US1763919A - Furnace structure - Google Patents

Description

June 17, 1930. J. F. eoonuAEM :r Al. 1363,91!)

FURNACE STRUCTURE June 17, 1930. l

,1. F. BooRAEM Er Al.

FURNACE STRUCTURE FilQd May e, 1 927 s snets-sneet 2 June 17; 19.30. J. F BooRAEM ET AL FURNACE STRUCTURE Filed May 6, 1927 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENToRs oaram and BYZZJQZ'ZM/ Patented June 17, 1930 narran eras rar roHN FRANCIS BooRAnM AND EDWARD J. Hartroimor GRRENWIGH, CONNECTICUT FURNACE STRUCTURE Application led May 6, 1927. SerialkNo. 189,424.

This invention relates to furnace structures7 and has for its piimary object and purpose to provide an improved wall structure for the furnace whereby the part of the wall structure which is exposed to the high temperature products of combustion will be maintained at a comparatively low temperature, and the Aheat radiated therefrom utilized for the purpose of supplying pre- 10 heated air of high oxygen content to the combustion chamber whereby ignition of the fuel may be facilitated and its more perfect combustion assured.

More particularly, our present invention involves a furnace structure having a main outer wall and a structurally independent inner lining wall composed of courses of refractory blocks, said blocks being eon- Y structed and relatively arranged in the adzo jacent courses so as to provide throughout the area of the wall a multiplicity of vertically and horizontally extending intercommunicating air circulating passages. Suitable provision is made in the outer main wall for admitting the cool external air to said circulating passages Vandat suitably predetermined points the inner lining wall is also provided with means for admitting the air from said circulating passages into 3o the combustion chamber of the furnace.

of the inner lining wall are not interlocked or bound to the bricks of the outer wall, under the intense heat generated in the combustion chamber., the lining wall blocks may expand without resistance, thus obviating fracture or breakage thereof. By our improved construction and arrangement of the blocks in the lining wall, we obtain a maximum area of each block with which the air may contact whereby the heat absorbed by refractory blocks'maintained at a comparaoff by the circulating air currents and said refractory. blocks maintained at a comparatively low and substantially uniform temperature.

It is also an additional object of our invention to provide an improved arrangement of the bricks in the outer main wall of the furnace structure which will result in an equalization of expansion of thev wall throughout itsarea and tend to obviate the formation of breaksor crevices at the joints thereof..

.With the above and otherrobjects in view, ,55

the invention consists in the improved furnace structure and in the form, construction .l and relative arrangement of its several parts as will be hereinafter more fully described, illustratedv in the accompanying drawings 6G and subsequently incorporated in the subjoined claims.

In the drawings, wherein we have shown one simple and practical-embodiment of the invention, and in which similar reference characters designate corresponding parts throughout theseveral lviews,-

Figure l is a vertical sectional view of a part of one of the sidewalls and the bottom or floor of the furnace structure showing one embodiment of our present improvements;

Fig. 2 is a detail perspective view of one of the refractory blocks of the inner lining Y wall of the furnace;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary of the lining wall;

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional view taken vsubstantially on the line i-4l of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken' von the line 5-,5 of Fig. 4; l so t Owing to the fact that the refractory blocks Fig. 6 is a similarV vertical sectionf-taken on the line Gh of Fig. 4*;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary elevation'of the outer side' of thelining wall of thefurnace;

Fig. 8 is a detail vertical section showing 85 a slightly modified application of our pres. ent improvements, and

vFig. 9 is an interior fragmentary elevation as indicated bythe line 9 9 in Fig. 8. v Y

It will be understood as this .description 9o proceeds that 'our present improvements may be applied only to oneof the furnace walls, or to both of the side walls and also to the rear and bottom wall or floor of the furnace structure as may be desired. Preferably, the structure embodiesV an outer main wall generally indicated at 5 which may be composed of ordinary building brick. These brick are desirably arranged in superimposed courses in the manner illustrated inner face viewv 75 more particularly inVA and 6,'of the drawings, from which it will be observed thatY the bricks are arranged in two super.-V

imposed stretcher lcourses 6, said wall having Va thickness equal to threeof the stretcher course bricks.Y Each brick is of' a length substantially equal to twice the width thereof, and above each two courses of the lstretcher .brick 6, a course lof header brick 7 are arranged, the outer ends of said header brickbeing flushwith' the outer face of the j wall.

i bricks 7, a single course lof stretcher brick 8 At the inner ends of thesev header are yarranged in line withv the inner bricks of the stretcher courses 6. Between each pair fof courses o f the stretcher` bricks 6 and the ybrick-s -7 and 8, a course of header Vbricks 9 is"r arran'g'ed 4with their innerv ends flush with the innerface of the wall 5 Aand' a .course of stretcher brick 10'eXtends between the outer ends of the header bricks 7 and y'they outer stretcher course .bricksV 6. This distribution of theY bricksV composing the outer main wall-of the furnace more effectively breaks up and equalizes the forces of expansion throughout the wall structure and obviates breaking of the joints at the outer face of the wall. f Y

The inner lining wall 11 ofthe furnace kstructureV is composed of courses lof refractory blocks, one of whichis shown in detail'v in Fig. 2 of the drawings. These blocks are comparatively large and are formed in suitable mold" to provide a rectangular body section 12 upon one side vof which and centrally thereof a projection orv extension 13-is formed,"the end portion of the eXtenysionA being reduced in thickness or provided r,at Aitsupper and lower faces with the rabn bets or open channels indicated at 14. Preferably, the sideface of the body 12 of the block where it merges orjoins with the end facesof the-projection`13 is arcuately curved as indicated at15. Y

drawings with ythe end joints between the Fromtheabove description it will be understood that the inner face*y of' the outer wallv 5 is entirely smooth or unbroken. In erecting'the inner'refractory lining wall, the blocks'arearranged in superimposed courses as clearly Yshown in Figs. 1 and 3 of the blocks in each course Ahorizontally spaced from the end joints between the blocks of the adjacent upper and lower courses for a distancesubstantially equalto one-'third'of the length of the block. By this arrangement,

the ends of: the vprojections 13 on therev ffractory'blocks'in adjacent courses which rarev engaged againstl the inner face of the outer mainwall 5 are laterallyy spaced apart, thus producing as shown in `Figs. 4 and 7 of the drawings,substantially vertically continuous channels or`air passages 16. These passages are of course, in open communication with the spaces between the projections 13Mofthe refractory blocks inthe same course `andthe overlapping endsv of these projec- 'tionsA on the blocks in adjacent courses being the main outerwall 5, openings are provided in communi- Y cation with spaces between ,the projections 13 of Vadjacent refractory blocksV of the' inner.

lining wall so ythat the external air .may be drawn into. the circulationpassage's between Vthe inner and outer walls by the 1 indiiction` effect created 4through said passages by the natural draft of the furnace. Therefore, l provide certain of the refractory lining wall blocks with openingsfor yrecesses also com'- municatingV with. the yair passages and through whichthe preheated air is ldrawn into the combustion chamber. As herein shown, we preferably provide tue refractory blocks at one of their ends and in one of the longitudinal `faces thereof-with the trans- Y verse recesses 17 saidV blocks when'arranged'l infadjacenti courses of the wall having the recesses 17 thereof in mating or'registering relation as clearly shown in Fig." 3 of the rangement V-of these air inlet openings Vdrawings'. `However, any'cther desired v ar` u through the inner 'lining wall may bepro- Y vided.

In Fig. 1 of the drawings, 'we have also shown the floor or bottom of the combustion chamberhaving an upper section composed vof refractory blocks.l Insuch case however, 'the blocks 12 .are .of less thickness than'the refractoryt blocks used in the sidewalls of the furnace. Otherwise, their construction and arrangement is similar to that above'de' passages between saidblocks and the underlying` base wall of masonry or other 'material which extend both longitudinally and trans'- verselyY of the combustion chamber and at suitable intervals communicate'with the lat- Vter through openings fo'rmedfin the refractory blocks. It will be noted that the rows of blocks'12 contiguous .to the side and4 end walls of the furnace, may extend under the lowermost courses of fire blocks ofthe ,latter vwalls'A so that the air circulation passagesv of said walls and ofthe iloorof the furnace will be in communication. witheachother.

In ' Figsl 8 and 9 we have illustrated an-V other alternative arrangement `which may be usedin'conjunction with a'masonry or con-L crete furnace wall structure for'the` purpose of supplying preheated air vbeneath."the fuel bed supporting: grate lof the-furnace; ln

, iioA scribed so as to provide intercommunicating this case, immediately above the grate, the inner face of the furnace wall is provided with a channel or recess 18 of suitable depth and width which` is adapted to receive the two rows of refractory blocks 12a of the construction above described. Air supply openings 17a extend through the furnace wall from the outer face thereof and supply air to the passages formed between the spaced proj ections 13 of the refractory blocks in the upper row. The spaces between the projections on the blocks 120A in the lower row communicate with the interior of the furnace below the grate 20 through additional passages 19 formed in the wall structure. rlhus, the air entering through passages 18 will be preheated by contact with the refractory blocks 12a before it is admitted through the passages 19 and is drawn upwardly through the fuel bed, thus facilitating the rapid combustion of the fuel. v

From the foregoing description considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, the construction, manner of operation and several advantages of our present improvements will be clearly understood. lt will be seen that there is no bond or positive connection of any kind between the inner refractory lining wall and the main outer wall of the furnace structure so that the blocks or units composing said lining wall are free to expand with respect to the outer wall. lt will also be apparent that we thereby obtain a maximum surface area on each of the refractory blocks with which the air entering between the inner and outer walls may come into contact. Therefore, the air circulating between said walls will rapidly absorb heat radiated from the refractory blocks to maintain the same at a substantially uniform and comparatively low temperature. Since this air circulated between the walls becomes thus highly heated, it may if desired, bevutilized for combustion purposes in furnaces of the type burning pulverized fuel, oil or gas by discharging the preheated air into the furnace at the zone of combustion either by induced draft or under pressure of a suitable blower. Therefore, it will be appreciated that our invention provides not only for a furnace structure which will not rapidly deteriorate or burn out and require frequent relining of the walls, but also provides a means whereby more perfect and thorough combustion of the fuel may be obtained, thus resulting in economical operation of the furnace.

While we have herein shown and described several simple and desirable embodiments of our present improvements, it will nevertheless be understood that the essential features thereof might also be embodied in various other alternative structures, and we accordingly reserve the privilege of resorting to all such legitimate changes therein for a distance substantially equal to the i thickness of the body portion of the block, said part being substantially square'in cross section and adapted for abutting contact against the inner face of ythe furnace wall, said blocks being arranged in horizontal courses, and the spaces between said projecting parts of adjacent blocks providing air passagesy therebetween of substantially equal area to the area of contact of said parts with the face of the main furnace wall. 2. A furnace lining wall composed of refractory blocks each having an elongated rectangular body portionv and a part projecting centrally from one side of said body portion for a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the body portion of the block, said part being substantially square in cross section and adapted for abutting contact against the inner face of the furnace wall, said blocks being arranged in horizontal courses, and the spaces between said project-` ing parts of adjacent blocks providing air passages therebetween of substantiallyequal area to the area of contact of said parts with hereto.

JOHN FRANCIS BOORAEM. l EDWARD J. HATTON.

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