US1745568A

US1745568A - dienner

Info

Publication number: US1745568A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1930-02-04
Anticipated expiration: 1947-02-04

Description

Feb. 4, 1930. J. A. DIENNER 1,745,568

FUEL FEED SYSTEM F116d. F9b. 11, 1924 2 SheBtS-Shee?.

Gre/21??" Feb. 4, 1930. I J. A. DIENNER 1,745,568

FUEL FEED SYSTEM I l A Filled Feb. 11, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 CHIYURETER V lll Panarea Feb. 4, 1930 UNITED ASTATES PATENT` OFFICE JOHN A. DIENN'ER, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASISIGNOB T0 STROMBERG MOTOR DEVICES COMPANY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS FUEL-rem) SYSTEM Appucamnmea February 11, 1924. serial No. 691,912.-

vention has other uses and applications which are contemplated within the scope of the appended claims.

In supplying liquid fuel to an internal combustion engine particularly ofthe automobile type, it is to be noted that the demands of the engine cover a wide range of variations. That is to say, assume that the engine has speeds of from 200 to 2,000 revolutions per minute it will be seen at once that there is a wide range of variation of the heat which is available to operate the pumping device. In a system of this class which oper- `ates on the heat of the engine and which isv designed to secure a between the amount o y amount of fuel pumped, it is desirable that general correspondence the device have a wide range of action.

It is highly important that the system be put into operation as promptly as possible after the starting of the engine, and it is desirable that the system' maintain a reserve forthe carbureter for starting purposes and for warming up the engine, and that the system should also maintain asupply of liquid for priming the pum In order that t e device may not be overpowered by excess heat at high engine speeds and in order that the device may operate satisfactorily with a relatively low supply of 40 heat at lower engine speed,.it is desirable that means be provided for making strokes of the pump in an orderly progression in substantial accordance with the heat in ut. j In my original device, as disc osed in the above mentioned patent, I have' employed a fuel employed and the iloat valve forcompelling the orderly makl ing of strokes. A device of this character is in reality a small heat engine workin .upon a working Huid which is the fuel or the engine. bince the 'device is in reality a heat engine it must progress according to a regular thermo-dynamic cycle and thisl cycle must be under regular control.

In order tofspeed up the action of initial vaporization `for starting the pumping action, I provide first a separate vapor forming chamber arranged rto heat the body of liquid to the point of forming vapor as rapidly as possible.-

This vapor forming chamber is separated from the working chamber which'y is adapted to receive vapor from the vaporizin chamber and to expel liquid therefrom an I provide an absorber of the heat of the vapor for condensing the vapor so as to permit refilling of the working chamber with liquid.

I convey the vapor formed in the Vaporizing chamber to a closed trap or working chamber for expelling the contents to cause a liquid discharge from the umping mechanism. The vapor may then Ibe expelled from the working chamber or liquid may be injected into the chamber in order to condense the vapor for lling the chamber.

These actions are carried out in a regular cycle. Since the vaporizing chamber is separate from the working chamber andthe con densing chamber is arranged to maintain the liquid out of the Working chamber, it makes no difference how hot the heating or vaporizing chamber gets nor how cold the condensing chamber gets so long as the required difference in temperature is maintained suitable for working the device.

In order to' acquaint those skilled in the art with the method of constructino and operating my invention I shall now describe a specific embodimentvof the same in connec- 'tion with the accompanying drawings.

Figure Lis a diagram of nv system em- Cil bodying my invention, empuying as the vaporizing chamber, a closed end tube; j

Fig. 2 is a modification in which the heating chamber is a pipe, both ends of which communicate with the working chamber. In this construction the Working chamber is inormally separated from the condensing liquid chamber by a float valve; y

Fig. 3'is a sectional view through the vaporizing chamber shown in Fig. l;

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic layout of a system similar to that shown in Fig. 1 employing, however, a vertical pipein contact with the exhaust gases for the vaporizing chamber;

Fig. 5 is a diagram of a system similar to Fig. 4 in which, however, the liquid from the main tank is injected into the workingchamber; and

Fig. 6 is across sectional view through the working chamber showing the manner of ntlnmting the sameupon the exhaust mani- As I have shown in Fig. 1, the main tank 1 for liquid fuel is placed at a lower level than the reservoir 2 and the pumping device 3.

'he pumping device 3 takes liquid from the low level tank 1 through the suction pipe 4 and discharges the same into the reservoir 2 through a check valve 5 which connects dil rectlywith the pipe or conduit 7, this pipe or ther fuel will be pumped.

conduit communicating with the bottom of the reservoir 2 and leading to the carbureter:

as indicated on the diagram. The reservoir l2 is open at its top as indicated at the opengoverning' a valve 10, which valve seats at the top of a standpipe 11. This standpipe 11 comprises first a communication between the reservoir 2 and the trap 12, which communication is opened only when liquid in the reservoir 2 reaches a high level which raises the float valve 9-10v from the valve seat in the.

top of the standpipe 11.

This standpipe also tends to trap suiicient fuel below thesame in the reservoir 2 to supply the carbureter with a starting charge for warming up the engine to the point where fur- The height of the standpipe 11 may be made any desired value within limits, for accomplishing this purpose.

The suction pipe 4 leads from' the bottom of the main tank 1 to the top of the trap 12. This trap is formed in the intake pipe for trapping sufficient liquid to invariably prime the pumping device 3 even if the automobile should stand for a time unused.

The bottom of the trap 12 communicates through a conduit 13 and check valve 14 with chamber 15, which chamber 15 is termed herein, the condensing liquid chamber. It is so designated because it contains the. liquid which is employed in condensing the vapor `considerable period of lng 8 to atmosphere, and it contains a ioat 9" Limites- Vfrom the working chamber. The working.

chamber in this case comprises an inverted U- shaped passageway 16 for trapping vapor and for expelling liquid. At its outer end this U-shaped passageway 16 terminates in a' vaporizing chamber 17, in this case shown as is open to thje chamber 15 so that it communicates. with the condensing liquid in said chamber 15.

It is to be noted that the enlargement 20 comprises the major part of the working chamber and the function of the same isV to trap vapors at its upper end and to expel liquid at its lower end until the working chamber is substantially whereupon condensation of the vapor occurs with 'a contraction ofthe vapor and a suction of further liquid through the trap 12.

The'operation of this system is as follows:

Liquid fromv the reservoir 2 passes out through the conduit 7 through the carbureter, supplying the same with liquid. `-Now assuming that the engine is cold, the engine may be started with the liquid trapped in the reservoir 2 below the top of the standpipe 11, or, in fact, any amount of the liquid which may be in said reservoir. The heat of the exuntil the liquid is substantially discharged therefrom, whereupon the vapor rises under the end of'said working chamber-20 over into the condensing liquid chamber 15. As the liquid is depressed in the working chamber 20 it is expelled out past thc check valve 5 into theconduit 7, such the carbureter passing down to said carbureter and the 4remainder being driven over and up .into the reservoir 2.

As soon as the vapor passes under the end of the working chamber 20 out into the liquid condensing chamber 15 the pressure is suddenly relieved and the same time the liquid condenses the vapor causing a rapid shrinkage with the result that a suction is created in said chamber 15 and liquid is therefore drawn from the main tank l through the sucempty of liquid As vapor is part as is required by tion pipey 4 through the trap 12 and past the f mation again exceeds the entering rate ofliquid whereupon another expulsion stroke nwill occur. Whenever the vaporizing chamber 17 becomes empty of liquid it will cease shown in Fig. 1 provides,

to form further vapor ,with the result that the rate of condensation will exceed the rate of vapor formation and liquid will rise in the working chamber until it runs over the top part of the same, and by gravity runs into the vaporizing chamber 17, whereupon successive strokes will again occur.

It is to be noted that the excess of liquid pumped by the pumping device 3 results merely in a circulation of the liquid up into the reservoir 2 and when suiicient liquid has been'stored in the lreservoir 2 to lift the ioat valve 9-10 the weight of the column of liquid in the pipe 4 will tend to' withdraw liquid and 'bring the float valve 10 back upon its seat. y

Now it will be noted that the system as first a starting charge in the reservoir 2 for supplying the carbureter. Furthermore the'reservoir provides liquid for sealing the valve 10 and if this valve should leak and permit the contents above the valve to pass down into the ytrap 12, air will then follow and-break the partial vacuum at the top of the trap 12, perniitting the pipe 4 to empty but to retain a charge in the trap 12 for keeping the pump-v ing device 3 full of liquid.

Since the two check'valves 5 and 14 are in series it is unlikely that both of these check valves will leak and consequently the starting charge for the carbureter will be maintained.

In Fig. -3 I have shown the vaporizing chamber in section. This comprises a smal closed end brass tube 21, the upper end of which is expanded as indicated at 22, into a groove formed in the itting 23. This fitting 23 has a thread 24 for the connection of the pipe or conduit 16 and it has a `flange 25 which is held between layers of insulating

material

26 and 27 Yas by means of the clamping ring 28. In this manner the transmission of heat either to or from said fitting 23 and [consequently the liquid inthe vaporizing chamber 17 is prevented. This is for the purpose of permitting the vaporizing chamber to heat its liquid rapidly without giving up heat to the exhaust pipe 18 and also to pre- 'vent heat from the exhaust pipe 18 being transmitted to the vaporizing chamber an to the liquid therein when the exhaust plpe is hot.

In Fig. 2 I have shown a modified system in which thesame arrangement of a separate l working .chamber and vaporizing chamber and liquid condensing chamber is provided.' In this casey the reservoir 2 has an overflow pipe 31 leading back to the main supply chamber 1 for returning liquid. when the reservoir 2 is full. The suctionpipe4 `leads past the check valve 32 into the liquid trap 33, which in this case is also the condensing liquid chamber. The trap 33 in this case`Y is formed as Vfloat 39. A

a continuation of the reservoir 2, the two chambers being separated by a wall which A pipe 35 leads to the carbureter from a point adjacent the bottom of the reservoir 2. The condensing liquid chamber and trap 33 leads by way of a short pipe connection 36 to the top of the working chamber 37, this working chamber having a valve seat 38 at the point where the connection 36 enters said chamber 37. A float 39 bearing a valve 40 at its upper end is contained in said working chamber 37 and when the liquid has substantially filled the working chamber 37 the valve 40 closes against the' seat 38 and is held there by the of the working chamber 37 to the vertical pipe 42, which in this case forms the heating chamber.I The lower end of the vertical pipe 42 which forms a vaporizing chamber, communicates past check valve 43 with the bottom of-a working chamber 37 through the pipe 44. A'branch from the pipe 44 shown at 45 leads through check Valve 46 to the reservoir pipe 41 leads from the upper endl 2 through the pipe 35. It may be led into the reservoir 2 independent of the pipe 35. The branch connection for the pipe 45 lies on the pipe 44 between the check valve 43 and the working chamber 37.

The operation of'this device is as follows:

Assuming that the system is full of liquid, and it may be so filled by means of the filling cap 8, the engine may charge which is trapped in the reservoir 2. Upon the heated gas striking the pipe 42 vapor is formed therein and this rises to the pipe 4l and then to the upper part of the working chamber 37 gradually depressing the liquid therein and forcing the same up to the connection 45 until the liquid in the working chamber 37 no longer supports the float 38. It is to be noted that vliquid may escape from the heating chamber 42 in both directions, but can enter the same only from the top connection 41 as here shown. This tends to give a longer time period to the strokes but if desired the valve 43 may be dispensed with and then the rate of making strokes will tend to be more rapid and less orderly. When the oat 39 loses its supportin .the liquid it opens valve 40 and liquid from said trap 33 comes in contact with the vapor and the result is a partial condensation of the vapor in the working chamber 37 with a contraction of be started from the' the contents thereof,y the result being that the liquid will come up through the suction pipe 4. So long as the suction persists in the.

l liquid will flow into said working chamber pumping device comprises the pipe 54 opposite said portor passageway 62 is the pocket 60 containing the heating pipe or chamber 55. During a relatively low speed of the engine the amount of .gases coming from cylinder 1 is not so great 4as to disturb the inflow of gases from the port 62 directly into the pocket 60, but if a substantial amount of gases is being discharged from cylinder No. 1 or from the cylinders in advance of the port 62, then there is a tendency to deworking chamber 37 due to this condensation,

37 even though the valve 40 tends to close under the influence of the float 39. The result is that condensation continues until liquid runs in the pipe 41 over into the pipe 42 where vaporization again occurs and a succeeding stroke is made by lowering of the liquid level in the chamber 37.

It is to be noted that' in connection with both Figs. 1 andl 2 the system may be put into working condition by pouring a suitable charge into the reservoir2 or 2 until the same is full.

It is to be noted that in a system of Fig. 1 the check valve'14 in the suction line is posterior to the trap 12 while in the system of Fig. 2 the check valve 32 is anterior to the trap 33.

It is also to be noted .in connection with Fig. 2 that the check valve 43 is specifically employed for preventing condensing where the heating of the chamber 42 is relatively slow, but as heretofore explained, the check valve 43 may be dispensed with if desired.

In the system shown in F ig. 4 the reservoir 48 is`placed above the trap 49, which trap 49 also serves as the condensing liquid chamber. The Areservoir 48 is adapted to retain a charge for the carbureter, which carbureter is fed by way of the pipe 51 leadingv from the bottom of said reservoir 48. The discharge pipe into the reservoir 48 terminates as indicated at 52 a substantial distance below thetop of the overflow pipe 31 so .that there is a body of liquid above the top of the pipe 52 for normally sealing the check valve 53 in said discharge pipe, but even if the liquid above the top of the discharge pipe 52 should lleak past the valve 53, air leaking in and past the valve 53 would enter the top of the trap 49 and then be stopped by the check valve B2, or if it leaks the air would then simply permit liquid in the suction pipe '4 to drop without disturbing the charge for the carbureter or for priming the pumping device 50. This pocket 60 and relatively less heat strikes said eating pipe 55.

It is therefore possible to have a less effecengine speed than for lower engine speed; or to put it another way, when the volume of gas ispassing through the exhaust pipe 61 'is great, then the rate of heat transfer to the pipe 55 is not so great as when the volume is less. The desired result is that there isa greater effectiveness of heat transfer at low speed than at high speed, so that the device will not pump too great an excess of fuel at high speed when it is setto pump at a relatively rapid rate at low speed.

substantially the same as described in connection with Figs. 1 and 2 in the main features of operation; namely the first formation of vapor in the vaporizing chamber 55, which then passes over through the pipe 54 into the top of the working chamber 56, expelling the liquid out ofthe bottom and driving liquid up through the discharge pipe 52 past check Avalve 53 into the reservoir 48. Upon discharge of vapor from the working chamber 56 the vapor tends'to rise and expand, but is quickly condensed by the liquid in said condensing liquid chamber 49 wherewupon a shrinkage of the contents of the working chamber 56 rapidly occurs and a suction stroke is made, raising liquid through the suction pipe 4. When the condensing action begins, that is when the pressure in the chamber 55 and the working chamber 56 drops, liquid can then enter the vaporizing chamber 55 through the check valve 59. This check valve tends to remain closed so long as the pressure in th'e vaporizing chamber 55 increases rapidly enough to expel liquid from the working chamber 56. The check valve 59 is not absolutely essential since there is no tendency for a convection current to beset up due to the inverted U-shape of the working chamber and its connected vaporizing chamber, butl the tendency of the valve 59 is to hold a charge of liquid in the vaporizing chamber 55 so that'continuous vaporization can occur until the working chamber 56 is substantially emptied and vapor discharged therefrom before further liquid will b'e injected into said vaporizing pipe y55. y

f The system of Fig. 5 is substantially the same as that shown `in Fig. 4 with the exwhich connects the vertical pipe 55, which pipe 55 is the vaporizing chamber, with the working chamber 56. The working chamber, in this case, has at its top a small bleeder` hole 57 to permit air or gas to pass out of the same when the device is full of liquid.

The bottom of the trap and condensing liquid chamber 49 communicates by way of a pipe 58 through check valve 59 with the bottom of a vaporizing pipe 55.

This vaporizing pipe 55 is' placed in a pocket 60 in the outside of the exhaust pipe 61 and opposite the port 62 where an intermediate cylinder or pair of cylinders discharges its gases into the body of the exhaust pipe 61. That is to say in a four cylinder engine, cylinders 2 and 3 discharge their exhaust through the passageway or port 62 into the main body of the exhaust pipe 61 and iiect the gases entering the port 62 from the tive transfer Of heat per stroke for higher.

The operation of the system, further, isn

- of the working chamber results in the injection of relatively cold liquid directly into the working chamber. That is to sayinstead of discharging the vapor into the condensing liquidcha'mber and then depending upon the entry of the same liquid into the working chamber to condense the vapor, a dierent charge of liquid is drawn into said working chamber. The pipe 64 need' not be led directly up through the bottom of the Working'chamber 56; it may lead up laterally and discharge into the top of the working chamber if desired. The other parts of the system are the same as those described in connectionwith Fig. 4; i

I have shown a heat insulating device such as a piece of asbestos board or the like interposed between the exhaust manifold and the condensing liquid trap 49. A

It is to be understood that the condensing liquid is to be maintained at as low a temperature as it is possible to do so, in order' that easy transfer of heat from the Vapor to the liquid may be made. It is also advisable to insulate the pipe which connects the va orizing chamber with the working cham er; that is the top of the vapor trap, so as to prevent loss of heat in condensation.l

I have shown in Fig.- 6 now the pipe 55 may be mounted'in a fitting. 66 as by means of the flange 67 lying between the layers of

insulation

68 and 69 and fheld in place by clamping ring 70. The upper end of the pipe 55 'is flared out and is held by means of a coupling 71 in connection with the pipe 54 by means of a double cone fitting 7 2.

The heatinsulating material for the pipe 54 is indicated at 7 3 on Figs. 4 and 5.

I do not intend to be limited to the details shown or described.

I claim: i

1. In combination, ya low level source of liquid supply, a source of demand,a chamber for enerating liquid vapor, a pumping cham er separate from .and communicating with saidvapor generating chamber, a reservoir for receiving liquid from the pumping chamber, a suction connection between the pumping chamber and the low level source of liquid supply, means for heating the vapor generating chamber independently of `the pumping chamber, and .a trap for liquid 1n the suction connection, said trap being disposed above the pumping chamber and the vaporizingfchamber to feed saidchambers by gravit 2. In combination, a lowl level source of liquid supply, a source ofdemand, a chamber for generating -liquid vapor, a pumping chamber separate from and communicating with said vapor generating chamber, a reservoir receiving liquid from-the pumping vapor to condense the same rapidly, said conchamber and for supplying the source of demand, a suction connection between the pumping chamber and the low level sourceof liquid supply, means for heating the vapor generating chamber independently of the pumping chamber, and a condensing chamber communicating at its lower end with the pumping chamber and having means for exposing a relatively large area of liquid to the 75 densing chamber.

3. In combination, a low level source of liquid supply, a source of demand, a condensing chamber, a suction connection from the condensing chamber to the low level source of liquid supply, a liquid trap in said suction connection disposed above the condensing chamber, a reservoir connected to the condensing chamber and adapted to receive liquid fuel discharged therefrom, a connection from the reservoir to the source of demand, an inverted double-legged U-shaped assageway, one leg thereof being dispose inthe condensing chamber and forming a working chamber, and the other leg disposed externally of said condensing chamber and formin a vapor generating chamber, and, means or heating 'said vapor generating chamber independently of said working chamber.

4. In combination, a low level source of liquid supply, a source of demand, a vaporizing chamber, a working chamberconnected to said vaporizing chamber, a condensing chamber having open communication with the bottom of the working chamber and being disposed therein, a suction connection from the condensing chamber to the source of liquid supply, areservoi'r connected to the source of demand, a discharge connection from the condensing chamber to the reservoir, and a trap in the suction connection between the condensing chamber and the source of liquid supply.

5. In combination, means for conveying a low of heated gases, said gases having different rates of flow, an engine having an exhaust outlet discharging into said conveying means, and a heat operated pumping device exposed to the heat of the exhaust gases and chamber embracing the pumping disposed out of the main path of heated gas flow through said conveying means, said heat operated pumping device being disposed substantially in alignment with the path of discharge of exhaust gases from the engine into said conveyingmeans. l l

6. In combinatiommeans for conveying a flow of heated gases, said gases having different rates of flow, a heat operated pumping device exposed to the heat of said gases, means for rendering said pumping device less responsive for high rates of flow than for low rates of flow of said gases through said conveying means, Said means comprisinga source of heated gas supply discharging laterally into the path of heated gas low through said conve ing means and in a direction across said ow, and a heat sensitive device forming a part of said heat operated pumping device and dis osed laterally out of the path of the heate gas How through said conveying means on the opposite side.-

thereof andin alinement withthe discharge of heated gases into the low of gases through said conveying means.

In Witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 8th day of February, 1924.

JOHN A. DIENNER.