US1776835A - Superheater steam boiler - Google Patents

Description

2 Sheets-Sheet 1 %I4 v- M ATTORNEYS INVENTOR 0% Filed Oct. 24, 1924 Sept. 30, 1930. D. s. mcosus 1,776,335

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INVENT R 0 flab BY I ATTORNEY the uptake headers 13, these Patented Sept. 30, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

DAVID S. JACOBUS, JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO THE BABOOCK & WIL- COX COMPANY, OF BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY I SUPERHEATER STEAM BOILER Application filed October 24, 1924. Serial No. 745,543.

My present invention relates to superheater steam boilers, and particularly means for regulating the superheat in the steam delivered from a superheater, and will be 5 best understood from the following description and the annexed drawings, in which Fig. 1 is a vertical section of a typical form of steam boiler of the horizontal tube type, with some of the well-known parts of the boiler and of the fuel burning apparatus omitted and embodying one form of my invent-ion; Fig. 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4- 1 of Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 is a View simi- 11 so as to form a chamberis an upper bank of Water tubes 14 connected by headers 15 I and 16, this upper bank being provided with alongitudinal baffle 17 and cross baffles 18 and 19 to lead the gases back and forth across the tubes 14 to the usual gas outlet. The headers 15 and 16 will be connected to the well-known manner. The downtake headers 15 are connected by nipples 20 to the down take headers 12 and, similarly, the uptake headers 16 are connected bynipples 21 to' nipples also being of the usual form.

In the chamber formed between the upper and lower banks of water tubes is a superheater and a steam reheater, each of the l U-tube type, the superheater having an inlet header 22 and an outlet header 23 connected by a plurality of rows of tubes 2-1. and the. reheater having an inlet header 25 and an outlet header 26 connected by a plurality of rows of tubes 27. Preferably, as illustrated, the headers 23 and 26 are connected by suitable fastening devices, as are the headers 22 and 25. A beam member 28 extends across the chamber to support the lower headers and the upper headers are supported by the members 29 connected to members 30 engagmg a plurality of rows of the tubes 14. A seallng plate 31 extends from the nipples 20 to the beam 28 to close the space above such plate. The spaces between the superheater and reheater headers are closed by baffling of any desired type. The particular form of suspension for the superheaters may be varied widely and the form described ismerely illustrative.

With the arrangement so far described, the gases from the furnace 10 would sweep upward over'substantially the entire length of the tubes 11 and thence through the superheater chamber and across the superheater and reheater tubes into the gas pass formed between the headers 16 and the baffle 18. It will be noted, however, that the superheater and reheater tubes are spaced from the nipples 21 so thatthe gases would tend to flow through this space rather than across the superheater and reheater tubes because of the lower resistance to flow through such space. Therefore, only a portion of the total weight of gases from the furnace 10 would deliver heat to the superheater and reheater tubes.

I provide means by which the path of the gases through the superheater chamber may be regulated, so that, in turn, the degree of superheat given by the superheater or the reheater may be regulated. In the form illustrated, I provide at the right-hand, end of Fig. 1, a metallic damper support 32 having a good thermal contact with the upper row of tubes in the bank 11 and adjacent. the uptake headers 13. Pivoted in this support is a damper, indicated generally at 33. and having a metallic supporting plate 34 faced with refractory material 35. The damper 33 is so proportioned that it may be positioned with one end resting substantially against theout-er portion of the superheater tubes 24 and thereby close the space between the nipples 21 and the tubes. Obviously, therefore, when the damper is in the position shown in Fig. 1, the gases are forced to travel across the superheater and reheater tubes, whereby the greatest amount of heat from such gases will be transferred to the superheater and reheater. On the other hand, when the damper is swung to its other extreme position extending substantially parallel with the nipples 21, the space between the superheater tubes and the nipples 21 will be fully opened,- thereby permitting a large portion of the gases to flow around the superheater. In this position, the minimum amount of heat will be delivered to the superheater. Obviously, any intermediate position of the damper will give a corresponding regulation to the superheat.

As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, a damper operating shaft 36 (in the form of a tube) extends across the boiler outside of the nipples 21, and at one or more places across the width of the damper 33 are connecting rods 37 passing between the'nipples 21 and secured to the plate 34, these rods being connected at their inner ends to chains which are wrapped around and attached to the shaft 36. 1 provide the rods 37 because such rods can be readily formed of any one of several :heatresisting materials. The rotation of the shaft 36 will move the damper 33 to desired position.

As shown best in Fig. 2, the plate 34. in the illustrative form, is provided on its face with T-shaped members 38 on which are suspended the blocks of refractory material 35 in a well-known manner. Usually the spaces between the nipples 21 will be' closed by a refractory material, but, in order to provide a heat conducting arrangement by which the damper 33 may be kept cool, especially when in its fully opened position, I provide the nipples 21 at at least theirlower portion with stop plates 39, held to the nipples by the loops 40. With this arrangement, as will be seen in Fig. 2, the stop plates 39 being in thermal contact with and close to the nipples 21, will be relatively cool and, in turn, the plate 34 of the damper 33 being positioned near the plates 39, will similarly be maintained in a 1c;ooler condition than they otherwise would In order to make the regulation of superheat closer than might be possible with the damper 33 alone, 1 also provide. a damper 41 at the downtake side of the boiler which can be made to cooperate with the damper 33, so as to insure the diversion of the gases to the space -between the nipples 2L and the superheater tubes. In the form illustrated. the damper 4lis slidingly mounted on the upper row of tubes of the bank 11, a shaft 42 operating the damper 41 by the rods -13. which, in turn, are connected by chains 44 to the shaft 42, and also I provide chains 45 directly connecting shaft 42 with the damper 41. {ith the arrangement described, it will be obvious that on the rotation of the shaft 7 42 clockwise in Fig. 1, the chains 44 will pull the rods 43 and with them the damper 41 to the right of Fig. 1 to provide a baffle above the bank 11 and to force the gases to the right of Fig. 1 as they leave the lower bank.

Beneath the damper 41 in the position" shown in Fig. 1, I fill in the space between the tubes 11 by the wedge-shaped blocks 46 which preferably will be of metal and shaped so as to have a good thermal contact with the tubes 11. It will be obvious that when the damper 41 is moved to the right of Fig. 1, these blocks 46 will prevent the passage of the gases through the space vacated by the damper 41 and that when the damper 41 is atits extreme right-hand position, there will be a continuous baflle above the upper bank from the right-hand end of the damper 41 to the downtake headers 12. The blocl-Zs 46 are arranged so that their tops are tangent to the tops of the tubes 11; hence the damper 41 will have a uniform path to slide on from one of its extreme positions to the other.

Preferably, I interconnect the shafts 36 and 42 so that as the damper 33 is moved from its position in Fig. 1 toward its open position, the damper 41 will correspondingly be moved from its position in Fig. 1 toward its closed osition. This will effect substantially a shifting of the entrance to the superheater chamber from left to right in Fig. 1. and correspondingly divert the gases more and more from the superhcater and reheatcr tubes and thereby regulate the degree of superheat. Such interconnection may conveniently be had by means of a chain belt 47 connected to the two shafts.

Obviously, the shafts 42 and 36 may be retated by any convenient means, and I have shown to that end. the worm wheel 48, driven by a worm 49, which, in turn. is driven by spur gearing and a hand-operated chain 51), all in the usual manner.

\Vhile in the arrangement shown in Fig. l, I preferably use the two dampers 33 and 41, it will be obvious that either one of them alone will have some effect on the regulation of the gases. while. 1 have shown both a supm-hcater and a reheater in the superhcater chamber, either one may be used alone.

In Fig. 5. I have shown an arrangement similar to Fig. 1, in which a superheatcr only is in the supcrhcaicr chamber and the damper at the right-hand end of the ligure closing the space between the superheatcr tubes and the uptake nipples is of the sliding form instead of the pivoted form. its construction and operation being similar to that of the damper 41 in Fig. 1.

The spaces between the upper row of the tubes 11 and at the right-hand end thereof in Fig. 5, may be filled with blocks similar to those shown at 46 in Fig. 3 and on this top row of tubesrests a sliding damper .31 positioned in its open position against the uptake headers 13, this damper being moved to the left of Fig. 5 by rods '52, connected by It will also be obvious that l l hi chains 53 to the cross shaft 54 moved by gearing similar to that used in the embodi ment of Fig. 1. Obviously, the sliding damper 51 when moved to the left of Fig. 5 will divert the gases from the space between the superh'eater tubes and the nipples 21 and therefore cause proportionally more of the gases to flow directly across the superheater tubes. ,WVhile the sliding damper 51 is not as effective as the damper 33 in opening and closing the space in the superheater cha'mber not occupied by the superheater tubes, it will be sufficient for some purposes.

While I have shown'my arrangement in connection with a horizontal tube boiler having headers, it will be obvious that it may be applied to any other type of boiler or to a boiler having any other type of water chamber.

I claim? 1. In a steam boiler, spaced banks of horizontally extending water tubes, the gases passing transversely across the tubes of the lower bank for substantially their entire length, a steam heater located in the space between the two banks and extending short of the side wall of the space between the banks, and a damper for regulating the rela-,

tive amounts of gases flowing over said steam heater and through the space between said steam heater and said wall.

2. In a steam boiler, spaced banks of horizontally extending water tubes, the gases passing transversely across the tubes of the lower bank for substantially their entire length, a steam heater comprising tubes extending across the chamber between said banks but short of an end wall thereof, and a damper mounted on the lower bank. of tubes for regulating the relative amounts of gases flowing over said steam heater and through the space between said steam heater and said wall.

3. In a steam boiler, spaced banks of horizontally extending water tubes, the gases passing transversely across the tubes of the lower bank for substantially their entire length, a steam heater located in the space between the two banks and extending short of the side Wall of the space between the banks, a damper for regulating the relative amounts of gases flowing over said steam heater and through the space between said steam heater and said wall, and transverse bafiles for directing the. gases transversely across the tubes of the upper bank in a plurality of passes.

4. In a horizontal water tube boiler, a furnace chamber, water tubes above the chamber and arranged in banks with a superheater chamber between the banks, water chambers. connecting the ends of the water tubes, nipples connecting the water chambers of the banks, a superheater in said chamber fiow of gases across said water tubes being substantially unaffected by the position of said damper.

5. In a horizontal water tube boiler, a furnace chamber, water tubes above the chamber and arranged in banks with a superheater chamber between the banks, water chambers connecting the ends of the water tubes, nipples connecting the water chambers of the banks, a superheater in said chamber and spaced from one of the sets of nipples, and a damper supported on the .lower bank of water tubes and arranged to regulate the flow of gases through said space, the path of the flow of gases across said water tubes being substantially unaffected by the position of said damper.

6. In a horizontal water tube boiler, a furnace chamber, water tubes above the chamber and arranged in banks with a superheater chamber between the banksfwater chambers connecting the ends of the water tubes, nipples connecting the water chambers of the banks, a superheater in said chamber and spaced from one of the sets of nipples, a damper support on the upper tubes of the lower bank adjacent the water chamber whose nipples are spaced from the superheater and a damper pivoted on said support and arranged to be swung toward and away from said superheater, the path of the flow of gases across said Water tubes being substantially unaffected by the position of said damper.

7. In a horizontal water tube boiler, a furnace chamber, water tubes above the chamber and arranged in banks with a superheater chamber between the banks, water chambers connecting the ends of the water tubes, nipples connecting the water chambers of the banks, superheater boxes extending across said chamber and at one side thereof, super-- heater tubes'connectmg said boxes and extending toward the other side of said cham- -ber and spaced therefrom, and a main damper said chamber and at one side thereof, superheater tubes connecting said boxes and exten ding toward the other side of said chamber and spaced therefrom, a main damper ad jacent said space to regulate the flow of gases through said space, and an auxiliary damper adjacent said boxes to direct the gases more or less toward said space.

9. In a horizontal water tube boiler, a fur nace chamber, water tubes above the chamber and arranged in banks with a superheater chamber between the banks, water chambers connecting the ends of the water tubes, nipples connecting the water chambers of the banks, superheater boxes extending across said chamber and at one side thereof, superheater tubes connecting said boxes and extending toward the other side of said chamber and spaced therefrom, a main damper adjacent said space to regulate the flow'ol gases through said space, an auxiliary damper adjacent said boxes to direct the gases more or less toward said space, and connections between said dampers, whereby the closing of the main damper will open the auxiliary damper and vice versa.

10. In a horizontal water tubeboiler, a furnace chamber, water tubes above the chamber and arranged in banks with a superheater chamber between the banks, water chambers connecting the ends of the water tubes, nipples connecting the water chambers of the banks, superheater boxes extending across said chamber and at one side thereof, superheater tubes connecting said boxes and extending toward the other side of said chamber and spaced therefrom, a main damper pivotally supported on the lower bank of tubes adjacent said space, and an auxiliary damper slidingly mounted on the lower bank of tubes adjacent said boxes.

11. In a horizontal water tube boiler, a furnace chamber, water tubes above the chamber and arranged in banks with a superheater chamber between the banks, water chambers connecting the ends of the water tubes, nipples connecting the water chambers of the banks, superheater boxes extending across said chamber and at one side thereof,'superheater tubes connecting said boxes and extending toward the other side of said chamber and spaced therefrom, a main damper pivot-ally supported on the lower bank of tubes adjacent said space, an auxiliary damper slidingly mounted on the lower bank of tubes adjacent said boxes, and connections between said dampers, whereby when said auxiliary damper is moved toward the center of the boiler, said main damper is swung away from the center of the boiler and vice versa.

12. In a horizontal water tube boiler, banks of water tubes connected at either end to water chambers, said banks and water chainbers being spaced apart to form a super heater chamber between the banks, nipples connecting the spaced water chambers, a superheater in said chamber and spaced from one of the sets of nipples, a metallic damper support on the lower bank of tubes and in thermal contact therewith, and a damper pivoted.

on said support adjacent the set of nipples from which the superheater is spaced, and arranged to swing between a position in which said damper extends along said nipples to a position in which said damper extends from said nipples across said space to said superheater,

13. In a horizontal water tube boiler, banks of'wa-ter tubes connected at either end to water chambers, said banks and water chambers being spaced apart to form a superheater chamber between the banks, nipples connecting the spaced water chambers, a superheater in said chamber and spaced from one of the sets of nipples, a metallic damper support on the lower bank of tubes and in thermal contact therewith, and a damper pivoted on said support adjacent the set of nipples from which the superheater is spaced, and arranged to swing between a position in which said damper extends along said nipples to a position in which said damper extends from said nipples across said space to said superheater, said damper comprising a metal plate and refractory material supported on said plate.

' -14. In a horizontal water tube boiler, banks of Water tubes connected at either end to water chambers, said banks and water chambers being spaced apart to form a superheater chamber between the banks, nipples connecting the spaced water chambers, a superheater in said chamber and spaced from one of the sets of nipples, a metallic damper support on the lower bank of tubes and in thermal contact therewith, and a damper pivoted on said support adjacent the set of nipples from which the superheater is spaced, and arranged to swing between a position in which said dampervextends along said nipples to a position in which said damper extends from said nipples across said space to said super heater, said damper comprising a metal plate and refractory material'supported on said plate, and said nipples having metallic stop plates to close the-spaces 'therebetween adjacent said dampers.

15.In a horizontal water tube boiler, a-

bank of water tubes, a damperslidingly supported on the tubes of said bank and metallic filling blocks between the tubes on which said damper slides and having close thermal contact therewith, said blocks being located beneath said damper when saiddamper is in one of its extreme positions.

16. In a water tube boiler, a gas pass having asuperheater positioned therein, dampers disposed at opposite sides of said pass and adapted to regulate the flow of gas therethrough, and means to operate said dampers in unison and in the same direction.

17. In a water tube boiler, a superheater" heater While maintaining it substantially constant in area.

18. In a Water tube boiler, 21 superheater chamber having an entrance thereto, a superheater disposed in said chamber; and spaced from one Wall thereof, and means to shift said entrance in respect to said superheater, to cause passage of gases over said superheater or through said space, or partly over said superheater and partly through said space.

DAVID S. J ACOBUS.

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