US1743051A - Oil-burning process - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 7, 1930. c. v. STUART 1,743,051

OIL BURNING PROCESS Filed April 18, 1922 3 Sheets-Sheet l lllbrlv 7 a h v .|\\.\AMWM 7, m Now M MQMOMQ E WM New Now M @MQMMMMMQ H W. Mom QMQMQMOMAM VMQMOM Mom MM 7 f @MQMOM MQMQM M H W y 6 @MQMQMQMQMOMQ M Q momomomomv a L MON MOMAVMAVMM M4]! @MMMMOMOMQ m Now MOMQMOMQ J v m M momom MOMQ q M r l z ATTORNEY Jan. 7, 1930. Q v STUART 1,743,051

OIL BURNING PROCESS Filed April 18. 1922 s Sheets-sheaf 2 WITNESS:

INVENTOR ATTORNEY Jan. 1930. v c. v. STUART 1,743,051

OIL BURNING PROCESS I Filed April 18. 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 nun;

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INVENTOR wrmzssss ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 7, 1930 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE OKLAHOMA OIL-BURNING PROCESS Application filed April 18,

The present invention relates to an oil burning process. One object of the invention is to provide a method of burning oils such as kerosene, solar oil and the like in which there is no deposition of carbon or soot, such burning being efiected without a Wick and the process being continuous and being completely controllable.

A further object is to provide a method of burning oils of the class referred to, in which the maximum amount of available heat is produced and reflected.

A further object is the provision of a means in which the effects above stated can readily be produced. In order to make this invention clear to anyone skilled in the art I have shown certain illustrative figures as follows.

Figure 1 is a front view of an entire stove for this process.

Figure 2 is a plan section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a rear view partially in section of the lower portion of said stove showing particularly the vapor generator, its controlling means and the vapor conductor.

Figure 4 is a plan view of the parts shown in Figure 3, the upper casing being not shown and the generator, vapor conductor, etc., being shown in plan view.

Figure 5 shows a vertical section of the vaporizer element employed.

Figure 6 is a vertical section of the entire stove. V

Figure 7 is a vertical section on the line 7-7 of Figure 1. Figure 8 is a perspective view of one of the clinkers on a larger scale, this view showing the rear face and one of the side faces of one of the clinkers.

It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the stove may be of any desired shape, and the form shown is a simple structure particularly adapted to the practice of this invention.

11 is a suitable base supporting a fire clay or brick back 12 adapted to serve as a heat reflector. In front of this back are clinkers 13 resting upon a perforated plate 14, the perforations in said plate being aligned with the hollow interior of the clinkers 13.

Located below the plate 13 is the vapor 1922. Serial No. 554,356.

generator, which is indicated as a whole in Figure 6 by the numera-ls'50 and 51.

Kerosene, solar oil or the like is fed in through small tubes 16, to the first vaporizer element 17, shown in vertical section in Figure 5.

This vaporizer element consists of a tubular shell 18, which may if desired be constructed of brass, having a fibrous filling material, such as loose wooly asbestos 19. This may be held in place by wire gauze caps and 21 located near the end of said element.

At 22 the element 17 is cut around the outside, forming external shoulders near the end thereof.

A screw nut 23 is constructed with a groove into which the shouldered portion 22 fits, said screw nut having a threaded projection 24 which screws into internal threads within the said end of the element 18. The outer end of the screw thread 23 consists of a projection 25 threaded externally for attachment to the tube or pipe 16 through which the oil is introduced.

At the other end of the element 17 a nut 26 is provided having a projection 27 threaded into the tube 18 similarly to the manner described for element 23. The outer end of this nut is a projection 28 shaped somewhat as a nozzle as shown in Figure 5. Through the said nut 26 is a hole 29 which may be tapered as shown, and which terminates at the outer end in a hole of very small diameter, for example, .01 to .03 inches.

The element 18 is heated somewhat during the operation by small pilot flames carried on the shoulders 31, or in any other suitable manner. p

The end 28 of the nut 26 projects'into a casing 33 which is provided with an air inlet 34 in one side thereof. Opposite the said end 28 in casing 33 is a pipe 35 which is longi tudinally adjusted by means of a rod or stiff wire 36 extending externally of the stove and having a suitable handle 37.

i The element 35 is thus longitudinally slidable in a pipe slightly larger in diameter. A slot 38 in the pipe 35 and a pin 39 in the slightly larger pipe 40 limits the movement of the element 35.

Attached to the outer end of the pipe 40 is an elbow 41 which is fastened by means of screws 42 and plate 43 to the side of the conduit 44, which acts as a vapor distributor to the burner tips 45.

Attached to the element .4llis likewise a pipe 46 and a valve 47 for lighting gas, gasoline or carbonated air for use in starting the stove and initially heating up the clinkers.

The vapor distributing shoulders or conduit 44 may be composed of two parts, a'portion 50 which is rectangular in cross section and an extension 51 which is rounded'at the bottom and of less depth. This is merely for the purpose of economizing metal in casting this element. A part 15 is also cast integrally therewith, which is about. one-third the length of the portion 44. A part of this element 15 as seen in Figure 7 extends to the left of 50 and 51, forming a shelf which carries the shoulders 31 for heating the element It will be seen in Figure 7 that the plate 14 is raised above the distributor 44, and a loosely fitting washer may be placed between the said two elements in order to allow considerable air to enter with the gas into the tions aid in holding the lower ends clinkers in their respective places. The holclinkers 13 in which combustion is effected.

As is clearly seen in Figure 6, the plate 14 has projections 56, the points 57 of which are raised some distance above the surface of this plate, but the base of which is substantially flush with the plate. These prfojehc- 'o t e low interior portion of the clinkers are over the holes 59 in the said plate 14.

The clinkers 13 maybe further held in place and prevented from falling forward by a rod 60 which runs across the front of the stove from one side wall 61 to the other Side wall 62.

" ly against each other.

The fire clay backing 12 prevents the clinkers from falling backwards, the clinkers practicallyresting against this fire clay backing. It is understood that the external surface of the clinkers is roughened and'they do not rest tight against the backing but are spaced somewhat therefrom. The side walls of the clinkersare also somewhat roughened so that these clinkers do not tend to fit snug- The front. of the clinkers-is composed of open work having large holes 63, the narrow bars of material across the front being numbered .64; The

upper portion of the front of the clinkers 'taper away as shown at 65 in Figure 8, these upper ends'being imperforate. On the sides the clinkers are provided with small holes 66 and on the back they are likewise provided with small holes 67, theselatter being preferably in the form of vertical slots as shown in Figure 8.

'On the interior of these clinkers are provided projections 69 from the sides and pro jections 70 from the backs. Preferably there 7 corner plates 7 4 which connect to the top and sides of the casing 73. The plate 14 is preferably attached to theends of the base 11 by screws 80, as seen in Figure 3. It is also attached to the. back of the base by screws 81, as may be seen in Figure 7 Said plate 14 may be provided with holes 82 through which screws may pass into the screw threaded holes 83 and the topof the distributor 44 for supporting the distributor and holding it secure.

The part 15 is preferably integral with the part 50. The vaporizer through a hole in the end of the base 11. The plate 44 carries a slightly raised portion 84 which'is bounded by the lines 85 in Figure 6.

18 may project In order to supply air insuficient quantities to the burner tips the distributor element 44 is preferably slightly, separated from the plate 14, for example by washers vapor and air is first introduced through pipe 46 by way of valve 47 andthe burners are lighted for example by inserting lighted matches into the lower end of the elements 13 through the large hole 63 therein. The small burners 31 are likewise lighted to heat up the element 18. V i

When the element 18 and the elements 13 are sufiiciently heated the valve 90 in the pipe 16 is opened and the kerosene or similar oil is introduced into the vaporizer 17. This vaporizer element 17 as hereinbefore stated has a'shell 18 containing suitable filling material; This shell 18 and the filling'material therein have been heated by the burners 31 to such a temperature that part of the oil, such as kerosene, solar oil or the like, is, vaporized. A large part of the oil, kerosene, or

the like, is not vaporized. 50 to 76% of the oil introduced remains liquid.

This mixture of vapor and liquid passes into hole 29 of the element 26 and from there through the small hole 30. Out of this small hole 30 the vapor and'liquid emerge in a sort of mistor spray, pass through a portion of in the bottom of the element 33 and the mixture of air, oil vapor and fine particles of oil passes into the tube 40 around the elbow 41 and thus to the burners.

In order that the small particles of liquid will not separate out from the gas consisting of air and the oil vapor the entire length of the distributor A l should not ordinarily be more than three or four feet.

After the operation of the vaporizing system has been successfully started the valve 47 may then be closed and the burners 31 will then continue to maintain the casing 18 and its contents at such a temperature as will vaporize only a portion of the oil passing therethrough.

At this low temperature there will be almost no cracking of the liquid burned and consequently there will be no appreciable deposition of carbon within this element or within the distributing system.

The elements 13 will likewise suffer no deposition of carbon as these will be maintained by the heat of the flame in a condition of incandescence and in the presence of an excess of air the carbon will be completely consumed.

The projections 69 and 70 as shown in Figure 2 serve to further break up any liquid particles which may remain in the fuel as introduced thereto through the burner tips 45. These elements 13 thus serve to complete the vaporization of the fuel.

The fuel oil coming to the element 17 which constitutes an lnitial vaporizer may be supplied under pressure by bringing the oil to it from an elevated tank or from a pump. The amount of pressure can vary considerably but a pressure equivalent to a head of 8 to 10 feet will ordinarily be sufficient.

The fuel used in any particular instance will depend upon the local conditions. asoline may be employed, but it is usually preferable to employ an oil containing considerable fractions whose boiling point is higher than the initial boiling point of kerosene. Kerosene or solar oil are recommended as the fuel. Mixtures of these oils or mixtures with gasoline may sometimes be advantageously used.

In all cases the temperature of the element 17 should be maintained somewhat above the initial boiling point of the oil used but substantially below the end boiling point of such oil.

If desired the temperature of the element 17 may be so maintained that about one-third ,of the oil fed in will be vaporized therein;

As before indicated the elements 13 are so placed in relation to the burners 45 that air may be drawn in through the long slit provided by the spacing of the elements caused by the washers 86, and this will mingle with the burning gases.

It is to be understood that I do not wish to be limited by the details of the disclosure except as limited by the appended claims.

Iclaim:

1. A process of burning hydrocarbon oil which comprises directing a fine stream of said oil upon a foraminous material, maintained at such a temperature as to vaporize a portion of said oil, producing a mixture of the unvaporized oil and the vapor wherein the unvaporized oil is finely divided and is dispersed in the vapor, mixing this dispersion of oil in oil vapor with a regulated quantity of air, delivering this dispersion of oil particles in oil vapor and air to a burner, mixing a further quantity of air with this dispersion in said burner and burning this final mixture as a substantially non-luminous flame in the presence of an excess of air.

2. A process as in claim 1 wherein a portion of the dispersion of oil particles in oil vapor and air is burned in proximity to the foraminous material upon which the initial stream of oil is directed, in such a manner as to maintain said foraminous material at the desired temperature.

3. A process of burning hydrocarbon oil which comprises directing a fine stream of said oil upon a foraminous material, which is maintained at a temperature sufiiciently high to vaporize a portion not exceeding 50% of said oil, passing the unvaporized oil and the vapor through a small orifice to produce a dispersion of small particles of oil in said vapor, producing this dispersion in a mixing chamber to which a regulatedquantity of air is admitted, directing this mixture containing liquid particles, oil vapor and air to burners, burning this mixture in proximity to substantially incandescent refractory surfaces in the'presence of an excess of air.

4. A process of burning hydrocarbon oil, said oil having initial and end boiling points intermediate those of gasoline, kerosene and solar oil, said oil containing fractions above the initial boiling point of kerosene, which comprises; stream of said oil upon a foraminous material maintained at a temperature, slightly above the initial boiling point of said oil, but far below the end boiling point of said oil, thereby producing a flowing mixtureof oil vapor and oil particles, directing said flowing mixture through a small orifice into a regulated stream of air, distributing the resultant air vapor mixture containing liquid particles dispersed therein to burners, and burning the same in contact with substantially incandescent refractory surfaces as non-luminous flames, while allowing free access of air to said flames.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

STUART.

continuously directing a fine

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