding action as to tarnish as hereinafter used in the claim are tin, aluminum, calcium, magv nesium, bismuth, palladium, zinc and antimony. These may be used separately or in combination of two or more, according to the results desired. Such combination is particularly desirable where the metal, as, for example, palladium, is too expensive for use alone.
The present invention has particular reference to the production of tarnish resisting silver or silver plate having a silver content equal to or exceeding that of coin or sterling silver, namely about 90% or 92 the other contents being a base metal, such for example, as copper, and such shielding metal or metals. The silver content may however, and in some cases will greatly exceed these percentages so that the alloy will be pure silver except for a small percentage Application filed November 1 928. Seriallio. 673,024.
of the alloy metal. This is particularly desirable for silverlating.
The silver or s' ver plate alloy may be produced in the following three ways:
1st, By the electrodeposition upon each other of successive alternate layers of silver" and the shielding metal or metals and the diffusion of the latter thru the former. Stating this in a more detailed way, a layer of the shielding metal or metals is first deposited upon a, suitablebase, a layer of silver is then deposited upon thislayer of shielding metal or metals, and the product of these two operations is then subjected to heat to cause the diifusion'of the shielding metal or metals thru and. to the surface of the silver. This step of heating is preferably carried on in a non-oxidizing atmosphere (and for that purpose in an oil bath) first, at a temperature of 350 F. for four hours and then at a temperature of 425 F. for eight hours. i
In the solution or solutions used for such electrodeposition the base to be plated will be the cathode and the silver and shielding metal or metals the anodes, and the relative thickness of the two metals (silver and alloy) may be regulated, and therefore the relative proportions of these two metals in the final product predetermined by varying the current density of the solution and the length of time the cathode is immersed in the solution.
2nd, By superimposing layers of the silver and the shielding metal or metals, and then combining and intimately uniting the layers,
by hot rolling or by cold rolling followed by heating.
3rd, By finely dividing the alloy metal or metals and then subjecting the silver and such metal or metals, in an atmosphere of hydrometal. The silver here referred to may be in sheets or other forms to be afterwards used in the manufacture of silverware articles or it may be finished articles of silverware, such as spoons, forks, etc.
The term article as used in the following claim is intended to include ingots, sheets etc. of silver and also manufactured silverware articles.
What is claimed is:
A tarnish resisting article whose outer surface portion comprises an intimatemixtu-re of solid metals, one of which is silver and another of which is a metal absorbed in the silver and having a shielding action as to tarnish, the silver forming the principal component, said surface portion having the properties of a solid solution resulting from the absorption of the shielding metal by solid silver.
In testimony whereof, we have hereunto set our hands.
- DANIEL GRAY.
RICHARD O. BAILEY. WILLIAM S. MURRAY.
US673024A 1923-11-05 1923-11-05 Tarnish-resisting silver and silver plate and process for producing the same Expired - Lifetime US1779809A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2438967A (en) * 1943-05-21 1948-04-06 Indium Corp Indium-gold article and method
US2555375A (en) * 1948-11-13 1951-06-05 Battelle Development Corp Process of plating bright silver alloy
US3260578A (en) * 1962-11-16 1966-07-12 Monsanto Co Coated induction heating coil for zone refining apparatus
US4247602A (en) * 1978-06-19 1981-01-27 Ferd. Wagner Silver alloy wire for jewelry chains
US4752536A (en) * 1985-04-19 1988-06-21 Nikkan Industries Co., Ltd. Metal coated potassium titanate fibers and method for manufacturing the same
US5614327A (en) * 1994-09-09 1997-03-25 Sarthoise De Revetements Electrolytiques Process for protecting a silver or silver-coated part
US20060246313A1 (en) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-02 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method of reducing corrosion of silver containing surfaces
EP4249646A1 (en) * 2022-03-24 2023-09-27 Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials LLC Method of inhibiting tarnish formation and corrosion

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2438967A (en) * 1943-05-21 1948-04-06 Indium Corp Indium-gold article and method
US2555375A (en) * 1948-11-13 1951-06-05 Battelle Development Corp Process of plating bright silver alloy
US3260578A (en) * 1962-11-16 1966-07-12 Monsanto Co Coated induction heating coil for zone refining apparatus
US4247602A (en) * 1978-06-19 1981-01-27 Ferd. Wagner Silver alloy wire for jewelry chains
US4752536A (en) * 1985-04-19 1988-06-21 Nikkan Industries Co., Ltd. Metal coated potassium titanate fibers and method for manufacturing the same
US5614327A (en) * 1994-09-09 1997-03-25 Sarthoise De Revetements Electrolytiques Process for protecting a silver or silver-coated part
US20060246313A1 (en) * 2005-04-28 2006-11-02 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method of reducing corrosion of silver containing surfaces
US7575665B2 (en) 2005-04-28 2009-08-18 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method of reducing corrosion of silver containing surfaces
EP4249646A1 (en) * 2022-03-24 2023-09-27 Rohm and Haas Electronic Materials LLC Method of inhibiting tarnish formation and corrosion

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