US1749204A - Floor slab - Google Patents

Description

March 4, 1930.

' J. c. woon Er AL FLOOR SLAB Filed June 27, 192'.' 2 Sheets-Sheet March 4, 1930. l J, WOOD ET AL 1,749,204

' FLOORv SLAB Filed June 27, 1132'.7 2 sheets-sheet- 2 F'ICT. 5

/50 v y I2) "Ulml' @aai 'FEL-QI @o f2 FWG. 'OB 3 aylaclmaiafc am Patented Mar. y4',y 19130'r f PATENT OFFICE Joran `swoony ANDARTYHUR HAGENER-,OF LAKEWOOD, oHIo, AND KAB-L v or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, AssIGNons To THE WHITACREENGINEERING COMPANY,

onwn'yunssunaonro, A coRPoRATIoN oFfoHIo y f nLooR SLAB `Appiicatioa filed 'June 27, 1927.y serieu No. 201,631.

"."lhis yinvention relates to a floor or ceiling construction, and more particularly toa floory slab composedinpart of, hollow tile blocks.

It isamong' the objects of ourinvention to `be rapidly and easily built.' i.

yConstruct affloor which combines'a minimum weight 'with great; strength and which. may

j n Othe'robiectsincludema'king vthe Hoor fire- Vandthe ceiling surfaceso that the-ceiling f surface vmaybe, plastered andy be free from` gV the accumulationorseepage of moisture from- `vConcrete;l n H 'is -A'f'urther object isto-.arrange andposition proof. Another .objectf-is to provide an ample yinsulation between `the concrete of the/floor the tile inthe floor so that the strength of the I tileblocls ismost efficiently used in carrying Y the Y,floor load. A further obJect lspto group i andfz arrangev the tileso that the ktilefvvill be .bonded'tfo the /lloor-joists and',v beams as well l F raste-each other.V :A further 'object is tolessen the-time and'cost of erecting temporaryfsupj, ports -on which ourV slab is laid, by arranging` they tilefinsuch manner-that the tile comprises the form for they concrete," while the support merelygholds the tile. i

"Other objects lwillappear `from ythe followi y ingdescription'offour invention; the essential;l ,characteristics 4are:.summarized 1n' the i t v.

,Infthe drawing, Fig.' -1 isa perspectiveof a section ofafloor vslab includingportions of perspective. of;1naj,or.orf.worlring tile block;

3 is-a.: plan `'ofthefitile and reinforcing stel',las laid-; before fthe' .concrete is poured;

. Fig. tis ay partially broken sectionv (with concrete removed) talrenalongy the lines 4"-4 of' Fig. 1; Fig.5 isasection taken along tho glinesfeofFig. 1. a f' i tion and referring to the preferrednform illustrated f' in the' drawings, weshow particularly in' Fig.v 1 aportion 'of a loorslab .Whicl'lll for` the purpose of; illustration ymay bef square or rectangular .and is shown lying bet-weenbeams or girders 1 and 2. .Thev beams Vland 2 areshown as composedof reinforced concrete having suitable l reinforcing ybars The. beams are' arranged tointersect 1n the readilyr lend themselves to this construction which has the very apparent advantage Of eliminating ceiling beams. f

The slabfproperis composed of intersectingconcrete joists 10, the tops of which `lie.

flush with the topsV of ythe beams and with the tops of the tile blocks. Suitable reinforcingrods 1.1 are laid in the joists asshown. The rods are shown to liein two directions as shown in Fig. 3.. Referring to Fig. 4, we have shown in addition to the rods 1l, the rods 12, which extend across the upper portion of the .beaml and lie yabove lthe neutral axis of theslab in the. usual way. The par-y ticular arrangement of the reinforcing rods, of` the slab is a matter of choice consistent with the teaching of our invention; we have shown the conventional use of such rods by way of illustration to moreclear'ly set out the other novelfeatures. f f i The joists 10, as appear, are not as deep as the beams and for the. sake of illustration.jv I'have shown the joists to be about one-half the depth of the beams. It follows that iu the 7formof our invention shown herewith, that the upper half of the slab does the work of carryingthe load and that the, lower half maybe regarded as being idle atleast in the portions remote from the beams. v

In'the slab, we use major tile `blocks B as illustrated, for example, in' Fig. 2, which blocks 'n1-ay be, substantially cubical lin form and are eXtrudedto have a plurality of voids land l'extending thev length of the block in In the .preferred y form, the tile blocks have a step or offset portion at one of the upper edges of the block as kat 17,; the step lying parallel with the voids.

We do not care tobe limited'however, to the relation of step or steps to the direction or .size of the voids in the block. The voids 15 inthe upper portion of the block are shown tobe smaller than the voids 1,6 below and in placing the block in the floor, the smaller voids along with the step portion are placed upwardly so that the lower voids 16 lie imme- .angles as indicated by the arrows.

diately'above the ceiling which is'co'mposed in part of the bottom shells 18 of the blocks B; Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, the blocks B are laid on temporary supports, not shown,

in groups of fourblocks B, with the voids.`

and step portion of each blocklying normal to the 'voids and step ,portion in the adjacent blocks. Thus, in Fig. 3,. we show blocks' 20, 21, 22 and QSconstituting a group with the voids and steps of the blocks 2O and 2Q eXtendingas indicated by the arrows in the face of the drawing,and ythe voids and steps ofthe blocks 21 and 23' extending at right The step portions of theblocks face inwardly of the group and forma continuous channel or i 5 groove across the upper face of the group as at 30a Thesevchannels or grooves extend to the outeredge "ofthe group Aas at 31.

the top 'portion' of `the center of; the group as Referring to Figs. e and 5, thechannelvor Vgrooves 30appear between the steps 17'fand the ends of the uppermost voids` 15 of theV adjacentv and abutting blocks. Concrete keys Ll() are poured to 'lill up the channels 'as shown inF-igs. 1 and 5. vThe' c'oncietekeys 0f-in thesechannelslie inthe step portion 17v of each block and flow into the voided Vends of stitutes in itself, an isolated dome or arch, the

compression stress will reach a maximum in at. 32 in yFig.` 3,where the keys VL10 intersect. Further considering eacl'ig-roup as a pair of intersecting arches, it will'appear that .the concrete keys 40 with lugs 40A,'forni, 'in

effect,anextendedkeystone for each arch.

Y The concretekeys 40 in the channels 30 thus serveto distribute the load across the top of the group and distribute the load from the 's ide yof the-step 17 to the top'V shell and to the upper websof the adjacent tile.'jThe lugs 40A' extending'into the voids lying between 'The sofiit tiles may Y to, conform with the size of the blocks B.. in

the sotlt tile is, the sofiit tile y50a l the top shellfandthe upper 'horizontal web serve to mechanically lock the tile .in engage` nient and to take the direct shear between abutting tile.

.Referring back to Figs. 1 and 3,1 providevv soiiittiles 50 which liebelow the goists 10 and space thegroups from each other and space the joists awayV from the ceiling@ surfacje. 'be of convenient length Fig. 3,' we show, particularly, I 50L to loe/equalV in-length to a side c nneiision of the'group of tile 20,1521, 22 and 23, thasJ A is shown to be as long as fofthe tiles 2G and 23.

the combined length y V in all ofthe spaces bef The sofifit tiles` are laid 'tween groups yof tile, and with bottoni shells of the blocks B, forma continuous tile ceiling.

As shown, particularly infFigs. l and 5, each soliit tile 50 has alarge void 51 `extend-v ing longitudinally of thel tile and has/a chair nel formed in the top which is Vadaptedto oe keyed into the joists and suspended thereby as at 52. Any suitable keying nieans'between the soiiit `tile and the joist canfbefused.

v The soiiits are of such height as to'closethe lower voids 16 of the major'tile as shown in Fig. y5, so that substantially'. all of the "con- ,-1

crete in the vslab is maintained substantially of the saine cross sectional area as the .major voids 16 inthe blocks li, so that'a complete andv uniformr cellularlayer is provided Vbetween the ceiling surface. and Vthe workingy portion or upper sectionof the slab. Plaster may be applied to the lower sh'ellsof all the" These Vshells are well insulated [from vin'theupper section thereof.y The cells or i voids of the sofiit tile 51 may besubstaiitially Y.

any moisture that/may accumulate in or i through the vconcretejoistslor keys. Inthis manner, the plaster is always/dry and yinsulated froin the concrete.""The firep'rooling` lvalue vof this slab is greatly enhanced byrea#v son ofthe fact that thereinforcing rods 11,

for instance, arev insulated from thenearest'f' surface by theair space in the lowervoids:

and are of course insulated from aboveby the concrete inthe jojg l f In laying the tile, asshown A of the temporary-'supporting surface-is cov'- ered with tilef so that there isno ,shifting of tile when .-the concrete is poured. In addi.- tion to the advantage of centering and locating ithe tile on `the supports, it will be seen i` that a completetilel form is provided for thel concrete whichlis poured in the slab.V The temporary supports Vmay comprise loosel planks which need only be spaced'clos'ely enough vto provide a safe iiooring` for the..

workmen. V`Such temporarysupp'orts may ofv course bek moreY economically, erected and re# moved than 'those which musty constitute in part afforin for concrete.,v

VvThe reinforcing rods 11, see' are laid l directlyf over the soliit tile', thelowermost of the rods are laid to extendtransversely yof the'` channels of some of the soflits. "Therods' rods.

- As appears which extend parallel vwith the channel pori tion of thesoiits arelaidovenntersectingl the space between 'groups'.ofthe tileand have f lugs 10a which extend into the open ends ofv j Thus, -each tile is@ alternate faces of tile.v firmly bonded intoA the oists at v one 'endl and isboiided at the other end by the concrete key f l() having the lugs 40a. A group oftile such as thegroupshown in Fig...is b o`nded to the j joists vwhere the voided ends of the particu``-V jy isoV lartile meet the joists Thus thetile j2O4 is maag-204 bonded into the j oists .by lugs along the edge ifo S, thetile 21similarly bonded along the edge TT'A the tile 22 a'lon the'edge' U, the tile 23 along the edge V. j

yother side ofthe joiststhat the til'e23a is efurtherprovide on the bonded into the joist along the edge W and `the tile 2()a is bonded into anothervjoist along theedge X. Inthis manner, the lugsofthe joist' extend first into the tile 23a along-the edge W and then into the tile 2O along-the edge Si .Considering the tile spaced acrossv Y 'the joists inthe other direction 2Gb and 2lb,

y thetile 2Gb is bonded to the joist along the surface Y and thetile 2lb is bonded to the joistal'ong the surface'Z, thlus the lugs inthe y transverse joist extend intothe tile 2()a at Xy yand then diagonally across the vjoist into the' f tile h at Y and the'niback intotlie tile 21y at Y. ze

Ti'.vk vWith this.l arrangement the voids of each tile in the floorvas welly as yeach tile inv the group extend at right anglesto theadjacent tile andy so that thefgreatest strength of tile augments the strength ofthe two-way reinforcement. L Inoth'er words, the strainy in a given tile'measured'inv the direction of its vertical webs is transferred through yay me- "dium of concrete withr every-adjacent ytile f` against-the sidewall thereof and is" both dispersed and carried through the horizontal webs 'and shells ofthe adjacent tile. In this j `manner both in@ the vgroups andl between groups', we effect agreat uniformity of loadingleach tile, s o that all ofthe Icile may most effectively work, or rather sothat 'each tile may work atgreatetiiciency;

. Referring particularlyjto Fig. 5f, will'be seenthatthe groups of tile adjacent the 'beamspresent one tile yper group with vall of `its 'voided'en'd open to the beam. Inthis manner the lugs'of concrete not' only extend into the upper voids ofthe major tile, but

also. eX-teiid intofthe lower voids as atflOB.

f y'Iyhis 'construction fully bonds thetile on the edge of the' slab ltothe'beam and vaidsintakr ving the directl shearbetweenthe edge ofthe slaband the Sbearn.` It will be further ap-,

preciated by one skilled in the art that` these vlugs in thelower voids adjacent the beam aid in gripping each tile to help takethe compressive strain in the lowerportionofthe f "slabj which is greatestadjacent the beam. I f

, Theforegoing constitutes av description' of apreferredform of our inventionjbutwe do notccare to bey limited: totheexact ldetails of construction shown. For instance. we have shown 'groups constituting vfour tile blocks,

butv it can ber readily understood that ythe teaching of our inventionis readilyy applicable to groups composed of diferent'nuinbers.

of blocks. VThe particular-shape of the tile block andthe size and arrangement ofthe I* 4step. and web structure maybe varied lto suit the needs of a'particular case.` rOther variations mayvbe Amade without departing from y.the ,s'copeiof the claims appended hereto.

-We claim:

l. A floor slab having concrete joists and groups offour voided blocks bonded between intersecting joists, eachk block inthe group having one open end abutting the joists and `keyed to the joists by means of lugs of concrete extending into the voided ends of the tile and having they other open end facing the shell of an adjacent block in the group, in combinationy with a continuous concrete key extending between the upper portions of'. said blocks and distributing compressive load between them in all directions.

2'. A floor slab including-a group of voided blocks, the blocks in a group being arranged with voids in one block at right angles to thiefvoids in a horizontally adjacent block and presenting alternate open ends to the ex- L terior of the group, yconcrete joists spaced from each other and laid in two directions in the floor Vand surrounding each group of tile, each j'oist having lugs of concrete eX? tween abutting tile in the group to distribute the f load throughout. the group. t 4.1* A floor slab having reinforced kconcrete joists and groups of' hollow tile blocks bonded between joists, the open ends of tile in` the group abutting adjacent, tile, a nonreinforced concrete key disposed between abutting ends of the tile in the group j and' transmitting compressive load between blocks Vin the group and having lugs extendingginto the open ends of the abutting tile. 5. vA ioor slab having concrete joists and groups of voided tileblocks`bonded between joists,'one voided endof each block in the group abutting the sidewall of an adjacent tile and the'other voided end facing they jois-t, and aconciete key disposed between abutting blocks and having lugs Iextending into the voided ends of the abut-ting blocks. the joists having lugsextendinginto the other end of eachtil'eywhereby each tile is ,locked into theslab by lugs of concrete in both ends`and Awhereby .each 'group of blocks constitutes a load bearing unit Athroughout which the load' is distributed bysaid key.,

6.v A Hoor slab yhaving concrete j oistsv spaced apart and groups of tile blocks spaced between joists and lying flush with the top of thejoists and each group acting as a load bearing dome or arclu'each tile of the group abutting adjacent tile and having an zza upper reduced portion7 the depth of thereduced portion being less than the" depth of the joist, and concrete lreyslfornied integral andi-flush with. the top of the joists andxlying acrossthe Vupper face oi' the, group of tile betweenthe said upper.reducedv portions of! the tile-and servingv to ldistribute the load roni'fblock to blockthroughout each dome orarch. l

7. In'V a floor slab the combination of groups of hollow tilebloclrsh'aving webs andshells, each group. composed of blocks abuttingv each other and bonded between concrete joists, thefblocks in the group' being arranged'with the vertical webs lyingl normal to theshells of adjacenttile, each tile in the group havingan upper reduced portion whereby grooves are orniedinthe upper surface oi the groupwithparts ofthe shells and partsof the open ends of adjacent blocks exposed to theigroov'es, and concrete lreys pou-red in the grooves" and having lugs extendinginto the exposed openV ends-@oit` the blocks and lying between the webs thereof, said webs abutting and'transniitting the load to thesaid concrete joists. `f

8. A floor slab comprising spaced-reinforced concrete jois'ts withhollow tile blocl-:s arranged in horizontally adjacent'pairsi between joists, the blocks having their upper shells flush with the top of the joistsfso that each pair of blocks constitutes "a load carrying arch'abutting the joists, atl least one block having 'a plurality of'vertical webs, at least one block having one offits upper edgesV cut away forming a channel with an adjacent block and exposing the upper por- Vtionof the said vertical webs of 4one of the pairs of blocks,y concrete keys poured in the v channel-and vhaving lugs extending around saidA vertical webs, andlugs extending-,from

said j ists into thel voided ends` ofthe Itile ,c

blocks'exposed thereto. ,S A

, Y 9. A floor slab comprising vspaced intersecting reinforced concrete joists with hollow tile blocks arranged in horizontally adjacent.

pairs between joistsvin both directions, the blocks having their upper shells flush .with the top of the .joists so that each pair oi blocks constitutes' a load carrying arch abut-' ting the oists, each block having a plurality of vertical webs and each block* having `one of its upper edges cut away forming. a chan- Vnel with` an adjacent zblock extending Jfromy l0. A Hoor slab comprising spaced rein? forced' concrete joists, and groups of 'hollow tile blocks bondedtogether-between joists and having theirsupper shells flush withv the `top of the joists andcomprising` load carryl ing arches .for which the joists serve as abuty ments, said blocks being` placed inalternate and opposit'ely arrangedl pairs extending between joists with the voids in one block of' eachpair extending at right'l'anglesl `to the voids in the other block of each pair, vwith the shells of one blockiert a pair facing.' the oists and with tlievoided'endof the other Vblock of a pair yfacing a .joist and having lugs of concrete integral with ,thejoistsV extending into its voided end,v eachofthe bloclrshaving an upperfedge cutaway parallel'to its voids and to a (greater, depth than the topfshell of the bloclnv-said yout awa edgesV acind the v c y e e voided ends of adjacentblocks andproviding channels vfor concrete keyswhiclr have lugs extendingfinto the voided ends of adjacent blocks, wlierebyftheblooks are bonded to each otherV both laterallyA and longitudinally of the itloor, and' whereby alternate blocks are bonded to the joists.

' llA'floor slab comprisingspacedparallel y joists, hollow tile blocks extending inrows at right angles to the joists, each row includi ing pairs of bloelrs betweenj oi'sts, Ysaidblock-s ha'ving'their upper she'lls llush with thetop of the j'oists and having a voided portion f l comprisiiigV a zone generallydisposedk at a lower; level thany the bottom ofthe joists,the

bloclrs'in a given rowbei'ng alternately areV`v ranged with their voids normal to' the joists i and parallelr tothe joists, vbloclsfFwitli the voids parallel to the joists having an upper edgecut away remote from the joists providing af channel exposing the upper voided endsof adjacentblocksf-lugs of concrete integral with the joists extending into the void ed ends of the blocks presentingvoided ends to tl'i'ejoists, concreteleys poured iii thev cut- Y c away edges of the blocksxwhose voids extend parallel with the joists and having lugs extending into thel voided ends ofadjacent--k blocksy andv cellular'fs'oitf'tile keyed to the bottom of the Vjoirst and'closing.y the lower voids of the`blocks"`whose"voided ends face the joists, the bottoni shells of :the soit tile orniinga'ceiling surfa with the bottom shells of the otherv tile which is Yspaced away from the concrete of the keys rand joists by Y a horizontal cellular Zone belowlftlie load vcarrying port-ions of the Yiioor slab.

12. A Hoor slab comprising spaced intersecting joistsf defining the sidesof fav plurality of squares within which are fbonded four 'hollow tile blocks having all `of' their upper shellsiushj withfthe top of the joists.k each of the blocks being disposed in'a'corner forined'by two j'oists7 the blocks iin diagonal-( ly opposite cornershaving their Ivoids extending in .thesanie direction .and each ref cevingiugs of concrete in its voided end7 from one joist, whereby 1n a given square i each joist has lugs 'extending into one tile,

'each tile having an upper edge cut away ydeeper thanits top shell and parallel to its voids remote from the oist against which its v yshellb'ears whereby la shallow crossfshaped channel is formed.k in the top surface` of the four blocks whichexposes the vupper voided 10' s i Y crete key formed integrally with-the joists ends of each block, and a cross shaped conatsubstantially the middleof the sides of the squares and poured inthe channel `and y having llugs extending into the said. upper voided ends yof, the blocks.

ci 13. A floor slab comprising spaced inter-y -secting reinforcedconcrete joists between upper part of thefdo'ine.

kwhich groups yof hollow tile blocks forming load bearing domes are supported, the blocks in each group yhaving reduced upper portions and arranged to provide va continuous channelv for receiving a concrete key in the form j of at least a single cross on the upper face of theidome, the blocks of the group engaging the joists tov a greater depth than the depth of they key and the key distributing compressive loads from block to block across'the 14:. A fioor slab comprising vspaced reinforCCl concrete j oists withy hollow tile blocks arranged in horizontally adjacent rows bef tween joists, ythe blocks having their upper shells flush with the top ofthe joist's so that Y each row of blocks constitutes ay load `Carrying archv abutting the joists, at least one v block having a; plurality of vertical webs,

at least'one block having one of itsv upper edges'fcut away forming Aa channel with an adjacent block and exposing the upper portion of the said vertical webs of one` ofthe blocks, concrete keyspoured in the 'channel and having lugs extending around'said vertical webs,y and lugsy extending from said yjoists into the voided ends of the tiley blocks yexposed thereto. f s

-15'. AV oor slab comprising spaced reinforced concrete joists with hollow tile blocks each -row of blocks constitutes a load carry- 'Y arranged in horizontally adjacent rows between joists, the blocks having their upper shells iiush with the top of the joists so that ".ingarch abutting the joists, atleast one block mittig thrust to the ,said reinforced joists.

' 16.V floor slab having reinforced yconcrete joists and groups of hollow tile bloeks having a Yreduced upper shell and a full horizontal Webvdefining small upper voids in said blocks,

said blocks being bonded between joists, the open ends of the tile in the group abutting adjacent tile with said upper webs of adjacent tile contacting and said upper shells of adjacent tile spaced apart, a concrete key integrally formed with said joists disposed between abutting ends ofthe tile and upon said uppery web and between said upper shells and transmitting compressive load between blocks in the group and having lugs extending into the open ends of the abutting tile.

17. A Hoor slab having reinforced concrete j oists and groups of horizontally adjacent hollow tile blocks bonded between j oists, the open ends of tile blocks in the group abutting adjacent til'e, theupper shells of at least certain of the blocksA being of smaller area than area of the maximum horizontal cross-section whereby channels are provide'dbetween abutting tile, a concrete key of less depth than the j oists poured in said channels above abutting parts of said blocks and transmitting compressive load between blocks and having lugs extending into the open ends of the abutting blocks.

In testimony whereof, we hereunto aflix our signatures.

- JOHN O. WOOD.

ARTHUR HAGENER. KARL E. WAGNER.

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