US1754599A

US1754599A - Method of bleaching fatty oils, mineral oils, and the like

Info

Publication number: US1754599A
Application number: US75743A
Authority: US
Inventors: Bollmann Hermann
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1925-11-18
Filing date: 1925-12-16
Publication date: 1930-04-15
Anticipated expiration: 1947-04-15

Description

H". BOLLMANN April 15, 193p.

METHOD OF BLEACHING FATTY OILS, MINERAL OILS, AND THE LIKE Filed Dec. 16, 1925 DRY FULLERS EAR-m an. HEATER INVENTOR.

OIL LEVEL sTmm-rfi 01L H EATER HEAT HEATING JACKET ATTORNEYS.

Patented Apr. is, 1930 PAT ENT OFFICE HERMANIN IBOLLMANN, OF HAMBURG, GERMANY IIMIIEII-IOD OF BLEACHING FATTY OILS, M INERAL OILS, AND THE LIKE Application filed December 16, 1925, Serial No. 75,743, and in the Netherlands November 18, 1925.

which experiment has shown to be necessary I,

to the oil and to cause this mixture to react while stirring and heating until the bleaching is effected. It has been proposed to make the process continuous by causing oil and fullers earth impregnated with oil torpass through a suitable column in countercu'rrent or by conducting them in the same direction through a pipe of suitable length provided with an agitating device. 1

Experiments have now shown that the manner and proportions in which the oil and fullers earth are allowed to contact are of primary importance not only with regard to the bleaching effectiveness of the fullers earth but also with regard to the time required for the process.

The bleaching action depends on the high absorptive and adsorptive powers of the fullers earth which has the property of retaining the colouring constituents of the oil. If a comparatively large quantity of fullers earth is brought into contact with a comparatively small quantity of oil, the former immediately takes up the colouring constituents. In addition, however, the fullers earth saturates itself with oil that has already been bleached, with the result that its absorptive powers towards the oil which is not yet bleached are diminished. Consequently a considerably larger quantity of'fullers earth and a longer period of action are necessary in the case when oil and fullers earth are not; mixed in the ratio requisite for the bleaching than would be necessary if the mixture is made in the first place in the correct proportions.

First ewpemment It has been, for instance, found that soybean oil, mixed with 12% of fullers earth and agitated while beingheated in a vessel, re-

quired about two hours before the bleaching was completed.

On the other hand, it has been found that if the oil is first warmed and the fullers earth then added in small quantities and in a heated state and brought into intimate contact with the oil or oil particles so that the addition of the fullers earth is spread over the entire period of the treatment and the fresh fullers earth has an opportunity of coming into contact with unbleached oil, then under otherwise equal experimental conditions it is possible to use 9% of fullers earth only and moreover to effect bleaching to the same degree as in the first experiment in less than half an hour.

The conclusion to be drawn from this is, therefore, that the bleaching may be effected most quickly and effectively if oil and fullers earth are, at the start, intimately mixed in the F correct proportions.

Accordingly the method of this invention consists in causing fullers earth and oil under treatment to come into intimate contact in small quantities at a time and in the requisite proportions for bleaching. The fullers earth, preferably heated, say to about 100 0., is conveniently forced into contact with the oil by means of a current of air under pressure, while the oil, also preferably heated, say to about 100 C., is conveniently sprayed into a chamber where the bleaching is to be effected. Thus the finely divided hot fullers earth contacts with the spray of preheated oil.

\ To carry out the method on a large scale a closed vessel, provided with a heating jacket and agitating device, is employed, the oil entering this from above and being distributed over the entire cross section of the vessel while the fresh fullers earth is, at the same time,

time the oil leaves the same. It is, however,

ible to use a smaller vessel and to finish OK the bleaching after efiecting the mixing, in

another vessel, after which oil and fullers earth are separated in known manner, e. g. by filtration.

An apparatus for carrying out the method is illustrated diagrammatically and by way of example in the accompanying drawing.

The 011, previously warmed, is introduced through several nozzles 4 into the closed yessel 1 provided with a heating jacket 2 and an 'tatin device 3. The distribution of the o is e ected so that it takes place over the entire cross section of the vessel 1. The fullers earth is conveyed by means of the conveyor screw 5 rotating in a pipe 14, provided with a heating jacket 17, into the pipe 6, the wall of which is provided in its lower portion with openings. The pipe 6 is perforated in its lower portion and is open at the bottom,

7 and surrounded by the jacket 7. Air is blown into the jacket 7 by means of the pump 8 and passes through the openings in the pipe 6, thence out through the open lower end of pipe 6 into the receptacle 1. The pump 8 withdraws air from the vessel 1 in order to avoid contacting the oil with excessive quantities of air. A gauze filter 16 prevents fullers earth entering the pump 8. The air entering vertical pipe 6 from the (perforations, mixes with the falling owdere fullers earth, and the mixture wil be deflected by striking the upper flaring surface of the cone 9, to throw the same outwardly over practically the entire surface of the receptacle 1. This action is assisted by the fact that the cone 9 is carried on a rotating rod 10. Much of the fullers earth before striking the body of the oil, will be struck by the sprays of hot oil from 4-4.

In the neighbourhood of the bottom of the vessel 1 an outlet pipe 11 is situated, which is connected with the ipe 12 which is closed at the top and is provi ed with agitating mechanism 15. The pi 12 has a number of cocks 13 by means of which the contents of the vessel 1 ma be removed. The oil still carrying some in lers earth, drawn off from the cooks 13 is first of all tested to determine whether the bleaching is complete and is then filtered or otherwise separated from the fullers earth carried therein. The discharge flow is so regulated that the oil and fullers earth have been in contact for a suificient time to enable an effective bleaching to take place.

I claim 1. A method of bleaching fatty oils, mineral oils and the like by means of fullers earth, which consists in causing the fullers earth and oil to come into intimate contact both in small quantities at a time both the oil and fullers earth being in a finely subdivided state, whereb a minimum quantity of fullers earth su ces for bleaching.

, 2. A method of bleaching fatty oils,'mineral oils and the like by means of fullers earth, which consists in blowing fullers earth into contact with the oil in the form of a spray, while fresh portions of fullers earth and fresh quantities of unbleached oil are continually contacting with each other.

3. A method of bleaching fatty oils, mineral oils and the like by means of fullers ers earth while in a heated 'state, until said earth has sufficiently removed the coloring matter from the oil.

5. In the bleaching of oil by fullers earth,-

the herein described step of directing a current of air carrying fullers earth against a spray of oil, to mix the said fullers earth and oil with each other.

In testimony whereof I afiix 111 Signature.

HERMANN BOL MANN.