US1745727A

US1745727A - Apparatus for disintegrating, grinding, reducing to fibers, mixing, or felting humid or dry materials

Info

Publication number: US1745727A
Application number: US211793A
Authority: US
Inventors: Sterzl Eduard
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1926-08-20
Filing date: 1927-08-09
Publication date: 1930-02-04
Anticipated expiration: 1947-02-04

Description

Patented Feb. 4, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFF-ICE EnuARn s'rRRzL, or PRAGUE, czncnosnovaxm ArraRaTus FOR DISINTEGRATING, GRINDING, REDUCING 'roirnmns, MIXING, R

FELTING HUMID 0R DRY MATERIALS Application filed August a. 1927, Serial No.

5 used for this purpose being of the type, in

which the material to be treated is worked upon by the teeth of arotating element, pref erably of a drum, passing between fixed counter teeth of an element remaining at rest. preferably of the casing-and is then removed from the apparatus at a place axially distant from where it had been introduced into it.

\Vith known machines of this kind, in which the material is to be. comminuted, ground, reduced to fibers, disintegrated or mixed between teeth, pins or tenons, it isnot possible to bring the entire mass, that' is to say all parts thereof, by one single operation into the desired final state or form. Forthis reason either the entire mass or those parts thereof which had not been worked up to the desired extent, have to be run several times through the machineor else small portions of the material have to be subjected to the treatment by the machine for sufiicient long time until the desired state of the material will be attained. Many materials, such as for instance wood chips, shavings or the like, cannot at all by mechanical treatment by means of the hitherto known machines be reduced tofibers.

The resent invention offers the possibility of subpacting the material during one single operation to a treatment; of all parts and particles of the mass, which treatment is by a positive motion repeated again and again, so that all parts are transformed into the desired final state.

The new method is also inthe economical respect superior to the hitherto known method. The most varying organic or inorganic substances maybe comminuted, ground, reduced to fibers, disintegrated, felted or mixed, according to their nature or to their intended utilizationeither in a dry, wet or oily state.

Organic fibrous materials may be treated so thatthe fibers will remain although all the cells may be opened. Hard materials, such as coal, earth colors and the like, can be ground either in a dryor oily state or when 211,793, and in Germany: August 20,.ia2e.

highly moisteda The moisturelfmay, if desired, be expelled by the airdraft during the removal of the ground material by means of suction. Hard fruits, such as maize, peas, oats. lentils, barley and the like, may, either alone or mixed with chopped straw, hay, leaves, herb-plants etc. be partly ground and partly reduced to fibers. Leather waste, rags and similar fibrous materials may-acc'ording to their intended use either in a wet'or in a dry state-be transformed into a fibrous, readily felt forming or into aslimymass, both of'them constituting" a most valuable raw material for many industries. aste of,

raw hides, intestines and like waste, if necessary soaked in water, can be" transformed thereby into a slimy or "fibrouspulp, so that thereafter the slimy or adhesive substances can easily be separated from the fibrous constituents'for the purpose of producing glue, artificial leather or other products of com mercial value. \Vood waste of any kind can, when dry, be ground to wood meal or, when wet, be reduced to a fibrous mass constituting a most suitable raw material for many industries, such as the manufactureof. linoleum,

paper. building or insulating materials, arti- I ficial leather etc. lVaste paper Q (maculature) after having undergone a preliminary comminution and after having been soaked in the known manner, can be redncedto fibers so completely and perfectly, thatthe printing ink will separate from the fibrous material and may be scummed off. Thus a paperpulp equivalent to fresh pulp may be obtained.

The gnarled (knotty) waste stufii' resulting in the cellulose manufacture ca-n-much better than had hitherto been done by'means of the grinding mill-be groundto paper pulp. Cellulose can-similarly, but more advans -teeth',to forces accelerating them in the direction of the rotation andby the fixed teeth of the casing to forces retarding them in the tageously than in the known pulp engine, be 4 to be treated towards the outlet is also brought about or supported by the axial components of the retarding forces produced by the faces of the fixed teeth, for which purpose said faces are also disposed in an oblique positionso as to form with the axial plane an angle open towards the outlet.

Owing to this arrangement all parts of the material are by a positively forced movement successively and rapidly following one another partly exposed to the lacerating action between the edge of the rotating tooth and that of the-fixed tooth, partly driven into the slit between the rotating tooth and the adjacent fixed tooth, the breadth of which slit is chosen in accordance with the desired degree of disintegration, and partly driven into the spaces between the fixed teeth.

Preferably the section of the rotating teeth is trapezoidal. The faces of the fixed teeth.

opposed to the rotative movement are preferably also forming with the axial plane an angle open towards the outlet side of let us say for instance 23. The lateral surfaces of the rotating as well as those of the fixed teethare lying in planes perpendicular to the axis and advantageously are roughened. Preferably also the cylindrical inner surface of the casing opposedto the cylindrical outer surfaces of the rotating teeth are roughened. The. material to be treated is preferably introduced in the middle of the drums length and leaves the apparatus at both ends of the drum. Thereby the necessity of providing a tight closure on the one end is done away with and the axial pressures exerted on the drum are thus balanced. The teeth of the rotating teeth crowns and those of the fixed crowns may be arranged in rows parallel to the axis. The length of the rotating teeth and that of the fixed teeth as well as the length of 50 the spaces between these teeth may be ap proximately the same.

In the drawing a machine for carrying the -new method into practice is illustrated by way of example.

Fig.1 is a longitudinal sectional elevation of a distintegrator, showing in its upper part the tooth spaces of the casing and the teeth of the drum and in its lower part the tooth spaces of the drum and the teeth of the casing.

Fig. 2 is a similar sectional View of the upper part at an enlarged scale, the section being made through the teeth of the drum and those of the casing.

Fig. 3 is a diagrammatical View of a quarter of the drums cylindrical surface, de-

veloped in a plane, the teeth of the casing extending between the rows of the rotatmg teeth being shown in section.

. To a shaft 5 rotatably mounted in bearings 4;-

a cylindrical drum 6 is secured, which turns in the sense as indicated by the arrow I (Fig. On the cylindrical surface of the drum the trapezoidal teeth 7 are provided, the fronts or faces of which are inclined so as to form with the axial plane an angle cc of for instance 23, which is open towards the outlet end of the drum. Thelateral surfaces of these teeth 7 are lying in planes perpendicular to the axis. These teeth 7 constitute a number of crowns arranged side by side at equal distances. The mantle 8 of .the casing surrounding the drum 6 is on its inner surface provided with the trapezoidal fixed teeth 9 engaging between the teeth crowns 7 and extending radially so far as to nearly touch the surface of the drum. The faces of the teeth 9 opposed to the rotative movement are forming with the axial plane an angle ,8, which also The dimensions of the teeth are approximately the same as those of the spaces between them, so that thelatter are alternately closed and opened, when the rotating teeth are passing.

The material is admitted in the middle through the feeding pipe 10, its escape takes place at both ends of the drum through the

channels

11 and 12 and the outlet pipe 13.

The paths followed by the material during the operation of the apparatus are shown in Fig. 3 by arrows.

The action of the method and of the apparatus is based on the following:

On the one hand the material between the movable teeth, rotating at the speed of the latter, is intercepted by the friction on the cylindrical inner surface of the casing, moreover on the teeth of the adjacent fixed teeth crowns and finally on the material retained in the spaces between the single fixed teeth. Consequently by the rotating tooth a force has to be transferred to this material, which is equal to the brake or checking resistance above mentioned, but has the opposite direction.. This force isdecomposd into a component perpendicular to the oblique tooth front and a component parallel to it. By the latter the material to be treated is laterally driven towards the outlet.

On the other hand the friction of the flanks I of the rotatingteeth on the material between the fixed teeth tends to accelerate the latter, which consequenly exercises a pressure against the oblique front of the fixed tooth. Owing to this pressure the material is shifted in the same sense, that is to say in the axial direction towards the outlet. The lateral shifting of the material from the plane of the admission point to the plane of the outlet is consequently effected by the oblique front of all teeth, those of the rotating crowns as well as those of the fixed-crowns, that is to say by a very great number of small, closely adjacent surfaces, which are, uniformly distributed all over the hollow cylindrical space occupied'by said crowns. This movement can be supported by the action of the air draft employed forsucking off the ground material. 'Owing to this arrangement the material is divided into a very great number of small noncohering partial masses and there is no more necessity of driving it by an external pressure in more or less cohering,

rather large masses through the machine, as has to be done with the known machines of this kind. The partial masses are by a continuous movement, in which the single particles are rapidly following one another, led against or to a very great number of lacerating or cutting edges and caused to pass between tearing or grinding surfaces, so that they are uniformly comminuted. The single tooth spaces or chambers between two consecutive rotative teeth and two consecutive fixed teeth are by the material to be treated only filled up to a certain part of their entire volumer If forremoving the ground material air draft is employed, the stream of air helps to move on said partial masses in the same direction. By the fact, that said chambers-between the teeth are alternately and rapidly closed and opened again, the efficiency of the air stream is considerably mcreased.

Itis evident, that the effect aimed at and obtained by the apparatus described hereinbefore, can also be-obtained by means of a turning disc carrying the rotating teeth and a fixed disc provided with the counter-teeth.

What I claim is:

1. An apparatus for comminuting, grinding, disintegrating, reducing to fibers, m xlng or felting humid (moisted) or dry substances consisting of a rotating element provided with working teeth and a fixed elementprovided with counter-teeth remaining at rest, in which apparatus the faces of the teeth exercising a pressrfre on the material to be treated are inclined so as to be adapted for shifting the material outwardly during the rotation.

2. An apparatus for comminuting, grinding, disintegrating, reducing to fibers, mixing or. felting humid (moisted) or dry substances conslsting of a rotating drum with ter teeth, in which apparatus the front faces of'the rotating teeth are disposed so as to form with the axial plane an angle open towards the outlet.

3. An apparatus for comminuting, grinding, disintegrating, reducing to fibers, mixing or felting humid (moisted) or drysubstances consisting of a rotating drum with teeth secured thereto and of a casing provided on its inner surface with fixed counter teeth, in which apparatus the front faces of the rotating teeth are disposed so as to form with the axial plane an angle of approximately 23, open towards the outlet.

4. An apparatus for comminuting, grinding, disintegrating, reducing to fibers, mixing or felting humid (moisted) or dry substances consisting of a rotating drum with teeth socured thereto and of a casing provided on its inner surface with fixed counter teeth, in which apparatus the front faces of the rotating teeth are disposed so as to form with the axial plane an angle open towards the outlet.

5. An apparatus for comminuting, grinding, disintegrating, reducingtofibers, mixing o1 felting humid (moisted) or dry substances consisting of a rotating drum with .teeth secured thereto and of a casing provided on itsiuner surface with fixed counter teeth, in which apparatus the front faces of the rotating teeth are disposed so as to form with the axial plane an angle of approximately 23, open towards the outlet, and in which the faces of the fixed teeth opposed to the direc tion of the rotary movement are also inclined so as to form with the axial plane an angle of about 23, open towards the outlet.

6. An apparatus for comminuting, grinding, disintegrating, reducing to fibers, mixing or felting humid (moisted) or drysubstances consisting of a rotating drum with teeth secured thereto and of a casing provided on its inner surface with fixed counter teeth, in which apparatus the front faces of the rotating teeth are disposed so as to form with the axial plane an angle open towards the end, the length of the rotating teeth being substantially the same as that of the spaces between the fixed teeth and the length of the spaces between the rotating teeth being substantially the same as that of the fixed teeth, so that the said spaces are alternately opened and closed by the passing teeth.

7. An apparatus for comminuting, grinding, disintegratin reducing to fibers, mixing or felting humid moisted) or dry substances. consisting of a rotating drum with teeth secured thereto andof a casing provided on its inner surface with fixed counter teeth, in which a paratus the front faces of the rotating teet are disposed so as to form with the axlal plane an angle open towards the outlet, the lateral surfaces of the rotating teeth as well as those of the fixed teeth lying in planes perpendicular to the axis of the drum and being roughened.

8. An apparatus for comminuting, grinding, disintegrating, reducing to fibers, mixing or felting humid (moisted) or dry sub stances consisting of a rotating drum with teeth secured thereto and of a casing provided on its inner surface with fixed counter teeth, in which apparatus the front faces of the rotating teeth are disposed so as to form with the axial plane an angle open towards the outlet, the head surfaces (cylindrical outer surfaces) of the rotating teeth and the cylindrical inner surface of the casing opposed to them being roughened.

9. An apparatus for comminuting, grinding, disintegrating, reducingto fibers, mixing or felting humid (moisted) or dry substances consisting of a rotating drum with teeth secured thereto and of a casing provided on its inner surface with fixed counter teeth, inwhich apparatus the front faces of the rotating teeth are disposed so as to form with the axial plane an angle open towards the outlet, the admission of the material to be treated taking place in the middle of the drum and the removal at the ends thereof, for which purpose in each of the two halves of the apparatus thus created the inclination of the faces of the rotating teeth as well as of those .of the fixed teeth is such as to look and to shift outwardly.

In testimony whereof I have afiixed my signature.

EDUARD STERZL.