US1765438A - Space-radiation antenna - Google Patents

Description

June 24,1930. 7 MEISSNER 1,765,438

SPACE RADIATION ANTENNA Filedsept. 10, 1925 v 2 SheetS-Shet l fig] H 2 Fig. 5

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INVENTOR ALEXANDER MEISSNER" ORNEY June 24, 1930. MESSNER 1,765,438

SPACE RADIATION ANTENNA Filed Sept. 10, 1925 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ALEXANDER MEISSNER 3% ,adw

TTORNEY Patented June 24, 1930' arcane UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE,

ALEXANDER MEISSNER, OF BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR '10 GESELLSCHAF'I Fiji- DBAHTLOSE TELEGRAIPHIE M. B. HQHALLESCHES, OF BERLIN, GERMANY, A COR.-

IPORATION 0F GERMANY SPACE-RADIATION ANTENNA My invention relates to communication by' means of electromagnetic waves, and, more specifically, to an arrangement for efliciently transferring said waves between the ether and land circuits both for sending and receiving.

In the following description and in the claims parts will be identified by specific names for convenience of expression,'"but they are intended to be as generic in their application to similar parts as the art will permit.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 illustrates a simple high antenna now in use.

Fig. 2 illustrates tween two antennae, tance from ground.

Fig. 3 represents a simple embodiment of the invention, and,

Figs. 4;, 5, 6, and 7 represent further modifications thereof.

All the reference characters denote like parts in the several figures of the drawing.

For traffic with short waves, as is well known, space radiatiomantennae are used. These are antenna which emit the energy principally in the form of space waves rather than in the form of surface waves, and receive or pick up in the same manner. The antennae of this type heretofore used consisted in a. high antenna excited by a harmonic.

Such an antenna is illustrated in Fig. 1, the antenna being denoted by 1 and the curve of current distribution being indicated by 2. So far as space radiation is concerned, it is mainly the portion A, B, that comes into consideration. In the case of relatively short waves it is especially necessary to minimize the ground losses as much as possible. According to the present invention, reduction of ground losses and promotion of space radiation is effected by disposing the antenna free above ground and by building it dipole-fashion, that is, two antennae spaced apart, to which the energy is supplied between them. The distribution of the force lines about. a dipole antenna placed freely aboveground (at comparatively great distance therefrom) in space is indicated in Fig. 2. As shown, there are no lines of force to ground. The

the electrostatic field beeach located at some dis-.

serial No. 55,417, and in Germany September 22, 1924.

ends or individual antennae A and B of a dipole antenna in practical work are built in the shape of relatively ample capacity" surfaces, andthe .continuous energy supply between the two dipole halves must be effected in a symmetrical manner, if possible.

Referring to Fig. 3, A and B are the capacity surfaces or dipole halves midway between which is a supply lead G to which the transmitter or the receiver D is connected thru cou pling coils 3.

Referring to Fig. 4, two coils S and S are inserted in the supply conductor C which serve to extend or increase the natural wave. As shown in the figures, the supply or absorption of energy can be effected through two leads to which the receiving or sending apparatus is connected, the said two leads being preferably kept close together or bifilar in nature.

However, coupling between the dipole antenna and the sending or receiving arrangement can be accomplished also by inductive means, in which case it is a recommendable scheme to use an energy transfer circuit C which is tuned to'the wave length of the dipole. A condenser 4 is shown for tuning purposes. The circuit C unites the dipole antenna with the sending or receiving arrangements, in a manner as indicated in Fig. 5, the tuned connecting circuit being loosely coupled with the dipole antenna by means of coupling coils 5.

Referring now to Fig. 6, instead of the said inductive coupling, capacitive coupling may be resorted to, for instance, through the intermediary of a condenser K which is inserted in series with inductances 6 and 7 between the dipole halves A and B. The supply lead C is connected across condenser K. g

If the supply lead C is rather long, it is a good plan to subdivide the same by means of series condensers 8, in a way as indicated in Fig. 7, since in this manner the formation of high voltages is prevented. The hook-up of Fig. 7- is otherwise the same as that of Fig.

The advantages which an antenna of the kind hereinbefore described offers, in the case of a transmitting arrangement, consists in that-as previously pointed out-an increased space-radiation effect is produced, which means an enlargement of the operating range. Since the radiation resistance of such antenna structures and systems is relatively low, the wire losses must be reduced as far as feasible,

for which reasons a multiple-wire system should conveniently be used, that is to say,

for instance, a cage system of aerial. The supply leads, and, in part, also the antenna wires, may consist of high frequency stranded conductors.

In the case of receiving arrangements, there is a substantial advantage residing in aerials of the sort herein disclosed in that reduction in disturbances as compared with shock excitation is realized. For, as can be seen from Fig. 1, in the space-radiation antennae of the titled to all modifications thereof thatfall' fairly within its spirit and scope as defined in the following claims:

1. Antenna arrangement comprising a plurality of conducting areas disposed freely above ground so that substantially no electrostatic flux leaks from the conducting areas to ground, communication apparatus, means for transferring energy between said areasand said apparatus including a circuit symmetrically disposed with respect to said areas, and means for tuning said circuit to the operating wave length.

2. Antenna arrangement comprising a pair of conducting areas disposed freely and relatively high above ground so that sub stantially'no electrostaticflux leaks from the conducting areas to ground, a circuit including an inductance connecting said areas, communication apparatus, a circuit contain ing a condenser coupled to said inductance and to said apparatus tuned to the operating wave length, said circuit including a pair of bifilar leads.

3. Antenna arrangement comprising a pair of conducting areas disposed freely above ground so that substantially no electrostatic flux leaks from the conducting areas to ground, a circuit connecting said areas, communication apparatus, a circuit symmetrically disposed with respect to said areas, and including a variable condenser for tuning to the operating wave length located between said first circuit and said apparatus, and means for loosely coupling said circuits together. s

4. Antennaarrangement comprising a pair of conducting areas disposed freely above ground so that substantially no electrostatic flux leaks from theconducting areas to ground, communication apparatus, a circuit for transferring energy between said conducting areas and said apparatus, said circuit including a pair of conductors arranged close together and symmetrical with respect to, said areas, said circuit including variable tuning means, a circuit containing an inductance connecting said areas, and means for loosely coupling-said circuits together.

5. Antenna arrangement comprismg a pair of conducting areas disposed freely and at a relatively high distance above the ground so that substantially no electrostatic flux leaks from the conducting areas to ground, communication apparatus, means at all times symmetrically disposed with respect to said areas for transferring energy between said areas and said apparatus, and

a loose coupling between said means and said apparatus, said means including a tuning apparatus located adjacent said coupling.

ALEXANDER MEISSNER.

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