US1758710A - Electron-discharge device - Google Patents
Electron-discharge device Download PDFInfo
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- US1758710A US1758710A US336463A US33646329A US1758710A US 1758710 A US1758710 A US 1758710A US 336463 A US336463 A US 336463A US 33646329 A US33646329 A US 33646329A US 1758710 A US1758710 A US 1758710A
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- cathode
- palladium
- electron
- hydrogen
- discharge
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- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 208000028659 discharge Diseases 0.000 description 15
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 4
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 2
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001474977 Palla Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001879 copper Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 helium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004678 hydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/04—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of thermionic cathodes
- H01J9/042—Manufacture, activation of the emissive part
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/14—Solid thermionic cathodes characterised by the material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/934—Electrical process
- Y10S428/935—Electroplating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
- Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
- Y10S428/938—Vapor deposition or gas diffusion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12868—Group IB metal-base component alternative to platinum group metal-base component [e.g., precious metal, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12875—Platinum group metal-base component
Definitions
- This invention relates to electron discharge devices and particularly to cathodes therefor.
- the function of the cathode is to emit electrons and the greater 5 the emission, the more desirable such a cathode becomes.
- both the cold and thermionic cathodes have their electron emitting surfaces so treated that a low work function is imparted thereto.
- Such coatings in general comprise a mixture of the oxides of alkaline earth metals or alkali metals or certain of the rare earth metals.
- My invention involves this latter procedure.
- the noble metals such as palladium, platinum, ruthenium or rho-' dium, have the property of absorbing hydrogen.
- a cathode surface of any nature whatsoever with a coating of one or more of the above noble metals I am enabled to obtain an active cathode surface which is more eflicient and more tenacious than ordinary coatings. active layer of such noble metal is exposed to hydrogen with a resultant absorption of some of the gas. Thereafter the vapor of an alkali metal is allowed to react on this surface.
- alkaline metals form a very efiicient electron emit-tingcathode sur- I face. They labor, however, under the dis-' advantage of being very easily driven off by the heat.
- the alkaline vapm penetrating into the pores of th noble A cathode surface having an metal is fixed therein, probably in the form of a hydride.
- a cathode surface thus formed has been found to be very useful and eflicient, both as a cold or thermionic cathode.
- Figure 1 is a sectional view of a photo-electric cell having my improved cathode.
- Figure 2 is a section of a vacuum tube provided with a similar cathode.
- 1 is a glass tube Within which is disposed a copper member 2. Upon this copper member is deposited or plated, platinum, palladium, ruthenium or rhodium. Of these metals, I prefer palladium since it absorbs hydrogen with the greatest ease.
- a ring anode 3 within the tube is supported by lead wire 4 in a press 5.
- the tube has a base 10 having prongs 12 for connection to an ordinary vacuum tube type socket. Lead wire 4 is connected to one of the prongs. Sealed in press 5 is a wire 14 supporting a metal capsule 15. Within this capsule are chemicals which upon suitable heating, evolve caesium, rubidium or any other of the alkali metals.
- a mixture of two or more of the alkaline metals or with any other metal may be used.
- the chemical for the release of such metals consists of the chloride of the alkali metal mixed metallic calcium.
- Wire 19 supporting cathode 2 serves as a lead to one of the prongs in base 10.
- the tube is thoroughly exhausted and freed of occluded gases in accordance with customary practice. Thereafter a quantity of pure hydrogen is admitted so that there is a pres- ,sure of about .1 mm. A glow discharge betemperature is raised so that the chemicals therein .become heated. Chemical interaction results in the evolution of caesium or oth er alkali metal or mixture of metals which may be used. This metal settles upon the surface of the palladium to form an active layer thereon. The. tube may now be seal-e71 and be ready for use if desired.
- a discharge is then initiated between the electrodes in the helium.
- the bombardment of the helium ions formed by the discharge removes any excess alkali metal from the surface of the palladium plated copper member 2 and leaves a very thin active layer of alkali metal.
- the cell may be exhausted after the discharge has run for a short time and the tube sealedofi'.
- an anode 20 is shown supported on wires 21 and 22, the latter being extended through-press 5 to a suitable base for outside connection.
- a grid 23 disposed within the anode, is supported by two wires 24 and 25 in a similar manner.
- a cathode 28 Within these two electrodes is supported a cathode 28 by wires 29 and 30.
- This cathode consists of a central core upon which is supported the layer of noble metal 31. This central core may be either of -metal, if the cathode is to be directly energized, or may consist of the well knownheater type of cathode.
- the electron emitting surface comprises a layer of one or more of the noble metals on a suit-able metal base if desired and having absorbed a certain quantity of h drogen in combination with one or more 0 the alkali metals.
- the preparation of the cathode for this tube is exactly the same as for the photoelectric cell above. Either one or both of the tubes may be exhausted to a high vacuum or, if desired, may have a gas at any desired pressure.
- a cathode comprising a layer ofmetal having hydrogen absorbed therein and a layer of alkali metal thereon.
- a cathode comprising a layer of palladium having hydrogen in solution therein and a layer of alkali metal formed thereon.
- a cathode comprising a layer of palladium having hydrogen in solution therein and a layer of caesium thereon.
- An electron discharge device comprising an anode ,andiQthode, said. cathode com-'' prising a ineltal meiiiber. havin its surface coveredwitl ij a layer of palla ium. .,ha'ving hydrogen absorbed therein and a liiyer of caesium formed thereon.
- the method of making a discharge device which consists in initiating a discharge in a hydrogen atmosphere between an anode and a cathode, said cathode having a palladium surface whereby hydrogen is absorbed by said palladium, exhausting said device to a high vacuum and thereupon condensing a film of alkali metal thereon.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Lasers (AREA)
Description
May 13, 1930. L. K. MARSHALL 1,758,710
ELECTRON DISCHARGE DEVICE Filed Jan. 51, 1929 Patented -May 1-3, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT; OFFICE LAURENCE K. MARSHALL, OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO OLD COLONY TRUST COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF MASSACHU- SETTS ELECTRON-DISCHARGE DEVICE v Application filed. January 31, 1929. Serial No. 336,463.
This invention relates to electron discharge devices and particularly to cathodes therefor. In such devices, the function of the cathode is to emit electrons and the greater 5 the emission, the more desirable such a cathode becomes. As a rule, both the cold and thermionic cathodes have their electron emitting surfaces so treated that a low work function is imparted thereto. Such coatings in general comprise a mixture of the oxides of alkaline earth metals or alkali metals or certain of the rare earth metals.
In order to obtain increased electron emission from the cathode, at least one of two things must be done. If the cathode is to remain the same, it is necessary to increase the temperature of the thermionic cathode to obtain increased emission. This reacts deleteriously on the life of the cathode. Another way which is applicable to both the cold and thermionic cathodes is to .reduce the work functioii at that surface.
- It is also possible to combine these two methods into a third one in which both the Work function is lower and in which the afiinity of the coating for the cathode surface is such that a higher than'ordinary operating temperature Wlll in general be harmless to the coating.
My invention involves this latter procedure. In general'my invention is based upon the fact that certain. of the noble metals such as palladium, platinum, ruthenium or rho-' dium, have the property of absorbing hydrogen. By providing a cathode surface of any nature whatsoever with a coating of one or more of the above noble metals, I am enabled to obtain an active cathode surface which is more eflicient and more tenacious than ordinary coatings. active layer of such noble metal is exposed to hydrogen with a resultant absorption of some of the gas. Thereafter the vapor of an alkali metal is allowed to react on this surface.
As'is well known, alkaline metals form a very efiicient electron emit-tingcathode sur- I face. They labor, however, under the dis-' advantage of being very easily driven off by the heat. By my invention, the alkaline vapm penetrating into the pores of th noble A cathode surface having an metal is fixed therein, probably in the form of a hydride.
A cathode surface thus formed has been found to be very useful and eflicient, both as a cold or thermionic cathode.
Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a sectional view of a photo-electric cell having my improved cathode.
, Figure 2 is a section of a vacuum tube provided with a similar cathode.
Referring to Figure 1, 1 is a glass tube Within which is disposed a copper member 2. Upon this copper member is deposited or plated, platinum, palladium, ruthenium or rhodium. Of these metals, I prefer palladium since it absorbs hydrogen with the greatest ease. A ring anode 3 within the tube is supported by lead wire 4 in a press 5. The tube has a base 10 having prongs 12 for connection to an ordinary vacuum tube type socket. Lead wire 4 is connected to one of the prongs. Sealed in press 5 is a wire 14 supporting a metal capsule 15. Within this capsule are chemicals which upon suitable heating, evolve caesium, rubidium or any other of the alkali metals. If desired, a mixture of two or more of the alkaline metals or with any other metal may be used. The chemical for the release of such metals, as a rule, consists of the chloride of the alkali metal mixed metallic calcium. Wire 19 supporting cathode 2 serves as a lead to one of the prongs in base 10.
The tube is thoroughly exhausted and freed of occluded gases in accordance with customary practice. Thereafter a quantity of pure hydrogen is admitted so that there is a pres- ,sure of about .1 mm. A glow discharge betemperature is raised so that the chemicals therein .become heated. Chemical interaction results in the evolution of caesium or oth er alkali metal or mixture of metals which may be used. This metal settles upon the surface of the palladium to form an active layer thereon. The. tube may now be seal-e71 and be ready for use if desired.
However, I prefer to admit a small quantity of helium so that the gas is at a pressure of .1 mm. A discharge is then initiated between the electrodes in the helium. The bombardment of the helium ions formed by the discharge removes any excess alkali metal from the surface of the palladium plated copper member 2 and leaves a very thin active layer of alkali metal. The cell may be exhausted after the discharge has run for a short time and the tube sealedofi'.
Such a tube is sensitive to light variations and makes a very desirable photo-electric cell in every way. I
Referring to Figure 2, an anode 20 is shown supported on wires 21 and 22, the latter being extended through-press 5 to a suitable base for outside connection. A grid 23 disposed within the anode, is supported by two wires 24 and 25 in a similar manner. Within these two electrodes is supported a cathode 28 by wires 29 and 30. This cathode consists of a central core upon which is supported the layer of noble metal 31. This central core may be either of -metal, if the cathode is to be directly energized, or may consist of the well knownheater type of cathode. In either case, the electron emitting surface comprises a layer of one or more of the noble metals on a suit-able metal base if desired and having absorbed a certain quantity of h drogen in combination with one or more 0 the alkali metals. The preparation of the cathode for this tube is exactly the same as for the photoelectric cell above. Either one or both of the tubes may be exhausted to a high vacuum or, if desired, may have a gas at any desired pressure.
I claim: 7
1. In an electron discharge device, a cathode comprising a layer ofmetal having hydrogen absorbed therein and a layer of alkali metal thereon.
2. In an electron discharge device, a cathode comprising a layer of palladium having hydrogen in solution therein and a layer of alkali metal formed thereon.
3. In an electron discharge device, a cathode comprising a layer of palladium having hydrogen in solution therein and a layer of caesium thereon.
4. An electron discharge device comprising an anode ,andiQthode, said. cathode com-'' prising a ineltal meiiiber. havin its surface coveredwitl ij a layer of palla ium. .,ha'ving hydrogen absorbed therein and a liiyer of caesium formed thereon.
5. The method of making an active cathode surface for an electron discharge device, which consists in haying a palladium surface as one electrode of a discharge in a hydrogen atmosphere whereby hydrogen is absorbed by said palladium and thereupon condensing a layer of caesium thereon.
6. The method of making a discharge device, which consists in initiating a discharge in a hydrogen atmosphere between an anode and a cathode, said cathode having a palladium surface whereby hydrogen is absorbed by said palladium, exhausting said device to a high vacuum and thereupon condensing a film of alkali metal thereon.
7. The method of making an electron discharge device which consists in initiating a discharge in a hydrogen atmosphere between an anode and a cathode, said cathode having a palladium surface whereby hydrogen is absorbed by said palladium, exhausting said device to a high vacuum and condensing a film of caesium thereon.
8. The method of making an electron dis charge device which consists in initiating a discharge in a hydrogen atmosphere between an anode and cathode, said cathode having a palladium surface whereby hydrogen is absorbed byv said palladium, exhausting said device to a high vacuum, condensing a layer of alkali metal thereon, then introducing a rare gas in said device, initiating an electrical discharge between said electrodes in said rare gas and then exhausting to a high vacuum.
9. The method of making an electron discharge device which consists in initiating a discharge in a hydrogen atmosphere between an anode and a cathode, said cathode having a palladium surface whereby hydrogen is absorbed by said palladium, exhausting said device to a high vacuum, condensing a layer of caesium thereon, introducing a rare gas,
initiating an electrical discharge between said electrodes in said gas and then exhausting to a high vacuum.
10. The method of making an electron discharge device which consists in initiating a discharge in a hydrogen atmosphere between an anode and a cathode, said cathode hav-- ing a palladium surface whereby hydrogen is absorbed by said palladium, exhausting said device to a high vacuum, condensing a layer of caesium thereon, introducing helium in said device, initiating an electrical discharge between said electrodes in said helium atmosphere, and then exhausting to a high vacuum.
In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to thisspecification.
- LAURENCE K. MARSHALL.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US336463A US1758710A (en) | 1929-01-31 | 1929-01-31 | Electron-discharge device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US336463A US1758710A (en) | 1929-01-31 | 1929-01-31 | Electron-discharge device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US1758710A true US1758710A (en) | 1930-05-13 |
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ID=23316197
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US336463A Expired - Lifetime US1758710A (en) | 1929-01-31 | 1929-01-31 | Electron-discharge device |
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2921217A (en) * | 1958-05-16 | 1960-01-12 | Talbot A Chubb | Copper-amine-complex photon counter |
US2921216A (en) * | 1958-05-16 | 1960-01-12 | Talbot A Chubb | Copper-amine-complex gas photocell |
-
1929
- 1929-01-31 US US336463A patent/US1758710A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2921217A (en) * | 1958-05-16 | 1960-01-12 | Talbot A Chubb | Copper-amine-complex photon counter |
US2921216A (en) * | 1958-05-16 | 1960-01-12 | Talbot A Chubb | Copper-amine-complex gas photocell |
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