US1773835A - Electrical-precipitator construction - Google Patents

Electrical-precipitator construction Download PDF

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US1773835A
US1773835A US115642A US11564226A US1773835A US 1773835 A US1773835 A US 1773835A US 115642 A US115642 A US 115642A US 11564226 A US11564226 A US 11564226A US 1773835 A US1773835 A US 1773835A
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unit
electrical
unit elements
elements
electrodes
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US115642A
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Harry A Wintermute
Carl W J Hedberg
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Research Corp
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Research Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular

Definitions

  • This invention relates to electrical precipi- 'tators of the high resistance or low conduc tivity electrode type.
  • Another object is a precipitatorwhich. can be quickly repaired and at lowcost.
  • Another object is a treater which maybe readily and efi'ectively cleaned.
  • Figs. 2, 4 an Fig. 7 is a ting electrodes embodying the d 6 are plan views thereof; diagrammatic plan view of a simple application of the invention;
  • Fig. 8 is a sectional view of a special form of treaterembodying the invention.
  • Fig. 9 is adia rammatic plan view on an enlarged scale 0 a art of the construction shown in Fig. 8, exp
  • Fig. 10 shows a mo the unit electrodes.
  • the present invention as to the general principle of operatiomis similar to the electrical precipiator disclosed inthe atent to AndersomNo. 1,541,67 7 but material-lydifferstherefrom in that-the collecting elecj trodes are composed of unit elementsplaced V in juxtaposition orin any desired spaced relation.
  • Figs. 1-6 Such unit elements are illustrated n Figs. 1-6.
  • Eachelemen't consists of an elongated body of relatively high resistant material.
  • this body 10 may be of circular cross-section, 1. e. may be a c linder.
  • vAsindicated in Figs. 3 and 4 'the ody 11 may be polygonal, rectangular or square'm particular.
  • the cross-sectionof the body. 12 may general. "Figs. 11, 12,
  • cross sectionali's'hapesof electrodes' which may be used such as Y .25, star 26, channel 27 or angle
  • the bodies 10, 11 and 12 or other similar elongated bodies preferably contain 'embedded therein'a conductor 13 occupying the central or axial position. While the provision of a conductor is generally preferable,
  • the invention may be carried OQtrWlthOUt it, or conductors may extend only part way through thebodies of resistance material. .
  • the characteristicsof the relatively high resistant material itself which forinstance may be concrete,- ceramic material, or material of that kind mixed with carbon 'or other suitable 3 material to impart to the mixture a definite degree ofconductivity.
  • the bodies 10', 11 and 12 might consist of layer's of materials 'with difi'erent character- .the bodies mi sired materia suitable liquid.
  • the principle direct advantage that may be derived from the unit'collecting electrode eleght-consist of shells ofthe ⁇ defilled with gas, oil or other ing electrode or a collecting electrode system of any form, of individual units, whereby the manufacture-of the electrode system is materi'all simplified.
  • the parts may lnentis the possibility of building up a coll'ectd 14 show modifications be easily-assem' led, and readily exchanged 7 for the purposes of re air without requiring an extended shutown of the treater.
  • 7 illustrates a collecting electrode sys- ,tem uilt, up by means of unlt elements ac- 1 cording to this invention.
  • the cylindrical -unit elements 15 containing conductors 15 are disposed in arallel relation in straight rows between w ich are placed in the usual way the discha be, of course, anynumber of rows and the spacing is a matter of judgment depending on particular conditions.v .
  • invention isthe @acility with which the collecting electrodesurface ma be cleaned.
  • each unit is re atively small and independent, it can be efiectiyely rapped rge electrodes 16. There may to remove the deposit.
  • the rapping may be 'done at either end, as is well understood in the art.
  • each unit can be rotated about its 1 long axis while its surface is in contact with the surfaces of adjacent units, or with a fixed and independent knife ed e.
  • 'Moving one extremity, "in a plane, para lel to the longitudinal axis of all adjacentunits, about the other extremity as a center will loosen and dislodge adhering deposits bridged between adjacent units in the construction shown in Figure 9.
  • Theconstruction also lends ittion may'bea plied.
  • the invene'unit elements may be placed -vert1cally or horizontally or in any other position. may extend arallel or at an angle to the unit elements. hereis no definite limitin this respect. Instead of forming straight rows, the unit elements may be correlated to define curvedrows.”
  • t e invention may lind special application as, for instance, shown in Fi 8 and 9.
  • Fig. 8 is illustrated a horizontal flow treater in which the gases enter through the inlet 21 'of the casing 20 and pass out through the outlet 22.
  • the collecting electrodes are composed of unit elements 23 forming a plurality of rows transversely of the gas stream. In the particular construction, there are a plurality of groups of two rows each.
  • the unit elements23 in the two rows of each roup are-in staggered relationas shown in ig.*9.
  • the discharge electrodes 24 are so placedthat each has the same discharge position relatively to two unit elements 23 of a row. N i
  • the eneral objectof this arrangement is to com ine electrical precipitation and me gle to the gas flow.
  • the unit e ements 23 of each row de no a lurality of constricted passages through w liich the gas must flow and due to the staggered relation of; the rows, t gas passages form an alternately constricted and expanded path.
  • the discharge electrodes relatively to sthe collecting charge is directed substantial ly at right an- Therelative positioning of. the collecti unit elements, t 'e' tortuous path and the ternate ex ansions and contractions are in-. strumenta in producing ame'chanical clean electrical preci itating action.
  • the corona ischarge so named because, it
  • Discharge electrodes 24 are shown as arranged between two unit electrode containing conductors 13. 'However, in dotted lines we have shown an alternate position for these electrodes.
  • the electrode unit elements 23 may have various forms, such as indicated in Figs. 1-6 and Figs. 11-44.
  • a collectgelectrode system composed of a plurality of unit elements, said unitelements being spaced a art longitudinally of and trans: versely o the direction of gas flow and each of said elements comprising a central conductor and ⁇ a .
  • a collecting electrode system composed of a pluralty of unit elements presenting peripheral surfaces of relative y resistant material, said elements bein disposed in spaced relation longitudi-na y of and transversely of the direction of gas flow to define alternately contracted and expanded gas passages, and discharge electrodes, each discharge electrode .having a dischargerelation to .twoadjacent unit elements in a row.
  • each pair of adjacent unit elements in a row has substantially the same relation to one discharge electrode;
  • a collector electrode system definin a gas passage having zones of high and of ow gas velocity, and discharge electrodes; said collector electrode system comprising collecting electrodes of high resistance material presenting only limited surface areas to said discharge electrodes to provide an electrostatic field inand of varying intensity along-saidgas passage, 1 and said discharge electrodes-being so posis tioned that zones of high field intensity are located at zones of high .gas velocity.
  • collector electrode system comprises unit elements spaced longitudinally of and transversely of the line of gas travel, each of said elements being an elongated body presentinga peripheral surface of resistance maeria In testimony whereof, we aflix our signa tures.

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  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Description

Aug. 26, 1930. wlNTERMUTE ET AL 1,773,835
ELECTRICAL PRECIPITATOR CONSTRUCTION Filed' June '12. 1926 s Sheets-Sheet 1 glfl 8/ INVENTORS.
afgzfi w wag A TTORN E Y6:
g- 1930- H. A; WINTERMUTE FIT-AL 1,773,835
ELECTRICAL PRECIPI'I'ATOR cousi'nuc'rron Filed Junel2, 192's 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 V IN NTORS:
i Q 7 5 ATTORNEYS.
Aug; 26,1930. H. A. WINTERMUTE ET AL 1,773,835
I EI..EC'].'RICAL PRECIPITATOR CONSTRUCTION Filed June 12, 1926 v 3 sheets shee't 5 I QQQQQQ /5 o a o ,34 qq l QQQQQQQ ATTORNEY-5.
Patented Aug 26, 1930 "U ITED STATE; "p ar-s ur OFFICE v HARRY a. wmtma m'rn, or NEW roman. 1., AND can:- win annnnnae, or unanimsnx :aonouen, new JERSEY, Assmnoas '10 imsnancn coaroaa'rron or NEW" YORK, N. Y., A coaromrrron or NEW Yong y a ELECTBICAL-YPREGIPITATOB cons'rmrc'rron Application filed June 12, 1926,. Scrial'No. 115,642;
, i be-elliptical9L in This invention relates to electrical precipi- 'tators of the high resistance or low conduc tivity electrode type. a
It is an object of this invention to provide 6 an electric precipitator of the type referred 1 to which iseasy to make and assembleand relatively cheap to manufacture. j"
Another object is a precipitatorwhich. can be quickly repaired and at lowcost.
Another object is a treater which maybe readily and efi'ectively cleaned.
The objects referred to and otherob ects will more clearly appear in connection wlth 1 the accompanying drawings in which forms of collec invention;
Figs. 2, 4 an Fig. 7 is a ting electrodes embodying the d 6 are plan views thereof; diagrammatic plan view of a simple application of the invention;
Fig. 8is a sectional view of a special form of treaterembodying the invention; and
Fig. 9 is adia rammatic plan view on an enlarged scale 0 a art of the construction shown in Fig. 8, exp
aining the essential features of operation. I
Fig. 10 shows a mo the unit electrodes.-
Figs. 11,12, 13 'an of various types of electrodes.
The present invention, as to the general principle of operatiomis similar to the electrical precipiator disclosed inthe atent to AndersomNo. 1,541,67 7 but material-lydifferstherefrom in that-the collecting elecj trodes are composed of unit elementsplaced V in juxtaposition orin any desired spaced relation.'
Such unit elements are illustrated n Figs. 1-6. Eachelemen't consists of an elongated body of relatively high resistant material. As indicated in Figs. 1 and this body 10 may be of circular cross-section, 1. e. may be a c linder. vAsindicated in Figs. 3 and 4,'the ody 11 may be polygonal, rectangular or square'm particular. As indicated in Figs. 5 and 6' the cross-sectionof the body. 12 may general. "Figs. 11, 12,
dified arrangement of 13 an .14 show other Figs. 1, 3 and5 are elevations of different.
istics of resistance, expansion, etc. Finally,
cross sectionali's'hapesof electrodes' which may be used such as Y .25, star 26, channel 27 or angle These forms merely illustrate what we consider as the preferred embodiments withinlthescopeof the" invention.
(The bodies 10, 11 and 12 or other similar elongated bodiespreferably contain 'embedded therein'a conductor 13 occupying the central or axial position. While the provision of a conductor is generally preferable,
the invention may be carried OQtrWlthOUt it, or conductors may extend only part way through thebodies of resistance material. .There is great latitude in regard to the characteristicsof the relatively high resistant material itself, which forinstance may be concrete,- ceramic material, or material of that kind mixed with carbon 'or other suitable 3 material to impart to the mixture a definite degree ofconductivity. I The bodies 10', 11 and 12 might consist of layer's of materials 'with difi'erent character- .the bodies mi sired materia suitable liquid.
The principle direct advantage that may be derived from the unit'collecting electrode eleght-consist of shells ofthe \defilled with gas, oil or other ing electrode or a collecting electrode system of any form, of individual units, whereby the manufacture-of the electrode system is materi'all simplified. The parts may lnentis the possibility of building up a coll'ectd 14 show modifications be easily-assem' led, and readily exchanged 7 for the purposes of re air without requiring an extended shutown of the treater. 7 illustrates a collecting electrode sys- ,tem uilt, up by means of unlt elements ac- 1 cording to this invention. The cylindrical -unit elements 15 containing conductors 15 are disposed in arallel relation in straight rows between w ich are placed in the usual way the discha be, of course, anynumber of rows and the spacing is a matter of judgment depending on particular conditions.v .One additional advantage incident to the.
invention isthe @acility with which the collecting electrodesurface ma be cleaned.
Inasmuch as each unit is re atively small and independent, it can be efiectiyely rapped rge electrodes 16. There may to remove the deposit. The rapping may be 'done at either end, as is well understood in the art.
Similarly thisconstruction facilitates effective cleaning by other methods. For example, each unit can be rotated about its 1 long axis while its surface is in contact with the surfaces of adjacent units, or with a fixed and independent knife ed e. 'Moving one extremity, "in a plane, para lel to the longitudinal axis of all adjacentunits, about the other extremity as a center will loosen and dislodge adhering deposits bridged between adjacent units in the construction shown in Figure 9. 'Theconstruction also lends ittion may'bea plied.
self to cleaning by means of an automatic scra ing device similar in rinciple to that used for cleaning tubes in ueleconomizers.-
There are many wa s in which the invene'unit elements may be placed -vert1cally or horizontally or in any other position. may extend arallel or at an angle to the unit elements. hereis no definite limitin this respect. Instead of forming straight rows, the unit elements may be correlated to define curvedrows." Q
Aside from the advantage of general flexibility of construction, t e invention may lind special application as, for instance, shown in Fi 8 and 9.
In Fig. 8 is illustrated a horizontal flow treater in which the gases enter through the inlet 21 'of the casing 20 and pass out through the outlet 22. The collecting electrodes are composed of unit elements 23 forming a plurality of rows transversely of the gas stream. In the particular construction, there are a plurality of groups of two rows each. The unit elements23 in the two rows of each roup are-in staggered relationas shown in ig.*9. The discharge electrodes 24 are so placedthat each has the same discharge position relatively to two unit elements 23 of a row. N i
The eneral objectof this arrangement is to com ine electrical precipitation and me gle to the gas flow.
chanical separation to ive a maximum cleanin efi'ect. The unit e ements 23 of each row de no a lurality of constricted passages through w liich the gas must flow and due to the staggered relation of; the rows, t gas passages form an alternately constricted and expanded path. The discharge electrodes relatively to sthe collecting charge is directed substantial ly at right an- Therelative positioning of. the collecti unit elements, t 'e' tortuous path and the ternate ex ansions and contractions are in-. strumenta in producing ame'chanical clean electrical preci itating action.
The corona ischarge so named because, it
The discharge electrodes 7 material of an posed ofa plurality of unitelectrodes portions of ,tends to onl'yfaylimited, art of t v area ofthe relativel ing effect, which is supplemented by the is luminous, subjects the ases to a strong electric field and brings a out intense ionization which accomplishes a two-fold urposeJ It tends to recipitate the fume ust, etc. upon the col ecting electrode surfaces and also to agglomerate the minute par? ticles, which ifnot precipitated directly, are mechanically intercepted b the electrodes 23 and thus removed from t e gas stream by gravity action. In Fig. 10 we have shown a modified arrangement of unit element 23, wherein-alternate ones do not contain conducting elements 13.. Discharge electrodes 24 are shown as arranged between two unit electrode containing conductors 13. 'However, in dotted lines we have shown an alternate position for these electrodes.
It is understood that also in this embodiment of the invention, the electrode unit elements 23 may have various forms, such as indicated in Figs. 1-6 and Figs. 11-44.
,We claim: I I 1. In an electrical preci itat or, the combination with two spaced discharge electrode systems of acollecting electrode system composed of a plurality of spaced unit elements, each of said elements comprising a central conductor and a body of relatively high resistant -material surrounding the same. 2. In'an electrical precipitator, the combination with two spaced discharge electrode systemsof a collecting electrode system composed ofa plurality of spaced unit elements, each of said elements com rising a central conductor and a body of relatively high resistant material of-substantially uniform cross-section surrounding the same.
3. In'an electrical precipitator, a collectgelectrode system composed of a plurality of unit elements, said unitelements being spaced a art longitudinally of and trans: versely o the direction of gas flow and each of said elements comprising a central conductor and\a .bod of relatively high resistant bstantially uniform cross-sectioipsunrounding the same,;t-he body of material 'having a diameter considerably inexcess ofrthe thickness of the conductor.
, 4. In an electrical precipitator, the combination of a collecting electrode system comresenting peripheral surfaces; of relatively h resistant material, said electrodes being disin spaced relation and disposed to alternately contracted and expanded 1 tande3 series of dischargr:l elecposi ion wit res ct to sai unit electrodes that the corona disc lfar'ge from said discharge electrodes takes place acrossconsaid gas 'passa esand ex- 1-2.1
esurfac qhig resistant material I of 'aaidunitalect es. 1/ j 5; 4' construction, according to, claim 4, wherein the elements are disposed in 9, d
plurality of rows and the unit elements of one row are displaced relatively to the unit elements in another row.
6. A construction according to claim 4, wherein the unit elements are disposed in a plurality of rows and the unit elements of one row are disposed-on lines midway between adjacent unit elements in an adjacent row.
7. In an electrical precipitator, the combination of a collecting electrode system composed of a pluralty of unit elements presenting peripheral surfaces of relative y resistant material, said elements bein disposed in spaced relation longitudi-na y of and transversely of the direction of gas flow to define alternately contracted and expanded gas passages, and discharge electrodes, each discharge electrode .having a dischargerelation to .twoadjacent unit elements in a row. v
8. In an electrical precipitator, the combination of a collecting electrode system com:
posed of a plurality of unit element's resenting peripheral surfaces of relative y high 4 resistant material, the unit elements being disposed to form a plurality of groups of two parallel. rows each wherein; the unit elements in one row are laterally offset relatively to the unit elements of the other row, each group being spaced from the adjacent group a reater distance than the distance between he rows of the same group, and discharge electrodes disposed between the groups so that each pair of adjacent" unit elements in a row has substantially the same relation to one discharge electrode;
9. In an electricalprecipitator, a collector electrode system definin a gas passage having zones of high and of ow gas velocity, and discharge electrodes; said collector electrode system comprising collecting electrodes of high resistance material presenting only limited surface areas to said discharge electrodes to provide an electrostatic field inand of varying intensity along-saidgas passage, 1 and said discharge electrodes-being so posis tioned that zones of high field intensity are located at zones of high .gas velocity.
10. The invention as set forth in claim 9, wherein said collector electrode system comprises unit elements spaced longitudinally of and transversely of the line of gas travel, each of said elements being an elongated body presentinga peripheral surface of resistance maeria In testimony whereof, we aflix our signa tures.
HARRY A. WINTERMUTE. CARL W. JJHEDBERG.
high
symmetrical
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3725412A4 (en) * 2018-01-15 2021-01-20 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Environmental Solutions, Ltd. Electrostatic precipitator

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3725412A4 (en) * 2018-01-15 2021-01-20 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Environmental Solutions, Ltd. Electrostatic precipitator
US11484890B2 (en) 2018-01-15 2022-11-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Power Environmental Solutions, Ltd. Electrostatic precipitator

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