US1772214A - Sewerage system - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 5, 1930. HGANDILLON SEWERAGB SYSTEM 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan. 24, 1928 IINVENTOR.l H. amdzllon EY *ATTORNEYS Patented Aug. 5, 1930 UNITED STAT-Es r Artnr ermee-ff y HENRI GANDILLON, on YPARIS,FRANCE SEWERAGE SYSTEM Application iled January 24, 132B, Serial No. 249,163, and in France January 25, 1927. i

. The present invention has for its object a process and apparatus adapted to effect Vthe simultaneous removal of iiushing water f and household sewage in sucha .manner that the outside collectionof the sewage, an operation which is unclean and contrary to hygiene. is avoidedand sanitary conditions of towns may be simultaneouly improved'.

According to the invention the household sewage collected from `buildings by. suitable pipes-which. mayk be suitable at the same time for water-is collected at different points by al series -of special drains composed 'of .pipes ,of small sectionY and periodically the 1' mass of'water and sewageis removed by a sudden variation -of air pressure. There is then produced amovement of the household sewage which jeects ascoli-ring of the pipes and assures automatically their cleaning. y

It will be understood' that, due to these mea-naliushi-ng withlclean water becomes useless, avoiding a considerable expense in the installation and operation. At the same .time the manual operations of cleansing-of the old drains is no longer necessary, which represents likewise a considerable economy. A-n essential characteristic otthe `new apparatus consists in 4the construction Aof the drain pipes. Y Y

. These kpipes are combined with reservoirs placed at suitable distancesl apart, forming closed spaces of suitable volume into which pour the sewage and water from` buildings. The drain pipes are provided with depending pipes which extend into the closed spaces. The depending pipes divide the drains into successive lengths` which are preferably of' diii'erent sections; 'Due'to this construction the flushing water which flows' by gravity is obliged to pass through successively the whole of thesaid closed spaces as it encounters them. Y

At suit-able intervals, determined by the duration of the filling of the `closed spaces, these latter are emptied and .cleared of their contents by a'violen-t suction of the drain. Forthis purpose this latter is placed suddenly in communication' withA part -or the whole of the net/work on the outlet side Vof the drain 0 in which the lvacuum--is' createdv and main.-

tained by means of a vacuum'pump. By operation household sewage surrounded :by

a mass otflushing water lcontained inthe closed spaces is precipitated into the respective lengths of the drain and causes the ener- .getic scouring ofthe same, dueto the solid `matter in the 'household sewage. At the same time the household sewage, submitted to lsuccessive pulsations and to .an intimate stirring with the flushing water and atmospheric air, advances nearer and nearer to the extremity ofthe series of pipes. All theheavybodies which at first have notfbeen able to vclear :the length of. the pipes knevertheless advance at each reduction yof pressure, each timegettin'g olf .the bases of theclosed'spaces. i

- rThe invention is characterized further by the lapplication of an automatic system closlng the entrance `to the dependingvpipes so as toprevent the vacuum falling before all the parts of theapparat-us are cleared.

The invention presents further various secondary` characteristics .which will be' hereinafter explained in detail. I

Inorderthat the invention may vbe more clearly understood there has been re`. presented in the diagramma/tic drawing annexedhereto, `given by way of example only, a method of carrying the invention into effect comprising, several,modifications.V

The invention is illustrated panying drawings in which Fig. l is a vertical section of afcoll'ection of tubes adapted to a Agroup of buildings.

Fig. 2 is a correspond-ing plan view.

Figs. 3 and 4 show modifications.

Figs 5 `and 6 showfdeta'il views.

As seen in the drawing, Fig. l, the "drain pipe A. entering af-collecting pipe B is divided intoseparate lengths al, a2, a3 Y. having depending pipes c1, 02., c3 which extend into the interior of the closed chambers d1, d2., da. The first dependingpipe c1 is shorter than the others,v as represented. Branch pipes c1, e2'. are adapted to discharge into these chambers, which act as receivers, the household sewage :andthe flushing water from the buildings, as well aslmudand sweepings from the streets. The receivers are filled partly .by the water supplied from an :overfiow of the receivers above them, and partly by exterior water. w

The liquid manure and the Y household sewage enter the receivers cZ1, d2, d3, Z4 and as soon as the level of the liquids reaches the conduit A, the slope of which may be directed towards B, the said liquids are discharged by mere gravity into the conduit'A and after having passed through the valve g they Vare discharged in the collectorBto the reservoir R whence they are extractedby a wat-er'pump S orby a compressed air ejector Vwhich de-pv livers them-to the purifying basins.

`A vacuum pump PV attached'to the uppery part of the reservoir R produces the vacuum inthe collector B but this'vacuum-is not trans- Y mitted' to the conduit A because the valve g onlyp permits the passage of liquid without letting air pass therethrough.

At a given moment, the sudden opening of the valve g establisheslcomplete communication between the conduit A and the collector B and the vacuum ofthe collector B extends tothe conduit A resulting in the suction of the sewage deposits, which are accumulated at the vbottom'of the receivers cZ1, d2, (Z3, Z4 and Aalso a part of the liquids.'v

The level of the liquids in the receiversv `drops to aV level sothatthe difference between this level and that` of the conduit A corresponds to the vacuum transmitted to this conduit and the appendices 02, c3 remaining plunged. The first receiver Z1 is not as deep as the others (Z2, cZs, d4. Consequently, the receiver Z1 evacuates entirely and the external a ir penetrates through the appendix 0,1 which is no longer plunged in the liquid. A rush of air isthen produced which brushes the conduit A from one end to the other whereupon `the valve g is closed, which occupies t-he original operating position without depression by mere gravity in the conduit.

The household sewage and Adeposits contained in the closed chambers are drawn violently in the drain A, the separate parts of which have dimensions which prevent them being choked. The levels lower in all of the closed chambers up to the time when they are about in -the horizontal plane m1, n1. At this moment air enters fully through the pipe c1 and the vacuum is broken.

The arrangement shown inFigs. 1 and 2,

-iwhichV has j'ust been described, is the diamoment fixed inadvance. Fig. 3 represents the i'irstwhich does not'contain one. The

bottoms of the receivers are conical and terminate at the entrance to the depending pipe which, for thisr purpose,is curved, Preferably this latter widens out in order to facilitate the passage of the materialsl therethrough.

The operationvis the same as previously. In order to clear'the apparatus thedevice at g1 is closed; a partial vacuum is created in the collecting pipes B1 and suddenly communication is re-established. By this operation thel household sewage and deposits contained in the closed chambers are drawn violently in the drainA; the products of the receiver Z11' enter into the length @11; thosel of the receiver CZ12 into the length L12- and so on. The volumes of the' closed chambers cZ11, cZ12, CZ, CZ14 are designedl lower than the volumes of the respectiveV lengths 'a11,'a12, @13,0514 in such a manner that there can be no accumulation of solid matter therein at one point, neither consequently any choking. The levels m1 a1, m2 t2/m3 n3 will be lowered bdrawing with themv the ioating'balls f2, f3 which will finally come into a position to close the upper ends of the depending pipes 012,' C13, 014, but the receiver (Z111, having no obstructing ball, will leave the yorifice 011V` open; then free air enters into the pipe L11 drawing therestfof the sewage which may have been stopped in one of the lengths of the said pipe. In order to facilitate the removal of the materials infrom the exterior into the closed chambers are of smaller section than thatvoftheexit Y opening of the depending'pipe, so `that no wedging action of the-solid material is to be feared at the moment of their-movement in the pipes. y In this system the sewage, conveniently reduced in dimension, may be ejected bythe water closet basins orby any other apparatuslimiting the siZe of the pieces. of-solid matter introduced into the down pipes.

Asa means of safety, and in order to ensure under all circumstances the flow of the liquids, a by-pas'shaving a balanced float is inserted in the drain pipe A1 between each pair of receivers.' lFor this purpose the drain opening k, Fig. 5, whichis closed by a stopper 4 t, and which latter Jormsa. seatfforafloat le contained wit-hin a AperforatedV chamber l.' This float is pierced b y a tube'tlopenatboth endsfso that'lthere maybe communication between the atmosphere of the drain A11 and that ot a small cylinder o" in which the upper end of the tube t, which carries a piston s, can slide; the diameter of this cylinder is about that of the seat.A The cylinder 1 is surmounted by a tube p which carries at its end a closing diaphragm having a small oriice g. All the parts above the seat 7L constitute a movable whole, which can be Withc Y assure. an advancement-Lof they materials, the

drawn from the receiver for cleaning of the screen or for getting at the parts. Further by raising itsuddenly, at the moment when the partial vacuum exists in the drain, there is obtained a vigorous cleaning specially localized in the corresponding and lower length of drain pipe.

The working is as follows:

In case there is insutcient iiow, or even an obstruction inthe passage of a depending pipe between two consecutive periods of emptying the apparatus, the level m, n will be raised to m2, n2. The liquids vfiltered', through the perforated vessel Z raise the float lle and overflow into the drain A.

The system may even operate whilst it is under a partial vacuum. In effect, if at this moment, the ball y being in a position to obstruct the depending tube, there is poured into the receiver a quantity of water greater than its capacity, the float, balanced by the partial vacuum in the cylinder r compensat-` ing the suction upon its seating z' would be raised when the water had attained the level m, n and would cause it to enter into the drain A.

The opening g is provided in order to assure the ventilation of the various lengths of the drain al, a2, a3.

Fig. 6 shows in detail the construction of the tap gn shown in Fig. l, which enables a partial vacuum to be formed in the collecting pipe B11, without interrupting the passage of the liquids from A11 to B11.

This apparatus comprises a box 1 having at its base a seat 2 in communication with the collector B. Upon the seat there is applied a hollow movable body 3 which serves to close the passage between A and B. The wall of 'this body may be perforated in order to form a screen. This body is itself formed with a seat 4 upon which can rest a float 5. This latter is fixed to a piston 6 moving in a corresponding cylinder forming part of the movable body. A tube 7 permits permanent communication of the space below the tap with the closed space of the cylinder 8.

Further a pipe 9 connects the upper closed space 10 of the box 1, forming a cylinder,

with the collector B and is furnished with a .three vway 'tap-1l. lows:

Normally the passage through :the Ytap ll is in the position, indicated fat l1, so that the space, 10 is inicoinmunication with theatmosphere.- rlhe rmovable block rests upOll its seat. The liquids, having qltered through the per-for'aftedwvalgl 'of the chamber 8, raise the float and cafn'fpass into ythe lcollector B.

'Ilia partial vacuum is,l formed inthei collecter B nothing is changed. The liquids can cont-inne to "pass clue to the equilibrium @of depression which is producedabo-Me vand below-the-iloat. y t

In 'order ,tol produce .arpulsation whiohcan .tap` all is turned: in-order tol pnt `the vpassage therethrough Ainto-the -.position indicated. at

ll.. The space 10e/is out oft romVt-he at- `mosphere `and placed incommunication with the collector :B .by means A.of the .pipe 9. At

u:this V moment :the whole .of .the movable .body

3 is lraised to: afllow vthe mixture y,offliquid `andsewage..to pass.. Itwill-.bewell understood -that, insteadl .of .controlling thel system .above described by .means `nl the l.tap .1 1, .otherrrneans could .be .enfiployed.v The movable boclyl maybe rasedland lowered lele@- .trically or .nany .other manner..Y v f From: that which. precedes itff .seen .that .thenormal Lworking essentially Ydue- .to gravity .because the liquids, atterfhavingsuecessi'vely ii-lled die receivers,- ,overilow into .the dranppe A then' into the lower. .part .ofthe drain.V

yThe .system Aof ,drainage which ...is the .Subject bofthe present invention may Serve'fer other, punposes than thatof assuring goed health. fltmay .thus vbe.,applied in certain industries for the transport ,of JlLOe ory less fluid ,or pasty materialS,.miXures of solid and liquid vmatters Vfandtheflilre. For yexample, the .treatment ,of beetroots thesystem vcan be utilized wf1t1-i011tk much medi- The arrangements .above described are onlyglven by way. .Of example; all .the .de-

tails of execution and carryingV into el'ect,v

vthe forms, dimensions of the apparatusVthe materials employed, etc., may. be varied vin all cases without changingthe principleof the f-tjhe Asaid conduit andV extending yinto the said' receivers, oneof said-pipes being in con :etant 'communication withits receiver, and vv@losing'means for the other: of said depending pipes.

:2. ln agseweragesystem, .apluraflity'ot re sewers, branehfpipes for eedingrhousehold sewage'andlfruse into isaad '.receivers, a Acon.-

The operation is as folduit, depending pipes `carried bythe said float for producing equilibrium, during vaconduit and extending in the said receivers, rriations of pressure. Y

The foregoing specification of my sewerone of saidpipes being. in constant communication with its receiver, and a ball valve for closingeach .of the pipes. l

others of said depending 3J In a sewerage system, a plurality of receivers, branch pipes for feeding household sewage and refuse intosaid receivers, a conduit, depending pipes 'carried by the said `conduit land extending in the receivers, said 'age system` si January, 1928.

depending pipes successively increasing: in

cross section.

4. In a sewerage systema plurality of receivers, branch ypipes for feeding householdsewage and refuse into said receivers,

'a conduit communicating with saidreceivers, means for suddenlycreating vacuum in saidV conduit, a by-passA in each receiver to permit the permanent `discharge of excessliquid.

5, VIn av seweragetsystem, a ,plurality` of receivers, branch pipes for feeding householdv sewage. and refuse into said receivers, a conduit, communicating with said receivers means for suddenlycreating vacuum in said conduit, ajby-pass in each receiver to permit the permanent discharge of excess liquid, a

Yfloatin said by-pass, and means for balancing the float at the time vacuum is created. 6. In a sewerage system, a plurality of revceivers, branch pipes for feeding household sewage and refuse into said receivers, a condui-t 'communicatingI with said receivers, means for suddenly creating vvacuum in said conduits, a collector communicating with said conduit, closing means between said conduit and said collector, a movable piston connected to said means, and means for balancing said piston when the pressure in said closing means varies.

7. In a sewerage system, a plurality of receivers, branch pipes for'feeding household sewage and refuse into saidl receivers, a conduit'communicating with said receivers, means for suddenly creating vacuum in said conduit, a collector communicating with said conduit, a boX at the junction of the conduit and yof the collector, a seat in said box, a

hollow piston cooperating with said seat and orifice.V l f 4 8. In a sewerage system, a plurality of receivers, 4branch pipes for feeding household .havingan orifice vat the vbase thereof, and a y vfloat in the lpiston adapted to uncover said sewage and refuse intosaidreceivers, a conduit communicating with said receivers,

means for suddenly creating Vacuum in said conduit, acollector communicating with said conduit, a4 box at the junction vof the conduit and of the collector,a seat, in said box, a hollow piston cooperating with said'seat andV having an orifice at the base thereof, a float in the piston adapted to uncover said orifice, and a relatively small piston rigid with the gned by me vthis 10th day of f HENRI GAN-DILLON.

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