US1778958A - Gas calorimeter - Google Patents

Description

s. w. PARR GAS CALORIMETER Oct. 21, 1930.

Filed April 19, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 l NVENTOR BY l amRNEYs 0a. 21, 1930. S,W,PARR 1,778,958

(ms CALORIMETER Filed April 19, 1928 2 Sheets-sheet 2' INVENTOR BY I 73%; ZDMflyMwM U ATTORNEYS Patented out. 21,1930

\- on Monmn, ntnrnors, jA eonronnrron"orDEtawaRE-f o nor UnBA'itA; iL IjI NoI's, assmnon rec tween-ema ates},

I GAS cALoRrMErnn ap ii tioh 'fi ea April 19,

calorimeter apparatuspas well as improvements in the electrical control systeme'mployed'. It will be appreciated that the heating value of anycombustibl'e gas canbedeten mined by ascertaining its effect on a body of liquid, such as water, when the gas is burned in heatexchanging relation with theliquid. The calorific value of a gas is ordinarily ex- -Q pressed in British thermal units per cubic foot of gas under certain definite conditions of temperature andlpressure. The B. t. In. has V v in "order to determine thelca'lor ficvalueoi been defined as the quantity of heat required to.raise the temperature ofone pound of pure Water one Fahrenheit degree. It is'ithere after descr bedln detail includes means for :t'ore apparent that it a cubic foot of gas under standard conditions of temperature and pressure (say 60 degrees Fahrenheit and inches of mercury) be burned under a cubic 30 foot of water, then, neglecting radiation losses, the calorifievalueof the gas expressed in BJt. u; per cubic foot is equal to the change in temperature of the'water expressed in degrees Fahrenheit, multipliedby the weight of a cubic foot of Water. It is also true that the calorific value of a gas can beascertained directly by noting the temperature change produced by the combustion of the gas when certain volumes of the gas are burned'so as to deliver their heat unitsto equal volumes of Water. a

The calorimeter embodying thepresent invention is preferably ofthertype in which equal volumes of gas are burned under equal volumes of Water. at constant'tempe'rature and pressure whereby the calorific value of the gas can be determined by applying a single factor to the temperature rise caused by the combustion of the gas. 1 I r Y 3 :Means are preferably provided whereby a gas. so supplied to the burnelxl masfsriai no. 2713259.

continuous 'fiolw of water to a suitable heater is;accompaniecl by a continuous. flow of gas to the burner of-this heater-.f The, flow of water and gas is controlled in such a mannerf e that the volume ofwaterqsupplied to, the165 heater isequalto, or bears a'prfedetermined" relation to, the volume ofga's suppliedto :the heater, rand means are-provided foririsufiirg a constantxtemperature and pressure of the YWhile the improved calorimeter is preferably constructed so as toideliver equal v0.1.- umesnotjgasvanid w'ater,;it torbe noted that v the quantity of gas or of water neednotbe ascertained in order tofdetermine the cal- 05 critic value of the gas.-':In other word in i order to determine the calorific Value'of the 7 gas, it sis not necessary to determine the amount'or quantity of gas or of wafter pass"- ingyth ro'ugh the calorimeter. The quantity Z9; of. gascan be ascertained if this isdesi-red, but it is not necessaryto ascertain this factor the gas. 7

' The embodiment otthe 'invention hereii r '1 raising the temperature of the water tote G rtain' predetermined value priont'o the en trance of this water into the heaterwherein its temperature is raisedby the gasv being tested. Means are also, provided forbring= ing the gas to be tested into heat e-Xchanging relation with the preheated water, so that the temperatureof this gas is raised to ap-proxi matelythat'offithe preheatedwater. Theo Y calorimeter of the present invention preferably includes meansfo-r circulating the water through the apparatus instead: of continuously taking in'afre sh supplyof water Which is discharged after being-heated; Cooling 9Q meansmay be'aprovidedin the circulation syse tem for reconditioning the waterjafter it"has been heated; A pressure regulator for controlling the flow of the gasxis also provided.

' The flow of the preheated gas or water to the water heater is preferably controlled by apparatus including two containers, having a water inlet and a gas inlet. A val e, and suitable pipe connections are provided be tween the gas inlets orports of these containers andcthe burner Which burnsthe test gas, and there is also a pipe connection to the source of heated or conditioned gas de- 3 scribed above) This valve and the pipes communicating therewith areso arranged that at one instant the gas port inone of the containers is=connected to the burner and the gas port in the other container is connected to the supply; of conditionedjgas M I i A valve anda plurality of pipes, similar to the valve andpipe 'connectionsjustde' scribed, are arranged so as to connect the Water inlets or ports of the tWo containers With thevvater, heater and ,Wltll the sourceof The water heater referred by the preheated Water. to is the one:to Which heat is supplied 7 burner Whichj consumes the test gas; f'lhis last-mentioned valve and associated pipe'connection s are arranged so that at one instant the Waterport in 'one container isconnected to the'waterheater and the Water-port 1n the other conta ner s connected to thei'source of preheated water. 'The Water" and gasvalves V just describedshould be actuated in a definite timed relation and it is entirely feasible toactuate these valves by a single means, al-

and supply Watertothe'heater from the con- -tainer'vvhich previously supplied gas to the burner and to supply gas to the burner fromthe container Which'previously supplied Water to the heater. fioat'svvitch connected in circuit With an electrical device for actuating the gas and Water valves, can be used for controlling the change in the connections betWeenthe containers and the other parts of the device. Theapparatus here disclosed includes an improved heater in which the Water is heated by the gasibeingtested. Thisheater is constructed; in such amanner that there is a very eflicient transmission of heat to the Water. A

mixing chamber is provided in fairlyclose proximity to' the heating chamber, thefpurpose of this mixing chamber being to thor ,oughlymix'the heated Water prior to its coming in'contact With the temperature sensitive element which serves to indicate or record the 3 temperature of the heated Waterf Animproved feature of this mixer is adevice for supplying air to the stream of water flowing into the mixer. The stream of Water entrains some of the air and the air bubbles servetoeflect a thorough'mixture of the Wa- V ter Within the mixing chamber. It is pre ferred to have this air supply under control Some means, such as aso that by adjusting theair port the rate Which Water flows into the mixing chamber can be adjusted, 'as Well as the amount of air discharged into the'inixing chamber. e

The calorimeter preferably includes means for actuating the Water and gas valves mentioned above; -It'is desirable to operatethese valves in definite time relation and it is satis-,

factory to have the valve mechanism constructed 1n sucha manner that rotation of the sary change in directional flow of the gas and Water. The valve actuatlng'mechanism pref-- valve member through 90i effects the neceserably includes a motor for operating'the valve together with suitable time controlled means for starting and stopping theinotor at predetermined intervals as hereinafter described. The motor can be arranged so as to.

be started and stoppedby the float switches described above as being arranged within the two containers Which are alternatelyffilled with Water and gas.

paratus hereindisclosed for conditioning the airsupplied to theburner. fln order toavoid any errors in the indications or record made byJ-the instrument, itis desirable to have the air brought to a predeternnned temperature before it is supplied to the burner. It is also desirable to have the humidity Qfthe air broughtzto a predetermined value. My

invent-ion contemplates the provision of means for conditioning the air both as to temperature and as to, humidity; preferably bybringing the air into heat eXchan'ging re-' lation With the liquid used in the apparatus and preferably in actual contact With this liquidfi Y 1- 'Aparticular feature of the present invention comprises improved heatj. insulating means for enclosing and segregating various elements of the apparatus and thereby maintaining the temperature of these elements at the desired valves regardless of variations in the temperature of the surrounding atmosphere. For example, it is desirable to thermally insulate the test gas burner from the surrounding atmosphere and from the other apparatus of the calorimeter so that practically all of the heat evolved in burning the gas may be utilized to heat the Water.

It is further 'desirable tofthe'rmally heat in sulate the Water heating tank and the min ingwchamber so that the indicated or recorded temperatures of the Water entering and leavingthese containers may accurately Means are preferably provided in ap-j indicate theamount ofheat derived from the @1551; gas." Thus, in order that the calorimeter may accurately indicate or record the true calorific: value of the gas being tested Without'erroneous variations-due to changes in external temperature, the present invention contemplatesthe provision of improved heat insulating partitions and "housings whereby certain" portions of" the calorimeter apparatus. are'thermally isolated from other i portions thereof, and whereby the entire apcharacteristic details of the. present invenparatus is thermally i I rounding atmosphere.

nsulated from the sur- Other specific objects of the invention include improvements in the valve operating andicontrolling mechanism, whereby sparking. at electrical contacts is prevented, and

improvements in the electrical controlcircults and.dev ceswherebythe:use of relays or similar apparatus is avoided.

[Other specific objects, advantages :and

tionwill become'apparent as the description thereof progresses.

. In describing the invention-indetail, refs fe'rence will 'be had to the accompanying drawings, in which: r .Figure 1:. is diagrammatic representationof the apparatus comprising the calorimeter ofthe present invention, the approximate position of the insulating partitions, and walls relative to the Various elements of the calorimeter apparatus being. indicated by dot anddash lines; Y

Fig. 2 is a side sectional view of the calorimetercabinetshowing the heat insulating partitions, wallsfand housing,with certain 215,620, filedAugufst 26, 1927, these'portions of the calorimeter will only ,belbriefiy described herein. a V V A water tank 6 is provided, and is supplied with'conditioned water through a pipe 5. The water so supplied preferably com prises water from the heater which h'as bee'n cooled to. the-desired predeterminedtemperature by suitable apparatus and returned by a circulating pumpor equivalent means.

Suitable apparatus for reconditioning "the.

water in this. manner is described in detail in mypcopending application, Serial ,No;

215,620, filed August 26, 1927. An overflowpipe 8 servesato maintaina constant water level within this tank 6. A pipe 9 delivers the water from the tank 6 to the water valve 10, and two pipes 11 and 12 extend between the valve 10 and thetwo containers 13 and 3 14. Water is alternately delivered to these.

containers under the-control of the valve, 10. The gas to be tested enters a temperature equalizing coil 7 within the tank 6 through a suitable pipe connecti0n 15. The gas fiowiug in this coil 7'isbrought to a temperature 'in'gthe tank25,';and a similar thermometer approximately equal to that of the preheated waterwhich is supplied to the tank'6 by the pipe '5. The'gas leaves the-coil 7 through'a I pipe 16, passesthrough a pressure regulator 17 of'any well known type, and enters agas valve 19througha pipe 18. Two pipes 20 to i and 21 connectthe housinggof the gas valve 1'9 with the upper ends ofthe containers 13 and 14 respectively, and gas is alternately supplied to these two containers under the control of the valve 19. Api'pe 22 connects,

the valve 19 with a burner 23, and a pipe 24 connects the water valve 10 with the heating tank 25. The gasto be tested is burned in the burner 23, andsupplies its heat to the water within: the tank 25. 'A thermometer 103 may be suitably inserted in the pipe 24 at the point40 forthe purpose of measuring or. 111-; dicating, the temperature of. the water'enter- 104 may be used at the point 41 for the puripose 01 indicating the temperature of the water afterithas left the container 25 and pass'edthrough the mixing chainber28; In many cases, it is preferable toemploy' a differential, temperature--- recording device for recording the diiierencein the watertem- I peratures at the points and 41, and as such adevice is usually connectedbvmeans of wires or tubularconnections, the connections 26 and 27 have been'indicatedat the points 40 4:1.1QSP6Ci1VGlY, it being understood that these connections," lead to a differential recording device, thermometers or other suitable temperature responsive means.

curial thermometer and a differential tem-' we It is often preferred to employ both mer perature recording device, so that the ther mometers maybe used to check and calibrate .7

the indications of the recording device. Ac cordingly,both the recording. device connec-. tions 26 and 27- .and the mercurial'then mometers 103 and 104 haveibeen shown connected' to the40 and 41 respectively." Y The water is heated by the test gas in the heater. tank 25, and passes through'the pipe 83 to the mixing chamber 28. A short piece of piping 84 connects with the pipe83 at a point near the mixing chamber28 and the upper endfof' this piping is provided'with an air intake orifice 86 which'may becon trolled by a suitablevalveQ The air intake orifice serves to control the ra te 'of flow of liquid from the heater tank 25-to the mixing chamber 28,- and further serves to permit the liquid: flowing in the pipe 88 to entrain therein air bubbles which act'to thoroughly mix the heated water before iticomes intocontactgwith the temperature responsive element at the point41. f Q a The liquid passing out of the mixing chainber 28"fiows through a pipe 7 9 into a chamber 1 29 which also'receives such liquid as overflows from the water tank- 6 through the pipe 8. The chamber 29 is employed to condition the ism 'air for the test gas burner 23. Ai'rtromthe surrounding atmosphere enters the chamber 29 through the pipe 77 and comes intodirect contact with the heated Water which drlps from the overflowpipe'and further contacts with the water fromthe mixing chamber 28.

In this manner, the burner air isbrought to a predetern'iined humidity and temperature betore being delivered to the burner 23 through the pipe 80; The burner 23 is enclosed in a heat. insulated chamber as hereinafter described, and the conditioned air is conducted tothis'chainber through the pipe 80 as clearly I shownlin Fig.1. I

' The method or" operation of the calorim eter can be best understood by considering the'manner inwhich the gas and water flows hi'oughthe system when the valves .10,and.

. 19 occupyonevof their operating positions.

The waterwhich has been brought to a pre determined temperature by suitably conditioning apparatuspand which has brought the. temperatureoii the gas to substantially this same predetermined temperature, is free" to flow through the pipe connection 9, the

valve 10 and they pipe 12 into the container 14. At the same time, water which has been previously supplied to the container 13, is

- now free to flowthrough the pipe 11, valve 10,

trol circuit forthe motor 33' and assoon as pipe 24 to the heater 25.- .While this is taking pla e, a "predetermined volume of the test gas, which has been previously supplied to the container 14 and which is now being forced out ofthis container by'the water entering the container through the pipew12,

flows through the pipe 21, the gas valve 19,

and the pipe 22 to the burner23. During the same period of operation, gas from the coil 7 is flowing through the pipe 16, the pressure regulator 17, the pipe 18, the gas valve 19 and the pipe into the container 13 to take the place of the Water which is flowing out of this container and into the heater 25. It is thus apparent that the gas which occupied the container 14 isbeing utilized to heat the Water which previously occupied the container'13. This continues until the Water entering the container 14 rises to a predetermined level therein and actuates a float switch 32.v This closes a conpower is supplied to this motor. it operates to rotate valves 10 and 19. through an. angle of 90, thus reversing the connections to the containers 13 and 14. Assoon as this hap f pens, the water which has just flowed into the container 14 is now free to flow in the I opposite direction through pipe 12, then through the valve 10 and throughpipe 24 to the heater 25. Also, the gas which waspreviously supplied to the-container 13 under the control of valve 19 is now free to flow back through pipe 20 and then through the valve 19 and pipe 22 to the burner23. Thus gas from container 13 is now being used for v ...The valve control heating the "water "from container 14.1 The valves 10 and 19 are operated fastenough so;

that the supply of gasto the burner23 is not appreciably interrupted' and the' fiame is. not extinguished, Similarly, the-flow of water "throughpipe 24 to the'heater 25 remains substantially constant, even though" at onein; stant the Wateris being supplied from'container 13 and then assoon asthe valve mechanism operates, from the other container 14.

The ditterence in the indications of thef tem'- perature. responsive means aft-the points 40 and 41'givesan1easure'ot the calorificvalue of the gas suppliedto-the burner 23, and it is evident that this indication or record is entirely independent o'fthe quantity of gas or I of water passing through the system. It is. not necessary thatthe rate' of fio'wot the gas should be anypredeterminedfvalue; it"is merely necessary that the" volume of gas'under predetermined conditions of temperature and pressure should bear adefinite relation to thevolume of water. It is preferred that the volume of gas should be equal to the volume of water. It is not necessary to have thecontainers 13 and 1 4 ofthe samesi'ze, in-

asmuch as gas from one of these containers is 7 used to heat water from'the other and then the process'isreversedso'thatinthe-complete .cycle it is inevitable that equal' quantities of continues to operate and the temperature responsive means gives a continuous indication or record of the temperature of the water before and after passlng through the heater 25. I I

The improved valveoperating and control apparatus and the electrical circuits of the calorimeter comprising the present invention Willnow be described. r I V a device isgenerally indicated atD, and is similar to the control device shown and described in the patent application of Harold L. Parr and J ohn: H.

Nelsen, Serial No. 159,223,"filedJanuaryfi, 1927. The motor 33 is connected through. a worm gear 35 to a vertic'al shaft 36rwhich carries a. cam 37 and a valve operating arm 38. The arm 38 moves the'combined'valve gates of the gasand Water valves 19and 10 through an operating wheel 39, suitable radial arms 42 being disposedon-the wheel 39 and being engagedby the arm 38 to move. the valve gates through an angleof 90 dur ing each complete revolution-0t the shaft 36.

' The cam 3'Zoperatesa time element device.

"Wa es which preferably takes .the form. of a fI'Sil ient metal bellows 43, provided with 'afcheck valve 44 for permitting the rapid exhaust of air .therefrom and an adjustable needle valve45 for permitting the gradual intake of airthcreto." .A push rod 46 wlii'ch is Op; erated by the cam .37.,is, rigidly and adjust-f ably connectedtothefr ee. end of the ,bel-

lowsl43, and thejc a-m 37 and vthe a m 38ers so arranged on the-shaft 36 that during each revolution of this shaft, the valve operfa tingrwheel 39 is first turned fthrough an angle of 90 andtherodA-fi is then moved to the left, compressing the bellows43.

. A contact device is providedin, conne tion with'the control deviceD, and isoperI-f ated by the push'rod'46, According tolthe present inventiomthis device takes the-form w of-an enclosed-switch, thatis,-l a switch in l which the contacting parts are';protected from the surrounding atmospherepfl In the embodiment of the invention disclosed, the

contact device comprises a pivotally mount-- ed enclosed inercuryswitch 47 provided with two pairs of contacts48 and'49 asmost'clear- .ly shown, in Fig.8. T This mercury switch is of usual and well known construction, "com I prising a tube 50 ofglass or other suitable material which is carried by "an arm 51 piV- oted-to the frame-of the-control device at the point 52. The mercury switch is connected to the push rod 46 h a pin 53 secured to, the

arm 51 and carried f between two stops 54 which are I suitably adj ustably secured to the rod 46 asc'learlyshown in Fig. 3. The con tacts 48 of the mercuryswitch 47 are preferablyincluded a in the energizing circuit for the, motor33 andthecontacts 49 thereof are arranged.- to control a brake on the motor.

shaft as hereinafter described. Suitable braking means are preferably provid d navz nneq ien with v h ot r "3 to prevent the momentum acquired by this motor: during its; Operation from' carrying the-arm 38 beyondthe position in the :valve hasbeen tiurned through an angle of 90; Any suitable formof magnetic, or: elec- 1 tric'brake may be employed; and the-braking means herein-disclosed comprises-:a'simplified 'form'of magnetic fbrake operating directly on the motor shaft. Abrake band '55, pivoted to a fixed support at'56, surrounds a suitable bralredrum 57 which is fixed to the motor shaft 58. The free endof the brake band fis secured to the armature 59, of a suitable solenoid or electro magnet 60/ The band 55 may beresilient o-r'otherwisearranged to spring away from thedrum 52 when the magnet 60 is :deenergiZedQ It should be understood that thespecific magnetic-brake shown and'describedmerely illustrates one suitable form of. ap-paratuslwhich may. be empl yeaendeny other Well knew type of magnetic or electric brake may be used.,

accordance withthefpresentinvention; electric energyifor operating the motor' 33- isf'preferably supplied through a trans? former 61 from anyisui'table source of a1- 'ternating'current ACQ Thetransformer preferably reduces the line voltage to some suitable value which is low enough to be safely controlled directlybythe switches32f and '47,.while at the same time'being high enough to operate the motor 33; Bythe use of a transformer of this type, it is 1111- necessary to employ relays, or other auxiliary control devices, and the electric control 'sys- .tem. of the, calorimeter -,is thereby greatly simplified. 'One terminal of the, secondary v winding of the transformer 61'is grounded at the point62 ltl1roughthe wire 63, and the other terminal of this winding-is connected; I through the wires 6 4;a nd-65 toithc. motor "33' and through the wires" 64'fand I56 7 toc'the; elec c tro-magnetGOf The controlgcircuitshave v with'the calorimeterapparatus;

' been shown inw'FigsQland4, and canvbe best I understood'from. a description ,of thelopera tionof the controldevice 7D in conjunction "f When oneof the containersldaiid may the container 13, becomes filled. with water to a predetermined level, thefioatswitch33 is 1;

tilted to the position shown and its contacts 67 are closed, thereby completing an energizing circuit for 'the'm otor 33f," whichcircuit may; be tracedfas follows :.from the grounded point 68, wire 69, contacts 67 ofthe switch 33, wires 70 and 71, contacts 48 of the switch'47,

wires 7 2. andj7,3,vthe motor 83', wires v65 and Being thus energized, the "motor 83 operates 64, the secondary winding of the transformer I 61 and wire 63 to the grounded point 62. i 105 and turns the shaft 2360f the control device 1) A;

' in the direction indicated by thearromthe arm 38 engaging one of the radial arms 42 on i {the valve wheel-39 and turning thefgatesof the valves 10 and 19-through an angle of 'As explained,aboverthis'operation of. the

valves 10 and-19 serves to, connect the con- ,tainer13- with theheater' tank 25', to connect" -t re- Water tank 6 withthecontainer' 14,"to; connect the upper end of the container '14 n with thegas burner 23, and to connect the gas I supply pipe 18 with the upper end of the contamer 13. Further movement of the shaft 36 of the control device D causes the cam 37 to move the push rod 46 to the left as viewed in:

the drawing, thus c'ompressing-the bellows energizing circuitmay be traced as follows :1- V

from'the grounded point 62, wire 63, second- Qtthe Weste ns ries so I and 66;: bf the magnet GO; wire; contacts 49 of the mercury switch47, and the "-wire 75 to the grounded point 76.. The

energization of the brake magnet tightens the'bi'cakev band 55 on the drum 52 andbrings the motor, 83 to a stop, thus preventing'th'e further movement of thevalve wheel 39 by the arm38. The rapid compressionof the bellows iiiis' permittedby'the escape of air therefromthrough the check valve 4A, but

once compressed, the bellows-expands rather slowly ,due to the gradual entrance of air thereto through the needle valve.

bellows tilts the switch 4:? to aposition to close the motor energizing circuits '48 only after the water level in the container 13 has fallen 7 beyond the point at'whicll the contacts; 6'? of the. switch 38 are opened. Thus :the brake energizing circuit is opened and themotor energizing contactsnis; are'closed after the i "switch 33 is openedand beioi'ethe switch 32 is; closed, and consequently. n o'immediate.

energizationf ofthe motor 83result's. NVhen thehquid level in the conta ner 14; rises to a predetermined, point, the float switch: .32

therein I is tilted and closed, thus energizing the motor 83" through a circuit including the ground 87,;the wire 88, thelcontacts of the switch 32, wires '89 and 71, contacts 4L8 of the switch 47, wires72 and 73, motor 33, wires '65 and 6%," the secondary windings of the transformer 61 and the wire 63 to the'grouncL ed point 62.. Thisenergizationof the motor again causes the shaft 36 to turn, moving the valves 10 and 19 through an angle, of90 and finallyopening the motor energizing circuit and energizing the brake magnet by tilting the mercury switch toitslei t hand position. Thus, theoperation of the'control device D to move the gas and water valves 10 and 39 tainers 13and14; successively becomes filled.

is periodically repeated'as each of the con-- withwater toa predeterminedlevel. A normally open manjually' operable switch is preferably provided in 'connectionwith the motor energizing circuit; onetermin'al of this switch be ng grounded at the point. 91, and 'the' other terminal thereof be ngconnected through wire 92 to wire 73 as ciearlylshown in Figsml and 4. Iflfor any 'reason,it is desired to. operate theimotor 33 and change the position otthe valves'lO and 19 while'the switches 32 and 33' are. open, an energizing circuit for the motor may be closed at the switch 90, thus circuit being read ly. traceable on the drawings.

jl trol device'zD is'completely enclosed; the

motor energizing circuit may ;be directly closed andopened thereby without danger of Referringnow mo theignition, by sparks from the switch contacts, of any gas'which may be present within thelcaloimeter cabinet, 7 a y reparticularlytothewalls The needle 7 valve is so adjusted that the expansionof the Due to the fact that the switch at? of the con and partitions, enclosing "the various:

of the calorimeter; "which comprises an important featurefof the present invention, the

entire calorimeter is-preferablyenclos'ed in'ia cabinet of suitable material such as sheetjm aluminum. As shown in Fig 2,3the cabinet C is preferably provided with .a plurality of movabledoorsfor closures 93in the front wall lt'hasbeeniiound thata laye'rot cork board about one-half inch thickis suitable for this purpose, The cabinet is preferablyrdivided intoja plurality of compartments'by transversegsh'elves or partitions ofsuitabl e-material which mayor may not have heat insulating properties. These partitions are preferably arranged to thermallyisolate certain portions 1 or. the calorimeter apparatus,

and inthismanner, any undesirableinter change-oi heat bet'weenjcertainelements of the apparatus is efiectively prevented.

As. shown in F'g.q2, thecabinet C is divided into three compartments, 96, 97 and 98',by two transversepartitions"99 and 100, which fare formed of suitable material which may be a-heat IIISU'lalBIHgmELtQIIQl such as bakelite.

In addition to their thermal insulating features, the'partitions-"99 andlOO serve as con- .venient means onwhich thejcalorimeter ap- -base of the waterheater QS'eXtends through I paratus may be compactly mounted. I As shown in Fig: 2, the water tank 6 is mounted nearthe back wauor thecabi'net on thelower partition 1100, and extends-through an opening in the upper partition 99,'thus extending :into both of the compartments 96' and 97. The gasand water containerslifi and 14: also "occupy the"compartments' 96 and 97, and the lowerends thereof extend intoithe-lower compartment 98at points adjacent the water heater 25., '1he' heater 25 is mounted in the par tment 101:, comprising the walls 102, which hnay'ormaynot be composedofheatinsulating "material 1 provided :below the water slower compartment 98g and ia" burner'com r heater to completely enclose, and thermally isolate the test'gas-burner 23 fromthe re-V mainder of the calorimeter apparatus. The

an opening in theftop wall of the burner compartment 101 as; shown, so. that the hot gases from the burner come into direct contact with the'heaterg;

InFig. 2, certain elementsofthe calorime 'eter apparatus have been omitted to clarify the disclosure'of the cabinet structure, but the arrangement-of all of the apparatus relative grammatically re resent in 'a' e n tothe cabinet compartments has been dia isconnected to an opening in the Wall 102 other apparatus. --The tan 25 in thepartitions 99 and 'l00' and the heater compartment walls 102 have been indicated by dot and dash-lines. As shown in- Fig.1, the transformer 61 and the float switch pora tions otthe containers 13 and- 14: arehoused in r ofthe burner compartment'l Ol, and in this manner the heated and humidifiedair from the chamber 29-is, supplied to the burner 23,

alone --and does not come into COHliflCiTWlt-li the higher temperaturesthanthe other liquid and 'gas'containers of'the calorimeter,v and since the calorific v'alue of the gas in determined by the temperature of the liquid in these con-7 tainers,-special heat insulatlng means are provided therefor to prevent the lo'ssof heat therefrom by radiation or convection. In the present embodiment of the present invention, these insulating meanstake the form of sleeres or shells 103 Which completely-surround and enclose the vertical 'Walls of the V fi the operation otf the calorimeter by, prelvent- =ingsparl r'ing; at' the motor energizing contacts, and the electric braking means procontainers 25 and 28, The insulatin'g sleeves '103 are preferably formedof aheat insulating material such as bakelite, and may be;

spaced from the containers 25 an d 28 byjsuitable'means to provide air spaces between the SlQGX QS ZdlCl' the containers as shown 1n Fig.

2-. The sleeves 103 are preferably arranged to eXtend-from'the upper surfaceof the. top walls 102 of the burner compartment 101 to the lower surface or" the transverse partition 100, so that the containers 25 and 28 are com- 'pletely surrounded by Walls or by heat in;

sulating material. 7'

From the description given, it is apparent that the entirecalorimeter is effectively thermally insulated from the surrounding atmosphere, and that certain portions" of the calorimeter are thermally insulated or effectively separated from eachother. rangement of the main Water tank 6 in the same compartments With the gas'and Watery containers 13 and 14' serves to keep :all of the conditioned gas and water at asubstanti'ally constant predetermined temperature before being delivered to the burner 23' and the Water heater 25. The tank 6 holds a comparatively large mass of Water Which serves to prevent fluctuationin the tempera tare-of the compartments 96 and 97. The

containers 25'and 28 'areW-ell insulated from the remaining apparatus by the-sleeves 103, and substantiallythe entire heat-evolved in burning the test gas therebyvretained in which the Water ijs 'heate'd by'fth-e'test ga's, andthe container'28 in which the heater'water'i s in xed, are normally at theWater Within these containers. The con i tainers 25 and 28 are furtherthermally in sulated fromthe tank 6$ by, the transverse partition 100. rg'ihe compartment :lOlxin Which the test gas Iburneri 23 is enclosed eiiectively prevents; appreciable loss oi the heat cvolve'diin burning-the test gas and also provides a convenientmeans for supplying the-conditioned air to theburnerr Ehusthe cabinet, ofthe presentinvention is adapted to permit the compact grouping of the'calorrm- 'eter parts While providingeftectivathermal insulation for the various elements thereof.

The provision of the transformer 6l1i'or supplying the motor energizing current at'a voltage suitable for direct control iby the mercurycontrol switches is a very desirable i and advantageousteature of -the present in} 'yention. The use of thls transformer does away. with all; relays and othefri auxiliary .ap} paratus Whiclriare icustomarily employedito open and close them-otter energizing; cire. curtain a deyice'ofthisitype. .Sin-ceno re: lays orother auxiliary LlQVlCGSEL-IG used, the

danger of iexplosions from thei'ignition from gas Withinthe calorimeter "by the sparks at the contacts 5 of such: devices I is eliminated. "The, control device ots'the calorimeter.; of"

the present invention embodies improved circuit controllingandi braking meansi The enclosed mercury icontact' switch; 47: 0t I thev control. device provides additional safetyxof vi'des a very simple'. and feflicient method of V stopping the controlfderioe. at thedesired point Although the various featuresof the present invention have been described in-:,connec'- should bexunderstood.that'varinus changes, Y

.Ic'laimz In a gas calorimeter-of the type ill-Which gas is burned izin heat exchanging relation :W th a liquid, means for storing and measurmg i said gas and? liquid, a, l quid: container, a

inyentionasdefined burner for burning said gasfin heat exchang ing relation with the'liquid in said container and means forthermally insulating Saltl" storliquid ing and measuring means from said container andfrom saldaburner.

2. In: a gas calorimeter. of thetypeiin which. a gas is'b urned in heateicc'hanging relationwith aliqui'd', a. calorimetercabinet 7 having heat insulating wallspa pluralityoi heat -insulating partitions dividingsaid cabinet into, a plurality ofthermally-isolated-open compartments, means located in one of said tion with a single; specific construction, it

- and saidchamber respectively;

compartments for bringing said liquid into heat exchanging relation with burning gas.

3. Ina gas calorimeter of the type in which a gas is burned in heat exchanging relation with a liquid, a cabinet having heat insulating walls, a plurality of heat insulating partitions dividing said cabinet into a plurality of thermally isolated compart ments, means located in one of said compartments for storingand'measuring the gas and liquid, a liquid container located in another 7 of said compartmentsfor receiving themeasured liquid, and a gas burner located in another of-said' compartments for heating said liquid container.

. 4. In a gas calorimeter of the type in which a gas is burned in heat exchanging relation wlth a liquid, a calorimeter cabmet having heat insulated walls, a tank for storing preconditionedliquid, meansfor measuring the liquidiand the gas; a'liquid containeriorrecelvlng the measured l1qu1d, aburner located 1n heat exchanglng relatlon wlth 8216.0011- tainer'for receiving and burning the meas ured gas, means for thermally insulating said, storage chamber from said contamer and from said burner, '':and separate heatinsulated walls'surrounding said burner and said container.

" 5. Ina "gascalorimeter of the type-in which a gas is burnedin heat exchanging relationwith a liquid, aliquid. container for receiving the liquid to be heated, a mixing chamber adjacent said container for, receiving heated liquidsifrom said container, a test gasrburner located in heatexchanging .relation with said container, heat insulating walls enclosing said liquid container" and v said mixing chamber, and separate heat insulatingisleeves surrounding said container 6." a gas calorimeter: of the type in which a gas is burned in heat exchanging relation with aliquid, a cabinet having heat insulatingw alls, a plurality of heat insulat- 7 ing partitions dividing said cabinet into "a plurality of thermally isolated "compartments, means located in one of said compartments for'storlng and measurlngthe Vgasand liquid, ga l1qu1d container located an another' of said compartments for receiving'the liquid to be heated, a mixing chamber located in the compartment with said liquid container 'andi'receivin'g heated liquid from said container, a test gas burnerin heat exchanglng relatlon wlth Sflld. liquid contalner and enclosed in still another, compartment, and

separate-heat insulating sleeves .surroundmg. saidllqu d contalner and said mixlngchamber respectively.

- 7. In a gasfcalorimeter of the type 'in' which a gas is burned in heat exchanging relation with a liquid, a calorimeter cabinet having heat insulating walls, a plurality of heat insulating partitions in a said cabinet compartments therein, means for storing and measuring the; test gas and liquid, lo-v catedincertain of said compartments,means which a predetermined quantity. of gas is burned in heat exchangingxrelation"with the forminga plurality thermally isolated 1 v predetermined quantity of liquid, a plurality of measuring containers adapted to be alternately and successively filled with and emptied of'the gas and the liquid, a vvalve mechanism-for controlling theflow of gas and liquid to and from said containers, electrlcally drlven operat ng means for' said i valve'mechanlsm, control swltches opferatedl by the liquid level in saidcontainers for controllingFthe supplyof electric energy to said means through said control switches 9.ln a gas calorimeter of the .type in -which a predeterminedrquantity of gas is V burned in heat exchanging relation with operating means,-and a source offelectric' en- 7 'ergy directly connected to said operating the predeterminedquantity of liquid, a plurality of measuringcontainers adapted-to be alternately and successively filled with and emptied of the gas and the liquid, a valve mechanism for: controlling the flow of gas and liquid to andfr'om said containers, electrically driven voperating means for said valve mechanism,-control switches having enclosed contacts operated by the liquid level in said containers and by said operating means for controllingthe supply of electric energy to saidoperating means, and a source or" electric energy directly" connected to said operating swltches.

means through, 'said' control 10. In a gas calorimeter of the' type in in heat exchanging relation with measured quantities a of liquid, means for; measuring which measured quantitiesof gas are burned V said gas'and saidiliquid, valve meansfor con ing said valvemeans, a cabinet having sep arate heatinsulated compartments therein enclosing said 'measuring means and said control device, and electr c" switches hawng enclosed contacts controlled by; said measuring means and by said valveoperating means for controlling the supply of electric energy to said operating means.

in heat exchanging relation with measured 11. Ina gas calorimeter otthetype which measured quantities of gas are burned trolling theflow of said gas and said liquid, an electrically operated device for operatquantities of liquid, means for "measuring saidgas and said liquid, avalv e mechanism for controlling the flow of sald gas and said l1qu1d to and from said measurlng means, an

electric motor for successively operating said f mechanism, enclosed electric contacts operated by the liquid level in said measuring means and by said motor, said contacts di-, rectly controlling the supply of current to c said motor, and an electrically operated brake, controlled by one of said contacts and acting to arrest the movement of said motor after each successive operation thereof.

12. In a gas calorimeter of the type in 10 Which measured quantities of gas are burned in heat exchanging relation With measured quantities of liquid, a plurality of containers for measuring said gas and said liquid, a Valve mechanism for controlling the flow of said gas and said liquid to" and from said measuring means, an electric motor for op erating said valve mechanism, a time controlled device operatedby said -mot0r, enclosed electric contacts operated by the liquid level in said measuring containers and by said time controlled device, and a circuit for, supplying electric energy to said motor including said enclosed contacts. 7 i V 13. In a gas calorimeter ofthetype in Which a gas is burned in heat exchange re.

lation with the liquid, a calorimeter cabinet, means for-measuring the'liquid and the gas, a liquid containerfor receiving the measured liquid, a gas burner located in heat ex- 7 change relation with said container for burn-' ing the measured gas, a partition in said cabinet for supporting said gas and liquid, 1 measuring means and a separate partition for supporting said liquid containerand for enclosing said burner. In testimony whereof I aflix my signature. i

SAMUEL FARR.

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