US1763665A - Firearm - Google Patents

Description

June 17, 1930. o. H. LOOMIS FIREARM Filed Feb. 16, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet l H m v u June 17, 1930., I O. H. LOOMIS 1,763,665

. m A 3511 W FIREARM Filed Feb. 16, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 IE] Hjgjms Patented June 17, I 930 v UNITED STATES PATENT. OFFICE OLIVER H. LOOMIS, OF ILION, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO REMINGTON ARMS COMPANY,

. INC., A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE rrnmam Application filed. February 16, 1925. Serial No. 9,582.

. tubular magazine extending longitudinally beneath the barrel, and are transferred one at a time to the chamber. The shell in the chamber is fired by the impact therewith of a firing pin driven forward by a blow from a pivoted hammer. The hammer is held in cocked position by the engagement with a notch therein of the nose of a sear integral with the trigger. I

When the gun has been fired the functions of unlocking and retracting the breech block,

ejecting the empty shell, cocking the hammer, transferring a fresh shell from the magazine to the chamber, and advancing and locking the breech block, are all performed by reciprocating an action bar attached to the forearm, the movement of the action bar and forearm being first rearward, then forward to initial position. Since guns of this type are fired from the shoulder, and are usually held against the shoulder by means of the forearm, it is necessary that the action bar be locked against rearward movement when the gun is in ready-to-fire condition. To this end the Browning patent above identified provides an action bar lock, and a control device'therefor, associated with the hammer, which prevents retraction of the action bar while the hammer is cocked, unless the lock is released by manipulation of an extending finger piece.

It is likewise desirable that means be provided for preventing the fall of' the hammer until the action bar has been fully advanced, thereby closing the breech and locking the breech block. The hammer is concealed in the receiver, and in order to cock the hammer it is necessary to fully operate the actlon. If the hammer can he moved forwardas the action is closed by holding the trigger depressed or by other manipulation, the hammer can be cocked only by again operating the action and thereby ejecting the unfired shell in the chamber. I

Moreover, if the hammer can be released to move forward when the breech block is not closed and locked, there is danger that a shell or cartridge may be fired with the breech block in this condition, with serious injury to the mechanism or the shooter, or both. This is a contingency which must be carefully guarded against.

In the Browning patent above identified a device associated with the action bar lock engages the hammer and holds it in cocked position during the greater part of the forward movement of the breech block. However, the construction of this device is such that the hammer is released before the breech block is locked. Moreover, it is efiective only if the action bar has been fully retracted. Assume that a fresh shell'has been placed in the chamber and the breech closed and locked by one complete operation of the action bar. If the action bar lock is now withdrawn by manipulation of the finger piece provided for this purpose, and the action bar partially retracted, the hammer is then free from the mer and trigger, effective to prevent the forward movement of the hammer while the .tri gger is held depressed, and likewise effective to prevent depression of the trigger during a certain part of the movement of the hammer.

A further object of the invention is'to rovide means for preventing the release 0 the hammer from the sear when the breech is not entirely closed, this means being controlled solely by the position of the action bar and not dependent on a certain sequence of operations of the mechanism.

With these and other objects in view my invention consists in the novel combinations and arrangements of parts which are illustrated in the drawings and will be hereinafter described;

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a fragmentary side elevation, partly in section, of the receiver of a gun embodying my invention, showing the action closed, the hammer cooked, and the associated parts in the corresponding positions.

Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation of the trigger plate, action bar slide, and a part of the breech block, the slide being in its rearmost position.

Fi 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 showing the ide passing out of engagement with the hammer, and the hammer and trigger lock in effective position.

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 2 showing the hammer cooked and the action bar slide forward and locked.

Fig. 5 is a planview of the trigger plate and parts mounted thereon.

Fig. 6 is a 'detail of the trigger locking sear.

Fig. 7 is a vertical section thru the trigger plate showing the hammer engaged by the f leased from the shell retaining devices to trigger controlled hammer latch.

F1 8 is an inverted plan view of the action fiar slide.

The fire control mechanism is housed in a receiver or frame 10 having a. bottom opening 11, thru which the fresh shells are inserted into the magazine 12 and the empty shell cases are ejected. Slidably mounted in guide channels 13 in the sides of the frame is an action bar slide 14 attached by pin 15 to an action bar 16 which is connected at its forward end of the usual forearm (not shown). The action bar slide 14 is thus adapted to be reciprocated by manipulation of the forearm, and the reciprocation of the action bar controls the operations incident to ejecting the empty shell case from the chamber and feeding the, fresh shell from the magazine to the chamber in the manner which will be hereinafter described. The breech block, indicated generally by 17 comprises longitudinal recesses which contain the extractor 18 and the firing pin 19. The firing pin is held in place by cross pin 20, and is retracted from engagement with the head of the shell by spring 21. A recess cut in the top of the frame 10 forms a recoil shoulder 22 adapted to engage the end- 23 of the breech block,

thereby locking the breech block in breech closing position until it is lowered by movement of the action bar.

A lug or hook 24 projecting downwardly from the breech block is adapted. to engage a messes recess 25 in the action bar slide 14: as clearly shown in Fig. 2. When the action bar is drawn rearwardly the forward edge of hook 24 is engaged by an inclined cam face 26 on the action bar slide whereby the breech block is lowered out of engagement with recoil shoulder 22. Further rearward movement of the action bar drawsthe breech block rearwardly, breech block and the action bar slide moving together. On the forward movement of the action bar, the action bar slide and breech block move together until the breech is closed and the end 23 of the breech block is in front of recoil shouldder 22. As

the forward movement of the action bar is completed the inclined cam face 27 of action bar slide 25 raises the breech block into engagement with recoil shoulde 22.

The means for retaining shells in the magazine, and for releasing them one at a time to about its horizontal pivot into position to engage the head of the second shell in the magazine and hold this shell until the retainer 28 is restored to' efi'ective position.

The means for transferring the shell reposition to be moved into the chamber by the head of the breech block, comprises a carrier device, pivoted at 30 to the sides of the frame 10. This carrier device comprises iongitudinally extending spring fingers 31 connected at their rear ends by a cross piece 32. When the breech is closed the carrier fingers are in the position indicated in Fig. 1. As the action bar and breech block begin to move rearwardly, the ends of lingers 31 engage cams 33 on the sides of the breech block, moving the fingers upwardly into a recess 34 in the top of the receiver. In the further rearward movement of the breech block, the

beneath the carrier fingers. As the breech block and action bar slide reach the end of their rearward movement, cross piece 32 is engaged by cam face 36 at the rear of the action bar slide and the carrier fingers are quickly moved downwardly to eject the empty shell cases, and to receive a fresh shell from the magazine. As the action bar slide reaches the end of its rearward movement the rearmost shell in the magazine is released from retainer 28 and is pushed out of the magazine on to the carrier fingers 31 by the magazine spring. As the actionbar slide begins to move forward, inclines 37 on 'the carrier fingers are engaged by cam faces 38 on the action bar slide, and the carrier fingers, with the shell which has been placed spread'to permit the passage of the breech block, and dropping behind the cam shoulders 33. The shell retaining and transferring devices are more fully described in the Browning patent above identified.

At the rear of the cartridge or shell opening 11 is a trigger plate 40,'which carries certain elements of the fire control mechanism, including a hammer 41 The hammer is pivotedon a transverse pin 42, and is connected by means of a pin 43 with a rearward ly extending hammer link 4. A hammer spring 45 lies in-a suitable recess in the trig ger plate, and a spring follower 46 engages the end of hammer link 44'.

A trigger 47 pivoted in the trigger plate on trigger pin 48, comprises a forwardly extending arm or sear 49, adapted to engage a hammer notch 50, and is pressed toward hammer engaging position by sear spring 51. The trigger likewise comprises an unwardly extending heel 52 adapted to engage the trigg ger locking safety stud 53. M

An action bar locking member 54, pivot- "ally mounted on the trigger pin 48, is urged to rotate counterclockwise (Figs. 2, 3 and 4) by actio'n bar lock spring 55, into the position shown in Figs. 1 and 4, in which the nose 56 of the action bar lock engages the heel 561 of the action bar slide, locking the slide against retraction. The means for automatically rocking the action bar slide to ineffective position when the gun is fired, comprises a springmember 57 having an en 571 which extends transversely over the hammer link 44. Spring member 57 is'secured to the look at its forward end, and vpasses under a short stud 58 on the lock. The hammer link comprises a cam lug 59 which, on

i the forward movement of the hammerengages the lateral extension of the spring member 57, moving it upward. The tension .on this member is then sufiicient to overcome the action bar block spring 55, and the action bar lock is rotated clockwise to inefiective posi tion. Means are provided for manually mov-- ing the action bar lock to ineflective position, comprising an extending finger piece 60 integral with the action bar lock.

My invention contemplates interlocking devices effective to prevent release of the hammer from cocked position'whenever the action bar slide is out of its forward or home position, in which position it holds the breech block locked, as shown in Fig. 1. These interlocking devices comprise first, a sear controlled by the action bar lock and acting to block the movement of the trigger 7 whenever the action bar lock'is not in effective position; and second, a latch bonstituting an interlock between hammer and trigrename 5 lows:

,Alever or'safety sear 61, pivoted finthe triggerraplate at'f62 comprises a: forwardly extending etoe 63: which :underlies the rear ger. :The strigger locking device. mentioned I thevactionwbarnlockis constructed asfolendow-tail vof. the actionebar lock, anda ismoved foriwardby the spring; 65 toa position in which it ;is effective toblock movement-ofi the trigger to hammer releasing posi tion. v But when the nose of the action bar lock; 18. raised by spring 551mm efi'ectiveposition, its tail engagesthe safety sear moving it rearwardly and-downwardly. The foot 64 is therebymoved opposite a .groove or de-;

pression 65' in {the trigger.. The trigger is the fremto. move to hammer releasing position, the groove 65 embracing the foot64.-

i.-Thesinterlock-between: hammer and triger ,comprises latch 66 pivotedon-a cross pm 67, which fpin also .servesas a stop for the-action bar lock.- The latch 66 comprises.

aiheel 661 adaptedto engage the trigger, and amose 68: adapted, when heel 661- is raised bypressing the trigger, "to engage a ledge or lip;.69:on .the'ham ner. .The engaging surfaces of the lip 69 and the nose 68 are beveled,

so.that-thehammer:willcamthe latch back I and move past itunless thelatch is positively held-in. hammer engagingjposition. Above the-nose 68 the latch comprises an jarcuate face (1 7 Okadapted tocoirtact with the edge of the lip ,69 ,iasthis,part ofthe hammer moves past said face... The engagement of theface 70 with-thelip 69efl'ects the-movement of the triggen-to position in which the sear will engage the hammer notch, as the hammer is drawn backward, a d again as it moves forard to normal. cockedfposition.

The 1 operation of ,myimproved interlocking- 7 devices is; as follows Assume that the gl n ;i's,cocked, and,the breech closed. -The in the-position shown in Figs. 1 and 4.- The hammer-As .held by the -se ar, the nose ofthe action bar lock is pushed upward bythe aeparts ofthe .fire control mechanism are then tiombarlgock spring intothe; path of the heel of the action bar slide, thus locking the action bar. Thesafety sear is pushed rearwardly against the tension of its spring by the tail of the action bar lock, so that the foot 64 is opposite the groove in the trigger, and, the trigger is free to move.

In order'to retract the action bar to unlock and open the breech, it is necessary to press the finger piece 60 rearwardly, thereby rocking the nose of the action bar lock out of the path of the action bar slide. This movement however, raises the heel of the action bar lock out of engagement with the safety sear.

The safety sear is thereupon moved forward by its spring, the foot moving out of alignment with the groove in the trigger and blocking the trigger against the movement necessary to release the hammer from the sear. The trigger is thus blocked against the slide holds the nose of the action bar lock is ineffective. If the action bar is now par tially retracted the bottom of the action bar slide holds the nose of the action bar lock depressed and the safety sear remains in trigger locking position. llhe trigger is again released for operation only when the action bar is fully advanced and the action bar lock rocked by its spring to effective position.

Assume now that the gun has been fired and the action bar is given one full operation for the purpose of ejecting the empty shell, and reloading. As the action bar slide moves rearwardly it carries the hammer back to the position shown in Fig. 2; in the normal operation of the gun as the action bar moves forward the hammer also moves forward to the Fig. 1 position, in which it is engaged by the sear. Suppose, however, that the shooter attempts to hold the trigger back while operating the action. The action bar may be operaated but the hammer will remain cocked, the mechanism for effecting this result operating as follows: As the action bar is retracted the action bar slide 14 moves rearwardly out of engagement with the nose 56 of the action bar lock, to the position shown in Fig. 2. In this position the heel of the action bar lock engages and depresses the safety sear 61 so that the foot 64 registers with the trigger notch 65 and the trigger is free from the locking action of the safety sear. However, in its cocking movement the hammer engages and rocks the hammer latch 66, which, thru the shoulder 661 forces the finger engaging part of the trigger forward, thereby warning the shooter that the trigger should be released. But if the shooter continues to. draw rearwardly upon the trigger, again depressing it, the nose 68 of the hammer latch 66 engages v with the ledge 69 on the hammer, thereby retaining the hammer in the position shown in Fig. 7 as long as the trigger is held depressed. When the trigger has been released'and the hammer starts forward, the arcuate face 70 of the latch is engaged by the end of the hammer, thus preventing a second depression ofthe trigger until the hammer clears said arcuate face, and before this occurs, the action bar slide 14 moves into engagement with the nose 56 of the action bar lock and rocks said lock out of engagement with the safety sear 61,

thereby permitting spring 65 to swing the safety sear into trigger locking position. The hammer thus comes to rest in engagement with the nose 49, that is, in its normal cocked position.

aveaeee Variations in the structure iilustrated and described mayberesorted to, it being understood that the embodiment of the invention herein shown is illustrative rather than restrictive, and that the invention is limited only by the scope of the appended claims.

It claim:

1. In a fire control mechanism, in combination, a trigger plate, a hammer and a trigger pivoted in said trigger plate, and a trigger controlled hammer latch pivoted in said plate and adapted to engage said hammer when said trigger is held depressed.

2. In a fire control mechanism, in combination, a hammer, a trigger controlling said hammer, a pivoted interlock adapted to alternately block the forward movement of the hammer and the hammer releasing movement of the trigger.

3. In a fire control mechanism, in combination, a hammer, means for retracting said hammer, a trigger mechanism adapted to retain said hammer in cocked position, but to release said hammer when depressed, and an interlock adapted to engage said hammer when said trigger is held depressed during the retraction of said hammer, and to prevent hammer releasing movement of said trigger during a part of the movement of said hammer.

4- In a fire control mechanism in combination a frame, an action bar, a pivoted hammer, a pivoted trigger comprising a nose adapted to engage and hold said hammer, an action bar lock pivoted concentric with said trigger, a substantially vertically disposed trigger lock separately pivoted in said frame and overlying said trigger, and a rearwardly extending projection on said action bar lock ildtipbed to engage a portion of said trigger 5. In a fire control mechanism, in combination, an action bar, a pivoted hammer, a pivoted trigger comprising a forwardly extending sear nose adapted to engage said hammer, a hammer spring, a strut connecting said hammer and hammer spring, an action'bar lock pivoted concentric with said trigger and controlled by said strut, a trigger lock controlled by said action bar lock, and a hammer lock controlled by said trigger.

" OLIVER H. LOOMIS.

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