US1757166A - Apparatus for and method of obtaining power from ocean waves - Google Patents

Apparatus for and method of obtaining power from ocean waves Download PDF

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Publication number
US1757166A
US1757166A US75283A US7528325A US1757166A US 1757166 A US1757166 A US 1757166A US 75283 A US75283 A US 75283A US 7528325 A US7528325 A US 7528325A US 1757166 A US1757166 A US 1757166A
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Prior art keywords
waves
floats
framework
float
water
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Edward J Brady
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Priority to GB8669/30A priority patent/GB346947A/en
Priority to FR693653D priority patent/FR693653A/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/187—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem and the wom directly actuates the piston of a pump
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the -principal object of the invention is to provide an improved apparatus for converting the energy of deep sea or ocean waves into a usable formof energy, the said apparatus conforming tothe foregoing principles and making use of a large number of floating cells or pontoons which support the appara- .a system of piping on the apparatus.
  • high pressure water may be used to operate atus and which rise and fall on the waves relative to the apparatus as a whole and thereby pump water under liigh pressure into The this power for the fixation of ,atmospheric nitrogen, for ther manufacture of fertilizer and other nitrogenous compounds from the air and for other v chemical 'manufacturing purposes.
  • I may provide floating chemical manufacturing plants having abundant and cheap power for the production of valuable'products and i to the waves and to move from one location to sa u ⁇ water at certain places.
  • the present method compounds yfrom the .elements obtainable in abundance from the sea and air or which may be taken to the apparatus from the shore.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide means whereby the apparatus as an entirety may be capable of self-propulsion, so as to maintain itself in the proper-relation another' if desired.
  • Another object of my invention is to prof vide a structure that will gradually absorb the energy of the waves and act asa breakof protecting harbor and parts of the shore by building great walls of masonry is unscientific because these walls do not absorb the energy of the waves they.- merely reflect it back upon itself. v This may cause a worse condition in so far as shipping is concerned. Furthermore, such reflection requires a sea wall of great strength.
  • a structure built along the lines of my invention would be an absorber of this energy and it would not be reflected back vbut would ⁇ be absorbed and converted into useful effect. In such service the invention would have to be anchored in a certainposition; but it would be found that the amount of force necessary to hold it in position would be very small compared with the following specificationand claims.
  • Fig. l is a diagrammatic plan view of an apparatus embodying my invention, many of the details/of ⁇ construction being omitted for the sake of simplicity.
  • Fig. 2 is a side view.
  • Fig. 3 is an end view. I y
  • Fig. 4 isl afi'agmentary :plan view on an enlarged scale showingv some of the features of construction in .greaterv detail. In this View, however, the central power plant 1s not "shown in detail inasmuch as it is so shown in another figure.
  • Fig. 5 is a fragmentary side view on the samescale as Fig. 4.
  • F 1g.76 is an end view on the same scale as Fig.
  • Y Fig. 7 is a fragmentary view'on a still larger scale showing the vconstruction of one of the float units.v
  • Fig. .8 is a side view of the parts shown in Fig. 7. Y
  • Fig. 9 is a fragmentary sectional detail view on va still larger fiscale, this View being taken along the line 9,-9 of Fig.7.
  • Fig. 10 is a fragmentarysectional detail view, thisview being ltaken along the line lO-.lO of Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 1l is a diagrammatic plan View on an enlargedscale showing the power plant.
  • V'Ihe apparatus as a whole, comprises an open framework of structural steel or other suitable material, this framework being ⁇ strongly constructed tofresist fiexure and being long enough to extend over at least two, and preferably more than two, waves of normal or average length. In practice the total length maybe from 800 to 1000 feet.
  • theframe structure comprises' aplurality of parallel trusses l, l which ex-f ⁇ tend through the entire length. These trusses are spaced at uniform distances apart, and.-
  • I provide a series of longitudinal tension cablesor rods 4, 4, supported on struts 5,5k at the top of the structure; and I may also provide if necessary a series oftension rods 6,6vr supported on struts 7,"u
  • each trussy 1 is provided with upper and lower longitudinal members 9 and 10 between-which extend a series ofuniformly spaced vertical members 11, 11.v Diagonal brace4 members 12, 12 ⁇ entend across the rectangles formed by the said members 9, 10 and 11 to brace and reinforce the structure.
  • the beforementioned transverse .members 2, 2 are preferably located somewhat below the longitudinal members 9, 9. Each of these members 2, 2 preferably comprises two parts 2a and 2b which are located on opposite sides respectively of the corresponding vertical ymembers 11, 11. brace members 14, 14 serve to connect ⁇ the members 2a and 2h with the respective members 9 and 11.
  • the beforementioned transverse members 3, 3 are preferably located adjacent to the bottoms of the members-11, 11 and are directly connected either with the said members 11 orwith the longitudinal members 10, 10.
  • a deck 15 is provided,.this resting directly on the longitudinal truss members 9, 9. rThis deck may eXtend over the entire structure or it may be providedonly where needed for actualprotection or use. Tf
  • Vdesired a lower floor or deck la' may also be provided. If the power developed is transmitted to the shore as hereinafter described, and no manufacturing is carried on upon the apparatus, both of these decks may be dispensed with.
  • the longitudinal spacing of the vertical members 11, 11 is preferably approximately the same as the transverse spacing ⁇ of the trusses 1, 1. In practice this spacingmay be from 12 to 15 feet or more depending upon the height and length of thewaves.
  • a float 16 as shown more in detail in Figs. 7 and 8.
  • Each float 16 is substantially cylindrical and is arranged with its axis horizontal and extending transversely of the apparatus.
  • Each float is preferably formed ofsheet metal, andv it may be provided with circumferential corrugations for the sake of added strength.
  • Each float is provided at each end with a suit-v able guide device, such as a roller 17, adapted to travel along a vertical yOuideway carried by the adjacent vertical member 11.
  • a suit-v able guide device such as a roller 17, adapted to travel along a vertical yOuideway carried by the adjacent vertical member 11.
  • the members 11 carry ver ical channel bars 18, 18 which are of such size as to receive the correspondingl Preferably diagonal .18a to engage the rollers 17, 17 and limit 'their relative downward movement.
  • each float 16 is a pump 20.
  • this pump is carried bythe corresponding two transverse members V2a and 2".
  • p l The pump 20 is preferably vertical and comprises a cylinder 21 which is open at the bottom and adapted to float ina horizontal positionv as it rises and falls.
  • the cylinder 21 is provided with a normally closed inlet valve 26 ⁇ and a normally closed outlet valve 27.
  • the cylinders and pistons are relatively small and, therefore, the pumps operate athigh pressures.V I contemplate the use of pressures ranging from 500 to 1000 pounds.
  • a power plant station 28 located on the framework, vpreferably near the center thereof, is a power plant station 28.
  • the door 29 of thsstation is locatedbelow the ⁇ level of the deck 15. Two or more of the floats with their accessories may be omittedto provide room for the power plantv station.
  • a system of high Apressure pipes 30, 30 extends over the entire apparatus, and the various pipes of this system are connected respectively tothe discharge valves 27, 27 Aof the several pumps 20, 20.
  • the high pressure pipes 30, 30 communicate with a high pressure main 31 which in turn communicates through avalve 32 with a suitable fluidmotor 33.
  • the fluid used may be air or sea water, or ity may be a separate body of water or water solution. If water, ora water solution, isv supplied tothe several pumps the motor may be a hydraulic turbine. This turbine may be of the impulse type or of anyother suitable type, and as the turbine itself does not constitute any part of my presentVV invention,
  • the hydraulic turbine33 may be used to drive any desired apparatus requiring ⁇ mechanical power, Vand as shown itis used to drive an electric generator 34.
  • a high pressure receiver 35 may be connected with the high pressure main 31, and
  • av pump 38 for withdrawing the ⁇ liquid from the receiver 36 and delivering it to the pipes 37, 37 at alow pressure. In this way the pressure inthe pipes is maintained ⁇ at all times above atmospheric pressure, andvthere is no possibility of air entering the pipes in case there should be leaks at any points.
  • a system of pipes 43 which extend over the entire apparatus, and which are adapted to Vreceive air under pressure from a suitable pump or compressor 43a located in the power station.
  • This pump or compressor may be driven intermittently and when necessary, or continuously, by means of a motor 44.
  • suitable Y sections45 of flexible hose extend to theV reof the buoyancy of the floats in the manner w described serves another important purpose.
  • myinvention In certain cases it may be found desirable to use myinvention to transmit high pressure water to the' shore for elevated storage, for the generation Vof power, or for use in hydraulic mining. In such cases the apparatus would have no machinery onA board, except the pumping cylinders and the high pressure receiver..
  • water By means of the ⁇ aforementioned openings 42 in the bottoms of the floats, and the system ofY piping described, water could be permitted to flow into all of the floats, thus making the apparatus submersible. This would be resorted to 'only at times of extreme emergency, as it is well known that the movement of the waterin wave motion falls off very rapidly withV the .depth below the surface. Suitable provision could be made for subsequently supplying air to the floats 'to force out the water and againfbring the rapparatus to the surface of the water.
  • each propeller unit comprises a water tight casing or chamber 46,
  • a propeller shaft 47 projects rearward from the casing and carries a propeller 48.
  • Located within the casing 46 is an electric motor 49 which is operativelyconnected with the propeller shaft, as for instance by meansV of a drive chain 50. It will be seen that when the two propellers 48, 48- are in operation the apparatus will be pro- Y pelled through the water. Steering may be effected by momentarilystopping one or the other of the propellers as required.
  • a manufacturing Vstation or plant Suitably located on the framework there is preferably provided a manufacturing Vstation or plant indicated diagrammatically at 51 in Fig. l.
  • One or more of the floats with associated parts may be removed to provderoom for the manufacturing plant.
  • the manufacturing plantV can be used for any desired or suitable line of manufacture, such as the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen for fertilizer,
  • Fig.'18,-A and E can b e considered as being any two floats in a series spaced apart by the distance a or one-half a wave length.
  • the float A is beingl shown as being ⁇ at the trough between two waves.
  • the float A, vbeing inthe trough, is submerged only to the depth required to carry its own weight, and it does not assist in carrying the weight of the framework and other parts.
  • the float E is submerged to anincreased depth as represented by the yline d, this increased submergence being necessary inorder that the float E may carry an increased Vproportion of the lweight of ⁇ the framework and otherl parts which becomes necessary because of the fact that other floats, such as A, are not Vcarrying their proportionate shares of the weight. Unless the height of the waves is greaterthanthe vertical distance@ between-the lines b and d the floats will have no vertical motion and no'pump- Ving will take place.
  • Fig. 16 shows a series of floats A to I in the approximate positions which they may assume when acted uponby a wave.
  • the float A is at nthe trough between twowaves and is submerged only sufficiently to support its own weight.
  • the float vB has a greater 'submergence than vthe float A, but itis not quite submerged to the line c, and it therefore isnot sufficiently submerged to be forced upwardl against the resistance oered by the ,liquid in the corresponding pump.
  • the float C has been submerged somewhat beyond the 1 line c and has, therefore', started to move upward thus forcing the corresponding piston into the pump cylinder, and forcing the liquid from the pump into the high pressure piping system.
  • the float D has moved further upward and has done considerable work in forcing water into the high pressure pipes.
  • the float E has reached the upper limit of its stroke, and has completed its work of forcing liquid into the high pressure system.
  • the float F has less submergence than the float E but it has not moved downward for the reason that it is 'still submerged beyond the line Z). VIt will be obvious that the float F can move downward only when it has approximately the amount of submergence that is required to carry its own weight, particularly if the pressure maintained in the supply pipes 37, 37 is approximately sufficient to open the valves 26.
  • the float G has a sub.-
  • each float has a stroke i f which is determined in part by the height Y
  • the iioat yI-I has moved down a still greater distance
  • each sucL cessive float has a shorter range of motion than ythe preceding float.' ⁇ In actual operation, each successive float will have a shorter stroke, but for convenience and simplicity of Y floats with the same possible range of motion even ⁇ though the floats toward the rear of theapparatus do not move throughthe entire range., f l Y.
  • the shapes', sizes andarelative positions of The floats are cylindrical with their aXes horizontal and eX- tending transversely of the-direction of move ment of the waves.
  • Each float has a -di-,l ameter approximately equal to the diameter of the circle described by a particle of water near the surface. ⁇ Each float is thus adapted to absorb the-maximum ⁇ amount of energy from the water, and to produce a minimum of agitation and turbulence in the water.
  • valves 32 and 41 must be regulated to give the required operating pressure for the turbine, and at the same time to avoid an excessive pressure against which the pumps Vcannot act. It will be thus seen that the action of the floats and-pumps is to continually lift the superimposed structure out of the water and support it upon the highpres'sure water of the cylinders. L Releasing this high pressure water into the turbine permits the apparatus to descend. These twoacti'ons are'in equilibrium when the apparatus is working normally. Y
  • the apparatus is ,readilyv adapted for convenient maintenance and repair.
  • Each float, t0- gether with the parts associated therewith, can be readily removed and lifted to the deck for inspection or repair.
  • the deck may be constructed with removable sections, and the severall pipes may be pr-o- Y vided with valves (not shown) whereby each pump can be separately shut off from the main system.
  • the apparatus may be floating and permanently anchored, or it maybe supported on a fixed structure extending outward from the shore or upward from the bottom.
  • 'andfunbuoyant framework having a length the said series; comprising a plurality of parallellongitudinal rows and each float in the series ⁇ being independently movable by the waves vertically with respect to the framework, and power mechanism on the frame'- work connected tobe operated by the relative vertical. movements of the several floats.
  • an apparatus for obtaining power from waves the combination of a main, rigid, open and unbuoyantframework, bodily movby the relative vertical movements'of the :Fenice able so that it can be made to extend longitudinally inthe direction of travel of the waves, a. series of floats each vertically movable by the waves independently with respect to the framework and each substantially cylindrical in shape and arranged with its aXis horizontal and approximately perpendicular to the direction of travel ofthe waves, the said floats serving as the sole means of support for said framework, and power mechanism on the framework connected to be operated by the relative vertical movements of the several floats.
  • a'main, rigid, open and unbuoyant framework having a length equal to or exceeding two wave lengths, a series of floats substantially uniformly distributed along the framework, the said'floats being each verticallyvmovable by the waves independently with respect to the framework and each substantially cylindrical in shape and arranged with its axis horizontal and approximately perpendicular to -the direction of travel of the waves, andthe said floats serving as the sole means of support for the framework, and power mechanism on the framework connected to be operated by the relative vertical movements of the several 1 floats.
  • apparatus for obtaining power from waves the combination of a rio'id o Aen and unbuoyant framework, a plurality of buoyant floats movable by the waves inde- ⁇ .1 pendentljyY of cach other, the said floats acting as a sole means of support for said'framework, a closed system of piping on the framework containing a substantially incompressible fluid circulated by the relative movements of the several floats.
  • an apparatus for obtaining V'powerfrozn waves the combination of a rigid open and unbuoyant framework, a plurality of buoyant floats movable'by the waves independently of each other, the said floats acting as a sole means of support for said frame- Vand completely unbuoyantframework, having a' length equal to or exceeding two wave lengths, a series of floats Vsubstantially uniformly distributed along the framework and serving as the sole means of support therefor, said floats being movable lvertically with respect to said framework and independently of each other, each float being substantially cylindrical in form and arranged with its axis horizontal and substantially perpendicular to the direction of travel ofthe waves, a circuitous system of piping on said frameworkcontaining a substantially incompressi- ⁇ ble fluid, means operable by said floats for producing a flow of the fluid in the circuit, means for restricting the flow of .fluid in the circuit,.and means for recovering the energy stored inthe ycirculating fluid by the
  • a method of obtaining power from ocean waves which consists of subjecting each oncoming wave form to a succession of dampening operations at spaced intervals along the wave form, the sum of the intervals comprising a full wave length or more, and extracting a portion of the waves energy at each interval, ⁇ and thereby successively reduclll() isa ing the height of the wave proportionately as energy is extracted.
  • an unbuoyant weight solely and transiently supported at spaced intervals along thewave form by buoyant members vertically movable withv respect tothe weight, such buoyant members reacting transiently on the weight through the interposition kof a fluid conned inA a Yclosed circulating system on the weight.V I
  • an unbuoyant weight solely and transiently supported at spaced intervals along the wave form by buoyant members vertically movable with respectV to the weight, such buoyant members reacting transiently on the weightthrough the interposition of a fluid conined in a closed circulating system on the weight, and power mechanism on theY weight connectedin the said closed system and adapted to be operated by the pressure of the fluid in the system.
  • a rigid, open and unbuoyant framework solely supported by the transient and periodic reactions of a plurality of buoyant members movable with respect to the framework against a fluid interposed between the framework and the buoyant members and connediin a closed 'circulating system, said transient reactions occurringon the rising side of the wave form only and constituting the sole support of the framework.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
US75283A 1925-12-14 1925-12-14 Apparatus for and method of obtaining power from ocean waves Expired - Lifetime US1757166A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US75283A US1757166A (en) 1925-12-14 1925-12-14 Apparatus for and method of obtaining power from ocean waves
GB8669/30A GB346947A (en) 1925-12-14 1930-03-18 Method of, and apparatus for, obtaining power from ocean waves
FR693653D FR693653A (fr) 1925-12-14 1930-04-10 Procédé et appareil pour l'utilisation de l'énergie des vagues de la houle

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US75283A US1757166A (en) 1925-12-14 1925-12-14 Apparatus for and method of obtaining power from ocean waves

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2613868A (en) * 1949-03-07 1952-10-14 Harry M Smurr Wave motor assembly
WO1979000349A1 (fr) 1977-12-06 1979-06-28 E Schremp Procede pour extraire l'energie de surface des vagues
US4781023A (en) * 1987-11-30 1988-11-01 Sea Energy Corporation Wave driven power generation system
WO2001096737A1 (fr) * 2000-06-14 2001-12-20 Applied Research & Technology Limited Collecteur d'energie houlomotrice
WO2007042793A1 (fr) * 2005-10-10 2007-04-19 Trident Energy Ltd Structure de soutien pour centrales houlomotrices
US20110158827A1 (en) * 2009-12-24 2011-06-30 Roland Lawes Wave Driven Air Compressor
US9435317B2 (en) 2010-06-23 2016-09-06 Wave Energy Conversion Corporation of America System and method for renewable electrical power production using wave energy

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PT106455A (pt) * 2012-07-23 2014-01-23 Virgilio Jesus Cardoso Quebra-mar com aproveitamento da energia das ondas

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2613868A (en) * 1949-03-07 1952-10-14 Harry M Smurr Wave motor assembly
WO1979000349A1 (fr) 1977-12-06 1979-06-28 E Schremp Procede pour extraire l'energie de surface des vagues
US4781023A (en) * 1987-11-30 1988-11-01 Sea Energy Corporation Wave driven power generation system
WO2001096737A1 (fr) * 2000-06-14 2001-12-20 Applied Research & Technology Limited Collecteur d'energie houlomotrice
WO2007042793A1 (fr) * 2005-10-10 2007-04-19 Trident Energy Ltd Structure de soutien pour centrales houlomotrices
US20090196693A1 (en) * 2005-10-10 2009-08-06 Trident Energy Limited Support Structure for Sea Wave Energy Farms
US7918625B2 (en) 2005-10-10 2011-04-05 Trident Energy Ltd. Support structure for sea wave energy farms
US20110158827A1 (en) * 2009-12-24 2011-06-30 Roland Lawes Wave Driven Air Compressor
US8147212B2 (en) 2009-12-24 2012-04-03 Roland Lawes Wave driven air compressor
US9435317B2 (en) 2010-06-23 2016-09-06 Wave Energy Conversion Corporation of America System and method for renewable electrical power production using wave energy

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Publication number Publication date
FR693653A (fr) 1930-11-24
GB346947A (en) 1931-04-23

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