US1756446A - Gas turbine - Google Patents

Description

April 29, 1930. s. ABRAHAMS 1,756,446

GAS TURBINE Filed Sept. 10. 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet 1' avwemtoz Simon (L510. hamJ April 29, 1930.

S. ABRAHAMS GAS TURBINE Filed Sept. 10, 1,928 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I avwewioz Jill-Mn (Mia/2a 014 $51 1 Show ?atentecl Apr. 29, 1930 PATENT OFFICE SIMON ABRAHAMS, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

GAS TURBINE Application filed September 10,1928. Serial No. 304,870.

This invention relates to improvements in combustion turbines wherein a highly combustible gaseous fluid is admitted into a compression chamber, compressed, and then ignited; the rapid expansion resultant from ignition being employed to rotate a turbine wheel from which motive power is derived.

The object of this invention isto provide an eflicient means for deriving turbine action for motive power through the rapid expansion of a highly combustible compressed gas. A further object is to provide simple regulating and controlling'mechanism for the admission, compression, and ignition of'the gas, and the expulsion of the products of combust1on.

These objects, as well as othershereinafter outlined and claimed, are attained by the mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which I Figure 1 is a vertical section-through the apparatus taken on line 11 of Figure 3, and shows the position of the parts just as the gas is beginning to enter the compression chamber.

Figure 2 is a sectional plan on the line 22 of Figure 1, and shows the propulsion ports and the vanes of the turbine.

Figure 3 is an end elevation looking in the direction of the arrow X (Figure 1) and Figure 4 is'a detail section on line 44 of Figure 3.

' Referring in detail to the parts, 1 designates a frame or base formed with a projecting sleeve or cylindrical member 2, and with supporting members 3. Within the cylindrical projecting sleeve 2 is a stem or spindle 4 formed with a hollow core 5 and turbine 6;

the whole comprising a turbine unit mounted for rotation within the bearings 7 A casing 8 is mounted overthe turbine unit and secured to the aforesaid frame or base 1, and this casing receives, through its upper end, the cylinder 9 which is suitably attached to said casing 8. The said cylinder forms the compression chamber into which gas is admitted through the ports 10 which are aligned with corresponding ports 11 in the sleeve 13. Gas is fed to the said ports 10 by the intake 12 which extends around the cylinder 9. In the lower end of the compression chamber, arranged. peripherally around the same, are the ports 14 which direct the'exploded gas against the vanes 15 of the turbine 6 from whence the spent gas flows through the exhaust chamber 16 and out through the exhaust 17.

Suitably mounted at the bottom of the compression chamber is a spark plug 18, one side of which is grounded in the casing, and the other side is connected by means of the connecting rod 19 and the conductor 20, to asuitable electrical source. Rod 19 passes through the hollow core of the turbine unit and is insulated from the frame by means of the washers 21 and 22, and bushing 23, which secure the end of said rod to the mounting 24 on the supporting arm 25 extending from the frame 1.

The turbine member, as hereinbefore stated,

is provided with a hollow core 5 which connects with the inlets 27 in the member 24 at one end, and with the enlarged cooling chamber 28. Centrifugal action will draw the air into the said chamber during the rotation of the turbine. From the said chamber 28 the air is driven through the ports 29 into the air cooling chamber 30.

Attached to the lower end of the turbine member is a gear 31 which meshes with and drives a gear 32 secured upon ashaft 33. The said shaft is mounted in the bearing block 34 and rotates. a gear 35. Gear 35 meshes with gear 36 mounted upon a shaft 37 and turns gear 38 (Figure 3). Said gear 38 meshes with gear 39 mounted upon a crank shaft 40 which in turn is mounted in the bearing block 41.

Said crank shaft is formed with a crank 42 and a cam 43. The crank arm 42, by means of a link 44, connects with a rocker arm 45 which is linked to a piston 46 operating within the said compression chamber. The cam 43 contacts with a roller 47 upon the lower end of the sleeve rocker arm 48, and engages the said roller at the proper time to operate the sleeve 13 which functions to close and open the ports 14.

The sleeve 13 is normally held in-its lower position by the action of a spring 49 and is lifted to open the exhaust ports by the explosive action of the gas, and by the rocker arm 48 and coacting cam 43 which functions immediately after the explosion. Suitable means, not shown, may be embodied to limit the upward movement of the valve sleeve.

In the operation of the device, when the piston 46 is in its raised position, the valve sleeve 13 is down and the inlet valve openings 11 in said sleeve are aligned with the gas inlet ports 10 and the combustible gas is drawn or injected into the chamber. The piston then begins to move down compress, ing the gas, and at the proper time, the compressed gas is ignited or exploded and the sleeve is forced up against the pressure of the spring in'which position it is held during the time the cam 43 engages saidroller 47. The exploded gas is expelled through the ports 14 against the vanes 15 to rotate the turbine unit, and the exhaust gas passes out through the exhaust chamber 16 and exhaust pipe 17.

After the expulsion of the gas, the cam 43 passing by the roller, allows the valve sleeve 13 to resume its normal lower position to close exhaust ports 14. When the piston again rises to its uppermost position, the ports 11 and 10 are opened to allow an additional charge of gas to enter the chamber.

Theparticular arrangement of the link connection 44 of the rocker arm 45 with .the crank 42 permits a slight stoppage of movement in the piston during the expansion of the gas to prevent any loss of compression.

Air is admitted through the hollow core 5- of said turbine unit through the centrifugal "action of the turbine which sets a circulation of cooling air aroundthe heated parts of the device. An additional cooling chamber 50 may be rovided having outlets shown by the dotted ines 51.

Various modifications including a multipllcity of concentric turbine wheels having successively arranged series of blades, may be employed in this device without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is therefore not intended-to limit same to the particular construction and arrangement of parts shown.

What is claimed is:

A gas turbine, comprising a gas compresslon chamber mounted upon a frame, a piston, a turbine arranged to rotate around said gas chamber, ports formedin said gas chamber and adapted to direct exploded gas against the blades of said turbine, a hollow stem and depending shaft formed integrallv wlth said turbine and extending below said gas chamber, and air intake at the lower end of said hollow shaft andair ports formed at the upper part of said shaft to provide air circulatlon for cooling purposes,-gas intake and exhaust ports in said gas chamber,

a sleeve valve ada ted to open and close said ports, a cranksha earned in suitable bearings upon said frame, a gear upon said crankshaft, a gear upon said hollow shaft, connecting gears and shafts between aforesaid gears and adapted, by the rotation of said turbine to turn said crankshaft, a rocker arm pivotally mounted on said frame and linked to said piston at one end and connected at its other end, by means of a link, to the crank of the said crankshaft; the said link connection functioning to practically stop the piston movement during the explosion and expulsion of the comgressed gas, a rocker arm pivotally and slidab y connected at one end to said valve sleeve and having upon its other end a roller adapted to engage the said crankshaft, a cam member upon said crankshaft adapted to engage said roller to actuate said sleeve, :1. spring interposed between said sleeve and cylinder to move the Valve sleeve to its lowermost position, and a spark plug for igniting the compressed gas.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

SIMON ABRAHAMS.

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