US1758858A

US1758858A - Gas-making apparatus

Info

Publication number: US1758858A
Application number: US169237A
Authority: US
Inventors: Schwarz Alfred
Original assignee: COAL AND OIL PRODUCTS CORP
Current assignee: COAL AND OIL PRODUCTS Corp
Priority date: 1927-02-18
Filing date: 1927-02-18
Publication date: 1930-05-13
Anticipated expiration: 1947-05-13

Description

y 13, 1930- I A A. SCHWARZ 1,758,858

GAS MAKING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 18, 1927 bu. As

(freq SchWurZ INVENTOR ATTORN EY Patented May 13, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ALFRED SCHWARZ, OF MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO "COAL AND OIL PRODUCTS CORPORATION, A CORPORATION OF DELAWARE GAS-MAKING APPARATUS Application filed February 18, 1927. Serial No.169,237.

My invention relates to apparatus for making gas and more particularly has reference to a device for separately and simultaneously generating water gas and oil gas.

It is an object of my invention to provide an apparatus for the manufacture of both water gas and oil gas in an efficient and highly economical manner.

A further object of my invention resides in the combination of an oil gas retort with.

a water gas generator in such a manner as to utilize the waste heat of the water gas production for the manufacture of oil gas.

A further object of my invention resides in the provision of an apparatus for efficiently utilizing the heat of the blow gases of a water gas set as well as the heat contained in the water gas itself for the generation of oil gas.

According to known processes, water gas is enriched by supplying directly to the stream of gas oils of a gravity not below Baum and as a general rule oils bet-ween 28 and 32 Baum are employed for this purpose. Such oils, however, are becoming more and more expensive. Heavier oils on the other hand are at present less in demand and consequently are much cheaper and in addition possess higher B. t. n. values. Such heavy oils, however, cannot be introduced directly into the water gas stream, it having been found that large quantities of lamp black are produced from certain portions of the oil while, water and oil emulsions are formed from other portions thereof. It is therefore a still further object of my invention to provide an apparatus for utilizing such relatively heavy and cheap grades of oil in the production of gas without the objec tionable precipitation of material quantities of carbon as lamp black and the formation of water and oil emulsions.

For a more detailed understanding of my invention reference is had to the accompany- 59 In the drawing Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional view of a water gas generator my invention, and

Fig. 2 is an'enlarged vertical section of a modified form of the invention.

In the drawing like reference characters indicate like elements of construction. Referring to Fig. l, numeral 1 indicates generally a customary type of water gas generator consisting of the shell 2, brick lining 3, grate 4, steam supply pipe 5 controlled by valve 5, water gas main 6 controlled by valve G air blow gas main 7 controlled by valve 7*, and air blast main 8 connected to air blower 9 and controlled by the valve 10. In the top of the generator 1 are inserted one or more retorts 11 made of heat resisting material such as nickel chrome steel. any suitable number of retorts 11 may be employed, two being shown in the present modification. These retorts are so positioned in the generator as to lie in the path of flow preferably both of the air blow gases and the water gas. It will, of course, be understood that the retorts needmot necessarily be placed in the position shown, it beiiig only essential that they be so located as to be heated either by the blow gases or by the generated water.

embodying gas or preferably both.

An oil reservoir 12 is connected to each of the retorts by feed pipes 13 and further associated with the retorts are superheated steam inlet pipes lt connected to any suitable source of superheated steam. Such steam' might be superheated by the utilization of the waste heat gases from the air blow period of the generator, or even by the utilization of the sensible heat of the finished gas. The

pipes

13 and 14 preferably terminate in any suitable nozzle within the retorts for atomizing the oil as is customary when oils are burned in an oil burner. The retorts are also provided with gas outlet pipes 16 which, if desired, may be connected to outlet 6 at any suitable point. It is to be understood, however, that the specific construction of the retorts 11 and the means for feeding oil and steam thereto may take various. -forms. Furthermore the retorts need not necessarily be placed within the generator proper but may be disposed in a sepaa-te chamber adjacent the generator, the chamber being adapted to receive hot gases from the generator. Also the oil may be preheated by waste gases from the system and a waste heat boiler may be utilized for generating steam andv superheating the same.

In operation coal or other suitable carbonaceous material is supplied to the generator 1 and combustion. initiated on the grate 4. Valve 6 being closed and valve 7 being open, air is blown upwardly from the grate 4 from pipe 8 and blower 9untilithe coal bed is raised to inc-andescence. It will be noted that during the air blow period the retorts 11 are heated to an operating temperature by the heat of the blow gases which would otherwise go to waste. After the mass of coal has reached incandescence valve 7 is closed, 6 opened and the air supply cut off by means of valve 10. Steam is now admitted through inlet pipe 5 and at the same time oil and steam are introduced or atomized in the retorts 11 through the

lines

13 and 14. It will be noted that the heat of the water gas generated by the introduction of steam into the incandescent coal is utilized in the generation of oil gas within the retorts 11, the resultant oil gas being withdrawn through pipes 16. A very rich oil gas is produced and may be sep arately scrubbed in any suitable manner and collected or, if desired, it may be directly joined at a suitable point where the gases are at a proper temperature in the line 6 with the water gas issuing from the latter. Water r is usually made in this manner in intervals ranging from three to ten minutes, the coal bed being then blown again with air to incandescence and the operation repeated. Oil gas may be produced in this manner during both periods, that is during the blow period and the period of water gas generation, or it may be produced in either one of these periods. When oil gas is produced only during the water gas generation period, it will be seen that the heat of the blow gases is utilized in raising the retorts 11 to an operating temperature. Since the retorts segregate the oil gas both from blow gases and the blue water gas, if it is desired to produce a mixed gas, it is only necessary to join the oil gas with the water gas after the latter is separated from the blow gas.

In Fig. 2 is shown a modification of the apparatus according to which the oil gas retort 15 is positioned directly within the blow gas main 7. Oil and superheated steam are introduced into the retort 15 in a manner similar to that of Fig. 1. If desired, the water gas may also be discharged through this main 7 so that the retort 15 will be alternately heated by the blow gases and the water gas. Or a separate discharge may be provided for the water gas so that the retort may be heated only by the blow gases.

In practice, I have in this manner made ater gas of about 290 B. t. u. per cu. ft. and oil gas of about 1000 or more B. t. u. per cu. ft. By regulatingthe supply of oil to the retorts and also mixing the oil gas and water gas in regulated quantities, any desired gas mixture, for example anaverage B. t. u. gas of 587 B. t. u. can be produced. The excess carbon in the oil which ordinarily separates as a tarry residue, rather than accumulating in the retorts, is/disposed of therein by decomposition of a portion of the steam into hydrogen and oxygen and with the formation of carbon monoxide as from the excess carbon. Since the oil in its original state at no time contacts with the water gas and the steam blown upwardly through the incandescent coal, there is no occasion for the formation of undesirable water and oil emulsions within the apparatus.

It is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific construction here shown and described as the invention permits of various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claim.

Having described my invention, what I claim is:

A gas making apparatus comprising a water gas generator, means for introducing air into the lower portion of said generator,

means for'introducing steam into the lower portion of said generator, a blow gas outlet in the upper portion of said generator, a water gas outlet in the upper portion of said generator, a plurality of retorts disposed wvithin said generator, one of said retorts being positioned directly in the path of gases removed through said blow gas outlet, another of said retorts being positioned directly in the path of gases removed through said water gas outlet, means for introducing oil to said retorts, and means for removing 011 gases from said retorts.

ALFRED SOHWARZ.