US1754716A - Anticathode for discharge tubes - Google Patents

Anticathode for discharge tubes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US1754716A
US1754716A US93174A US9317426A US1754716A US 1754716 A US1754716 A US 1754716A US 93174 A US93174 A US 93174A US 9317426 A US9317426 A US 9317426A US 1754716 A US1754716 A US 1754716A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
metal
vessel
chrome
iron
anticathode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US93174A
Inventor
Holst Gilles
Jonas Gottfried Bruno
Bouwers Albert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Koninklijke Philips NV
Original Assignee
Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV filed Critical Philips Gloeilampenfabrieken NV
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1754716A publication Critical patent/US1754716A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/02—Vessels; Containers; Shields associated therewith; Vacuum locks
    • H01J5/04—Vessels or containers characterised by the material thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/28—Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J19/00—Details of vacuum tubes of the types covered by group H01J21/00
    • H01J19/28—Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens
    • H01J19/30—Non-electron-emitting electrodes; Screens characterised by the material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/12—Cooling non-rotary anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/32—Seals for leading-in conductors
    • H01J5/40—End-disc seals, e.g. flat header
    • H01J5/42—End-disc seals, e.g. flat header using intermediate part
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J2893/0012—Constructional arrangements
    • H01J2893/0013—Sealed electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0001—Electrodes and electrode systems suitable for discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J2893/0012—Constructional arrangements
    • H01J2893/0019—Chemical composition and manufacture
    • H01J2893/002—Chemical composition and manufacture chemical
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0033—Vacuum connection techniques applicable to discharge tubes and lamps
    • H01J2893/0034—Lamp bases

Definitions

  • This invention relates to -an improvement in or modification ofthatdescribed in specification Nd 639,028 concerning an electrode for discharge tubes which has aglass wall sealed thereto, said electrode having a hollow 'chrome-ironportion to the edge of which the glass is sealed and-which shuts off the interior of the dischargeltubefrom the exterior.
  • the present-invention has'for' its object to specially adapt such an electrode for the use as an anticathode in X-ray tubes. lit has namely been found that the fixation of the metal block destined for the emission of X-rays, to the chrome-ironfportion entails" some difliculties especiallyifthe metal block consists of tungsten which is frequently the case. These metals cannot be sealed together.
  • the bad qconduction of heat of the chrome-iron adjacent to the metal block is a disadvantage whichonlycan be: avoided by rendering the chromeiron wall at this point.
  • these drawbacks are eliminated 'byproviding inside the hollow chrome-iron portion a metal or metal alloy of greatjheat conductivity which bears a metal block serving'to emit Ii-rays.
  • a metalsor metalalloy of great heat conductivity must be used a material which allows of being sealed both to the chrome-iron and to the metal blockis prepared.
  • copper may be mentioned on condition that it be substantially pure.
  • Commercial electrolytic red copper has proved to be very suitable for the purpose of the invention.
  • the metal or metal-alloy of great heat conductivity should be separated wholly or almost wholly from the interior of the discharge tube owing to which the possibility that any ingredients detrimental to the tube and liberated from this material should enter into the tube, is diminished and-the material is prevented from being attacked by the discharge.
  • This can be effected, according to an embodiment of the invention, by embedding the metal block serving for the emission of K-rays, in the metal of great heat conductivity and by enclosing the latter by an anthe accession of air.
  • portion having an inwardvaddition offers the great advantage of allowng by a proper choice of the proportions of chrome and iron (for example 15-50% and 85%")070 respectively) to be very satisfactorily sealed to glass.
  • a cooling device-which reaches outside the tube may be'fixed to the metal'or metal alloy of great heat conductivity.
  • the present invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of the above described anticathodes for X-ray tubes.
  • a metal block destined for the emission of X-rays isarranged in a lit) chrome-iron vessel and then a metal or metal alloy of great heat conductivity is provided ,in the'said vessel whereupon the bottom of the vessel is removed to such an extent that the metal block is laid bare.
  • the process according to the present invention should preferably be carried out in such a manner that the metal or metal alloy of great heat conductivity after being introduced into the chrome-iron vessel, is melted while the airis shut out.
  • This maybe efiected, for example, by placing the. chrome iron vessel during the melting of the metal or metal alloy provided'therein, in a vaccum space.
  • the metal or metal alloy may be heated for example, by placing the vessel in a high frequency magnetic field.
  • FIG. 1 represents an anticathode in which the surface of a metal block serves to emit X- rays in a direction parallel to the longitudinal directionof the chrome-iron vessel and
  • Figure 2 represents an embodiment of the invention in which a metal block serves to emit X-rays in a direction erpendicular to the longitudinal direction 0 the chrome-iron vessel.
  • the numeral 1 indicates a chrome iron vessel to which a glass wall 2 is sealed which forms part of the outer wall of an X-ray tube.
  • a metal block 3 which serves or the emission of X-rays is arranged in a recess of the bottom of the chrome-iron vessel 1.
  • the block 3 may consist, for example, of tungsten. Thereupon some copper or other material of great heat conductivity is introduced into said vessel which then can be placed in a vacuum kettle in which it is heated beyond the melting point of the copper so that the copper forms a good conducting connection with the tungsten block 3.
  • the vessel is slowly cooled; care must be taken that the cooling commences on the lower side of the vessel in order to prevent the production of flaws in the copper.
  • the filling of copper indicated in the figure by 4 can then be turned out and be provided with a screw thread 5.
  • the bottom of the vessel 1 is then removed, for example by grinding or by turning, to such an extent that the tungsten block is laid bare, the vessel obtaining thereby the shape indicated by the dotted line 6 in Figure 1.
  • a cooling tube 7 or a cooling rod may be screwed into the copper 4.
  • the heating of the copper or similar material of great heat conductivity need not always be carried out in a vacuum.
  • substances may be introduced before or during the melting operation into the chrome-iron vessel, which substances form-on the copper a slag which shuts out the air.
  • the heating may be effected in any suitable manner for example with the aid of a gas burner or the like.
  • FIG. 2 The embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2, is substantially similar to that shown in Figure 1.
  • similar members are indicated by the same reference numerals.
  • a chrome-iron block 8 having a sloping upper surface, is arranged in the vessel 1; this block serves as a bottom for the chrome-iron vessel and has a recess in which the tungsten block 3 is arranged.
  • the vessel 1 and the chrome-iron portion being filled with a metal of great eat conductivity, said metal bearing a metal block adapted to emit X-rays, the metal of great heat conductivity being shut oft from the interior of a discharge tube when used I therein partly by said chrome-iron portion and partly by said metal block.
  • An electrode adapted to be used as an anticathode in X-ray tubes said electrode having a hollow chrome-iron portion to the edge of which a glass wall can be sealed, said portion having an inwardly extending flange and being filled with a metal of great heat conductivity, which metal bears a metal block adapted to emit X-rays, said metal of great heat conductivity being shut ofi" from the interior of a discharge tube when used therein partly by said chrome-iron portion and partly by said metal block.
  • a process for the manufacture of an anticathode for X-ray tubes which consists in placing a metal block adapted to emit X- rays in the bottom of a hollow chrome-iron vessel, to the edge of which a glass wall can be sealed, introducing a metal of great heat conductivity into said vessel and removing thereupon part of the bottom of the vessel to such an extent that the metal block is laid bare.

Description

April 15, 1930. cs. HOLST ET AL 1,754,716
ANTICATHODE FOR DISCHARGE TUBES Filed March 8, 1926 I 2 z I 1 Patented Apr. 1 5,. i 1 930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE e LtEs nons'r, Go'rrrnxnn BRUNO JONAS, AND ALBERT BOUWERS, or nmnnovmq,
NETHERLANDS, ASSIGNORS TO N. V. PHILIPS GLOEILAMPENFABRIEKEN, OF EIND- novntr. nn'rnnntnnns ANTICATHODE FOR nrscnnnen TUBES Application filedMar c h' 8, 1926, Serial No. 93,174, and in the Netherlands April 17, 1925.
This invention-relates to -an improvement in or modification ofthatdescribed in specification Nd 639,028 concerning an electrode for discharge tubes which has aglass wall sealed thereto, said electrode having a hollow 'chrome-ironportion to the edge of which the glass is sealed and-which shuts off the interior of the dischargeltubefrom the exterior. The present-invention has'for' its object to specially adapt such an electrode for the use as an anticathode in X-ray tubes. lit has namely been found that the fixation of the metal block destined for the emission of X-rays, to the chrome-ironfportion entails" some difliculties especiallyifthe metal block consists of tungsten which is frequently the case. These metals cannot be sealed together. In addition, the bad qconduction of heat of the chrome-iron adjacent to the metal block is a disadvantage whichonlycan be: avoided by rendering the chromeiron wall at this point.
very thin, "the: mechanical strength" of the anticathodegbemg, however, affected thereby.
According to the invention, these drawbacks are eliminated 'byproviding inside the hollow chrome-iron portion a metal or metal alloy of greatjheat conductivity which bears a metal block serving'to emit Ii-rays. As a metalsor metalalloy of great heat conductivity must be used a material which allows of being sealed both to the chrome-iron and to the metal blockis prepared. As such, for example copper, may be mentioned on condition that it be substantially pure. Commercial electrolytic red copper has proved to be very suitable for the purpose of the invention. The metal or metal-alloy of great heat conductivity should be separated wholly or almost wholly from the interior of the discharge tube owing to which the possibility that any ingredients detrimental to the tube and liberated from this material should enter into the tube, is diminished and-the material is prevented from being attacked by the discharge. This can be effected, according to an embodiment of the invention, by embedding the metal block serving for the emission of K-rays, in the metal of great heat conductivity and by enclosing the latter by an anthe accession of air.
portion having an inwardvaddition, offers the great advantage of allowng by a proper choice of the proportions of chrome and iron (for example 15-50% and 85%")070 respectively) to be very satisfactorily sealed to glass. in order to improve still more the dissipation of heat, a cooling device-which reaches outside the tube, may be'fixed to the metal'or metal alloy of great heat conductivity.
The present invention alsorelates to a process for the manufacture of the above described anticathodes for X-ray tubes. Ac-
cording to this process, a metal block destined for the emission of X-rays isarranged in a lit) chrome-iron vessel and then a metal or metal alloy of great heat conductivity is provided ,in the'said vessel whereupon the bottom of the vessel is removed to such an extent that the metal block is laid bare.
The process according to the present invention should preferably be carried out in such a manner that the metal or metal alloy of great heat conductivity after being introduced into the chrome-iron vessel, is melted while the airis shut out. This maybe efiected, for example, by placing the. chrome iron vessel during the melting of the metal or metal alloy provided'therein, in a vaccum space. In that case the metal or metal alloy may be heated for example, by placing the vessel in a high frequency magnetic field.
The shutting out of the airmay' also be efslag which protects the molten metal against drawing representing two embodiments of the invention. In this drawing Figure 1 represents an anticathode in which the surface of a metal block serves to emit X- rays in a direction parallel to the longitudinal directionof the chrome-iron vessel and Figure 2 represents an embodiment of the invention in which a metal block serves to emit X-rays in a direction erpendicular to the longitudinal direction 0 the chrome-iron vessel.
In Figure 1 the numeral 1 indicates a chrome iron vessel to which a glass wall 2 is sealed which forms part of the outer wall of an X-ray tube. Before the sealing of the vessel 1 to the lass portion 2 a metal block 3 which serves or the emission of X-rays is arranged in a recess of the bottom of the chrome-iron vessel 1. The block 3 may consist, for example, of tungsten. Thereupon some copper or other material of great heat conductivity is introduced into said vessel which then can be placed in a vacuum kettle in which it is heated beyond the melting point of the copper so that the copper forms a good conducting connection with the tungsten block 3. 'Ihereupon the vessel is slowly cooled; care must be taken that the cooling commences on the lower side of the vessel in order to prevent the production of flaws in the copper. The filling of copper indicated in the figure by 4 can then be turned out and be provided with a screw thread 5. The bottom of the vessel 1 is then removed, for example by grinding or by turning, to such an extent that the tungsten block is laid bare, the vessel obtaining thereby the shape indicated by the dotted line 6 in Figure 1. After the chrome-iron vessel has been sealed to the glass wall 2, a cooling tube 7 or a cooling rod may be screwed into the copper 4.
As observed already in the introduction, the heating of the copper or similar material of great heat conductivity need not always be carried out in a vacuum. Also substances may be introduced before or during the melting operation into the chrome-iron vessel, which substances form-on the copper a slag which shuts out the air. In this case the heating may be effected in any suitable manner for example with the aid of a gas burner or the like.
The embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2, is substantially similar to that shown in Figure 1. In the two figures similar members are indicated by the same reference numerals. In this construction a chrome-iron block 8 having a sloping upper surface, is arranged in the vessel 1; this block serves as a bottom for the chrome-iron vessel and has a recess in which the tungsten block 3 is arranged. After the metal of great heat conductivity in the vessel 1 has been melted and cooled, the vessel 1 and the chrome-iron portion being filled with a metal of great eat conductivity, said metal bearing a metal block adapted to emit X-rays, the metal of great heat conductivity being shut oft from the interior of a discharge tube when used I therein partly by said chrome-iron portion and partly by said metal block.
2. An electrode adapted to be used as an anticathode in X-ray tubes, said electrode having a hollow chrome-iron portion to the edge of which a glass wall can be sealed, said portion having an inwardly extending flange and being filled with a metal of great heat conductivity, which metal bears a metal block adapted to emit X-rays, said metal of great heat conductivity being shut ofi" from the interior of a discharge tube when used therein partly by said chrome-iron portion and partly by said metal block.
3. A process for the manufacture of an anticathode for X-ray tubes which consists in placing a metal block adapted to emit X- rays in the bottom of a hollow chrome-iron vessel, to the edge of which a glass wall can be sealed, introducing a metal of great heat conductivity into said vessel and removing thereupon part of the bottom of the vessel to such an extent that the metal block is laid bare.
i. A process for the manufacture of an anticathode for X-ray tubes according to claim 3 in which the bottom of the vessel is removed to such an extent that the metal block is laid bare while the metal of great heat conductivity is shut oil wholly from the interior of a discharge tube when used therein.
5. A process for the manufacture of an anticathode for X-ray tubes according to claim 3, in which the metal of great heat conductivity is melted after being introduced into the chrome-iron vessel while shutting out the air.
In testimony whereof we afiix our signatures, at the city of Eindhoven, this 11th day of February. A. D. 1926.
GILLES HOLST. GOTTFRIED BRUNO JONAS. ALBERT BOUWERS.
(sea!) I CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION. Patent No. 1,754,716. I Granted April 15,1930; to
GILLES HOLST ET AL.
It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Page 1, line 32, 'for the word "prepared" read "preferred"; and that the said Letters Patent should be read with this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Office. I
Signed and sealed this 13th'day of May, A. D. 1930.
M. J. Moore, Acting Commissioner of Patents.
US93174A 1922-06-13 1926-03-08 Anticathode for discharge tubes Expired - Lifetime US1754716A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL22282A NL12876C (en) 1922-06-13 1922-06-13
NL29942A NL18586C (en) 1922-06-13 1925-04-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1754716A true US1754716A (en) 1930-04-15

Family

ID=26643558

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US93174A Expired - Lifetime US1754716A (en) 1922-06-13 1926-03-08 Anticathode for discharge tubes
US595928A Expired - Lifetime US1947417A (en) 1922-06-13 1932-02-29 Electric discharge tube

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US595928A Expired - Lifetime US1947417A (en) 1922-06-13 1932-02-29 Electric discharge tube

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US1754716A (en)
AT (1) AT101492B (en)
BE (1) BE333019A (en)
CH (1) CH103083A (en)
DE (2) DE452346C (en)
FR (2) FR565457A (en)
GB (1) GB250927A (en)
NL (2) NL12876C (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4439915A (en) * 1982-03-31 1984-04-03 Gellert Jobst U Heater installation in molding members

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE756627C (en) * 1935-06-30 1953-08-17 Julius Pintsch K G Electron tubes with metallic walls
US2452626A (en) * 1945-03-03 1948-11-02 Gen Electric X Ray Corp Electron emitter
US2530990A (en) * 1945-04-21 1950-11-21 Gen Electric Electric discharge device
US2703661A (en) * 1950-06-14 1955-03-08 Armco Steel Corp Television tube
US2670572A (en) * 1950-08-22 1954-03-02 Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd Method of making glass-to-metal seals
US2745738A (en) * 1951-09-12 1956-05-15 United States Steel Corp Steel alloy blanks for glass-to-metal seal
US2745739A (en) * 1952-10-22 1956-05-15 United States Steel Corp Steel glass seals and steel therefor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4439915A (en) * 1982-03-31 1984-04-03 Gellert Jobst U Heater installation in molding members

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH103083A (en) 1924-01-16
NL18586C (en) 1928-09-15
DE452346C (en) 1927-11-12
AT101492B (en) 1925-11-10
DE529141C (en) 1931-07-09
BE333019A (en)
FR565457A (en) 1924-01-28
NL12876C (en) 1925-04-15
US1947417A (en) 1934-02-13
FR31664E (en) 1927-03-21
GB250927A (en) 1926-08-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US1754716A (en) Anticathode for discharge tubes
US2406310A (en) Beryllium brazing
US1893380A (en) Soldering apparatus
US2829271A (en) Heat conductive insulating support
US1922244A (en) Electrode and method of making the same
US2168780A (en) X-ray tube
US2121590A (en) Vacuum-and gas-tight vessel for electric apparatus
US2093892A (en) Enclosed electric arc lamp
US2030561A (en) X-ray tube
US2189906A (en) Electronic discharge tube
US1717309A (en) X-ray tube
US2310567A (en) X-ray apparatus and method of construction
US1688854A (en) Vacuum tube for the production of soft x rays
US2013411A (en) Pluro-metallic rod
US2149447A (en) Furnace for treating materials at high temperatures
US2096539A (en) Process of and apparatus for cooling ray tube anodes
US2181366A (en) Electron tube
US1967869A (en) X-ray device
US1090456A (en) Process of forming joints.
US2276046A (en) Rectifier anode
US1943523A (en) Electron tube
US1505463A (en) Radiological apparatus
US2167515A (en) Electronic discharge tube
US3254255A (en) Mercury vapor discharge device having a novel brazing alloy
US2137841A (en) Electric discharge device